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Theory of existentialism
The return of the stranger advanced essay
Theory of existentialism
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The Stranger is a 1942 novel by French author Albert Camus. Its plot and theme reflect Camus’s ideas on existentialism through the main character’s course of action. The novel is set in Algeria of 1942 under French rule. The Stranger set off with one of the greatest opening line in modern literature : “Mother died today. Or maybe, yesterday; I can’t be sure.” Almost instantly, the author catches the readers’ attention. Meursault, our main character who is working in a shipping company receives the news that his mother passed away at the nursing home. He went to his boss to ask for a day off. Then, he took a bus to Marengo, where she lived to attend her funeral. When he arrived, the coffin was already closed. Despite the offer to open the coffin …show more content…
He express his indifference for the subject, but adds that they could if she wants to. They become engaged. The following Sunday, Meursault, Marie, Raymond go to a bungalow owned by Masson, who is one of Raymond’s fellow. They dip themselves in the water to cool off since the sun is unbearable. Later that afternoon, the four of them run into two Arabs, in which one of them is Raymond’s mistress’ brother. They got into a fight, and Raymond got slashed in the eye. Raymond goes back to the house to care for his wound, then he and Meursault return to the beach. Only this time, Raymond carry a gun with him. They find the Arabs, and Raymond considers pulling the trigger. However, Meursault takes his gun away. After a while, Meursault returns to the coast by himself, walking under to burning sun and on the boiling sand. He meets Raymond’s mistress’ brother, the sunlight reflect on the Arab’s knife and blinds Meursault’s eyes. In a split second, for no apparent reason, Meursault fires at the Arab, and only four times more. Meursault is arrested. His lawyer is put off by his nonchalance for his crime, lack of grief for his mother’s dead and for his behavior at the funeral. Following his lawyer, Meursault meets with a magistrate who eventually refers Meursault as an “Antichrist” due to him insisting on the fact that there is no God despite the magistrate’s great effort in converting …show more content…
He is struggling with accepting the end of his fate. He hopes that his legal appeal would be accepted so he would be free. The court sent a chaplain as the last effort to convert Meursault’s atheism. Once again, just like the magistrate, the chaplain has to surrender to Meursault's “harden soul”. The story reaches its climax when Meursault, who is so frustrated with his fate already, now has to endure the chaplain’s lengthy speech about God, decides that he would take it no more. He grab the chaplain, throw him to the wall and begin shouting at him about how there is no point in life and life holds zero meaning. This part is where Camus’s philosophy of existentialism highly reflected on Meursault’s life. After this event, Meursault finds peace in his mind since the world to him now holds no meaning at all. The story ends with Meursault express his wishes for there would be many spectators at his executions who greet him with nothing but
“Next came Raymond, who was the last witness. He waved to me and all of the sudden blurted out that I was innocent” (95). This scene is ironic because prior this trial, Raymond doesn’t express any sense of loyalty. But in this scene, Raymond shows loyalty towards Meursault. He says that the Arabs hated him and Meursault was there by chance. This scene is important because it shows how everything that occurred was indirectly caused by Raymond and Meursault’s friendship under the pretense of “chance.”
Originally released in French, The Stranger by Albert Camus (published in 1942) follows the story of Meursault whom is a French man living in Algeria prior to the 2nd World War and gives his own unique perspective of the events between when he receives a telegram stating that his mother had recently pass away to when he is executed for the murder of a man only referred to as “The Arab” whom he had shot. Meursault had an interesting outlook on life and it is unclear why he feels the way he does but his tone is constantly detached, plain, and at times subtly ironic. That is the key reason this book is referred to as a panicle example of existentialism and also corresponds with the quote;
This passage is set before Meursault’s execution with the chaplain entering the scene, and telling Meursault that his “heart is blind”, leading to Meursault to yell and delve into his rant, and moment of consciousness. The passage has a calm in the beginning as if Meursault catches his breath from yelling previously, and he starts to reassure himself that he is not wrong for expressing his views as it went against the public’s religious beliefs, and states that this moment was so important to him that it was if his life was merely leading up to it. Why this particular scene is important to Meursault is that this is an instance where he successfully detaches himself from the world, and begins to deconstruct the world’s ideals as his rant shifts on to focusing on how nothing in life mattered. Meursault describes his gripes with the chaplain’s words as he explains his reasoning as to why the concept of a god is flawed as Meursault saw that everyone was inherently the same, with equal privileges just how often people could express them separated them. The passage continues with Meursault arguing that everyone would be faced with judgment or punishment one day, and explains why his own situation was not significant as it was no different. After that explanation the passage ends with Meursault posing the concept of everything in the world being equal both in wrongdoing and life in general, evident in his example of saying “Sala¬mano's dog was worth just as much as his wife.” Although the passage shows Meursault challenging the ethics and morals that the world around him follows, it does have instances like the end in which we see that the rant is still expression of Meursault's complex emotions, as it is unclear whether it is fear or a...
While coming to terms with the absurd was a gradual process for Meursault, his final days and his heated conversation with the chaplain, and his desire for a hateful crowd of spectators show that he was able to accept the absurdity, and revel in it, finding satisfaction in spite of those around him and justifying his murder. His ego had reached an all-time high as he neared his execution, and his satisfaction left him prepared for the nothingness awaiting him. This process was a natural psychological response to his mortality, for his peace of mind. Therefore, Meursault is not the Stranger, an alien to society, but a troubled man seeking meaning and satisfaction in a life and a world that was overwhelming unsatisfactory and absurd.
The main character Meursault is literally a stranger, a stranger to the reader. He is a stranger in many ways. Meursault does not act as we would say a normal person would. Being as he did not shed a tear at his own mothers funeral. Meursault also shot and killed an Arab at the beach and showed no regrets. Throughout the novel Meursault kept himself isolated himself mentally,
I, Albert Camus, am a famous French author who wrote The Stranger in 1942. I was born in Algeria, and my experiences there