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The impact of colonization on indigenous people
Role of women in igbo culture
Role of women in igbo culture
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The traditional Igbo society setting acknowledged the strength of women but suppressed it. Uchendu describes the role of mothers is "When there is sorrow and bitterness the motherland is a refuge to protect you"(126). Oknokwo's motherland, Mabanta, is revealed as an opportunity of forgiveness and healing yet he criticizes it's weakness. He doesn't accept being comforted or the wisdom his motherland could teach him. He suppresses the power that women may have contributed to his character. Enzinma exhibits traits which are masculine to Oknokwo, he thinks to himself if only "she were a boy"(PG). Oknokwo represents a tradition resistance to female power. He acknowledges that Ezinma has potential but because of gender she must settle for a childbearing position. Oknokwo uses her female charms such as her beauty to gain a higher fame in the tribe Umbanta but doesn't use her wisdom for advice on the conflicts within the tribe. The females in traditional Ibgo society are celebrated for their roles as mothers yet it limits their other abilities by restricting it to childbearing roles. The roles for women expand because of colonialism thus they contribute in different ways to Igbo society through education or leadership. Olanna and Kainene are twins yet there is no judgment compared to pre-colonization Igbo society where they would have been discarded. The sisters are childless but there is no stigma or expectation for them to be married. Olanna teaches education for the children's future. She teaches the Biafra nationalism and English language to the children. She gains this ability by colonization which allowed women to pursue higher education. She uses her skills to give back to the community. Kainene leads a refuge group providing supp... ... middle of paper ... ...uppressed in reaching their full power. The women in Half a Yellow Sun are able to reach full potential contributing to the future of Igbo society. The Europeans in Achebe’s book have alterative motives under the guise of kindness. A protagonist is British in half a yellow sun is able to indulge in Igbo culture and cherish it without personal gain. The author Achebe believes colonization silences African voices while Adichie believes that African writers will prevail in the future revealing their voices. The authors existed in different periods of colonization; Achebe lived in the early stages gaining a pessimistic view compared to Achibe in the later period where the future seemed more hopeful. Achebe speaks about the dangerous nature of colonization while Achibe shows the potential that the two cultures of Europe and Africa will learn and benefit from one another.
In Igbo society, the sex of a baby determines the family’s happiness. If the baby was a boy it meant greater joy for the family, but if the baby was a girl the parents received mixed feelings. The reasoning behind parents being joyful for males is because the son will take his father’s place when he dies and continue with his family line. On the other hand, parents felt sorrow towards their baby girl because they knew that women are viewed as weak in the society. Also the father would be disappointed because his lineage will become slimmer; the female will soon be married off to another man. This issue was seen in the book Things Fall Apart when Okonkwo was talking about his daughter Ezinma. In the book it says, “She should have been a boy” (Achebe, 1959, p. 6). This quote supports the fact that Okonkwo wanted a boy instead because he saw the advantages he would have had. He would be happier by knowing a male would carry on his name. Contrasting to this culture, in the American society gender does not play a role
Achebe’s whisper to feminine strengths in his novel was influenced by his intended 1950’s Western audience. Cobham suggests, as cited by Krishnan (2012), that “Achebe chooses representations of Igbo society that are most easily digested by a Western audience” (p.8). In the 1950’s with the end of World War II and men returning home, women’s value was regarded mainly as domestic housewives and mothers. Catalano (2002) illustrates the atmosphere in 1950’s United States explaining, “the Cold War placed an added emphasis on family unity as a defense against communism, making the role of women as wives and mothers crucial to the preservation of the United States and its democratic ideals” and submits, many “identify the 1950s as the pinnacle of gender inequality” (p45). For the benefit of his audience, the stock feminine characters Achebe made obvious mimicked that of 1950’s United States: the inferior female, domesticate...
In the book, the women portray the role as caregivers. Firstly, The women would help any way possible with the yams. In the book it says “ The women weeded the farm three times a definite periods in the life of yams, neither early nor late.” This shows they were dedicated to do such work even thought it was a mans job and it was extremely important, understanding the fact that if the task wasn’t don’t correctly the crops would fail. Secondly, the women play a role as educators to children. In the book it says, “ Low voices, broken now and again by singing, reached okonkwo from his wives’ huts as each women and her children told folk stories.” The education is shown in story telling rituals, which show they are caregivers. Lastly, The mother is there to protect you. In the book is says, “It's true that a child belong to its father. But when a father beats his child, it seeks sympathy in its mother's hut. A man belongs to his fatherland when things are good and life is sweet. But when there is sorrow and bitterness he finds refuge in his motherland. Your mother is there to protect you. She is buried there. And that is why we say that mother is supre...
Like Snow Flower and the Secret Fan, Nigerian traditions and customs were also fixed upon patriarchy within the society. In the early 20th century of Nigeria, it was a society that was very family centred but also heavily influenced by western ideas and values. Ever since she was young, Aku-nna has always been determined to marry a wealthy man who could afford an expensive bride price so she could pay back to her father. Aku-nna lives in a society where women are not equal to men and she accepts that as that way of thinking was considered “normal”. Men were seen to have supreme authority over their household and that "if you lose your father, you have lost everything. Your mother is only a woman; she cannot do anything for you”(Emecheta, 28). Women aren 't able to be independent in a society that believes that their father is their everything. This essentially brings us to see how the patriarchal ideas and values affect Aku-nna 's sense of self as she is swallowed by societies ideas of an acceptable woman. As a result of this we can see how the subjugation and oppression of women in society can undoubtedly change their identity and way of
For example, one way gender roles rules the Igbo culture is shown in this quote, “Okonkwo ruled his household with a heavy hand. His wives, especially the youngest, lived in perpetual fear of his fiery temper” (Page 16). This shows that, in the Igbo culture, men are the dominant sex and they rule over their families. Women are appointed to submissive and unresisting position, where they often live in fear of their husbands. However, Okonkwo’s quick temper with his family is never portrayed as commentable, it is clear that he unquestionably has the right to be aggressive and hostile at home. This also shows moral development because it explains how the Igbo culture allows for men to treat women. Another example can be shown by the Ibo’s use of the hierarchical system, “He could neither marry nor be married by the free-born. He was in fact an outcast...Wherever he went he carried with him the mark of his forbidden caste – long, tangled and dirty hair. A razor was taboo to him. An osu could not attend an assembly of the free-born, and they, in turn, could not shelter under his roof. He could not take any of the four titles of the clan, and when he died he was buried by his kind in the Evil Forest” (Page 146). This shows that the Igbo culture has clear hierarchal system between the titles/successful men of the clan and the titleless/unsuccessful men of the clan. This shows the moral development of the Igbo culture because it defines how the higher class treats and acts toward the lower
Throughout the centuries, the roles of Nigerian women have continuously evolved. During the pre- colonial era, women in Nigerian tribes were not only child bearers and wives, but also free adults. They played critical roles in food preparation, weaving, pottery, and the economy. However, the impact of British rule in Nigeria made a significant shift from the pre-colonial to the post- colonial era. The influence of the Catholic Church, Western style education, patriarchal government and modern ways of making money took a major toll in a woman’s role in society. In Chimamanda Adichie’s novel, Purple Hibiscus, Mama Beatrice and Aunty Ifeoma are dynamic female foils who represent opposite sides of spectrum in post- colonial feminism. Mama epitomizes the product of colonialism, while Aunty Ifeoma challenges the British influence and growing power of men.
In things fall apart women are proclaimed as a unpowerful human being with no rights within the Igbo society. The reason behind this is because of the culture and as well as ,the way they were taught to treat there spouse . In the book women were perceived as being weak and also received very little or no respect in the Igbo society. They also were harshly abused and look down upon. In things fall apart it says “The women and children live in perpetual fear of his fiery temper. He believes in ruling his household with a heavy hand”( Chapter 2 Pg13) . This quote is restating that Okonkwo was the
...heir superiority. Achebe embraces the beauty of humanity while simultaneously addressing its flaws. With his ability to contemplate conflicting perspectives, Achebe illustrates the benefits of cultural relativity. Achebe does not target religion or even the colonizers; he addresses people universally, encouraging global consideration and individual reflection. To accentuate the forcefulness of the colonizers, Achebe contrasts it with his own temperateness—he portrays his characters without generalization, he presents his opinions with a carefully restrained perspective, and remains calm in his writing, never resorting to hatred. Instead of passively resenting his village’s colonization, Achebe productively channels his specified anger into global compassion, showing his readers the value in considering different cultures with objective and thoughtful rationality.
her heavily.” (p. 29). Despite the beatings, Achebe shows that the Ibo women have valuable parts in the
Sex builds an important foundation for making choices, authority over assets, separation of work, valuing men/women connections in terms of gender roles in authority sharing and connection to evolution assets (Oluwagbemi-Jacob 224). Gender roles as shown are decided by many different things in the tribe. Gender plays a big role in the Igbo tribe. Oluwagbemi-Jacob says men and women gender parts are decided by the society because sexuality means opposite things. Being harsher to females, than to males is authority for sexuality.
Chinua Achebe was an influential Nigerian author during the 1900’s who was credited with his three essays which have been fused together into the book “Home and Exile”. In his stories he discusses things such as his own Igbo people, the problems with colonialization, the strength that stories can have and many more topics. A big part of his essays are on his thoughts of colonialism, the impact it has had on his home of Nigeria, and how stories written by others either helped justify colonialism or rejected it. Chinua argues that stories have their own power to fight, and while stories themselves do not have the ability to directly fight colonialism; they do, however with their power of words, stories can motivate and encourage people to stand up against colonialism. In proving this thesis to be a true statement, I will be providing evidence of the how, why and the extent to which stories can fight colonialism.
There are constant struggles between gender, identity, commodification, and class. Among the men and women in many African tribes that still exist today, there are divergences, which will always remain intact because of the culture and the way in which they are taught to treat each other. Chinua Achebe wrote the novel, Things Fall Apart, which is a great piece of African literature that deals with the Igbo culture, history, and the taking over of African lands by British colonization. The ongoing gender conflict is a prominent theme in Things Fall Apart, presenting the clash between men and women of the African Igbo society. Throughout history, from the beginning of time to today, women have frequently been viewed as inferior, men’s possessions whose sole purpose was to satisfy the men’s needs.
In Half of a Yellow Sun, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie attempts to use history in order to gain leverage on the present, to subvert the single story stereotypes that dominate many contemporary discourses on Africa. Written in the genre of historical fiction, Adichie’s novel transcends beyond mere historical narration and recreates the polyphonic experiences of varying groups of people in Nigeria before and after the Civil War. She employs temporal distortion in her narrative, distorting time in order to illustrate the intertwining effects of the past and present, immersing deep into the impact of western domination that not only catalyzed the war, but continues to affect contemporary Africa. In this paper, I will analyze her portrayal of the multifaceted culture produced by colonialism – one that coalesces elements from traditional African culture with notions of western modernity to varying degrees. I will argue that Adichie uses a range of characters, including Odenigbo’s mother, Ugwu, Olanna and Kainene, to each represent a point in a spectrum between tradition and modernity.
Okonkwo sees his father’s gentleness as a feminine trait. He works hard to be as masculine as possible so that he will be the opposite of his father and overcome the shame his father brought to his family. Okonkwo deals with this struggle throughout the entire book, hiding the intense fear of weakness behind a masculine façade (Nnoromele 149). In order to appear masculine, he is often violent. In his desire to be judged by his own worth and not by the worth of his effeminate father, Okonkwo participates in the killing of a boy he sees as a son, even though his friends and other respected tribe members advise him against it. (Hoegberg 71). Even after the killing of Ikamefuna, Okonkwo hides his feelings of sadness because the emotions are feminine to him. He goes so far as to ask himself, “when did you become a shivering old woman” (Achebe 65), while he is inwardly grieving. The dramatic irony of the secret fears that Okonkwo has will open the reader’s eyes to how important gender identity is to him. This theme is also presented among Okonkwo’s children. He sees his oldest son, Nwoye, as feminine because he does not like to work as hard as his father (Stratton 29). When Nwoye eventually joins the Christian church, Okonkwo sees him as even more feminine. On the other hand, Okonkwo’s
Schipper, Mineke. "Mother Africa on a Pedestal: The Male Heritage in African Literature and Criticism." Women in African Literature Today. Ed. Eldred Durosimi Jones. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 1987. 35-53.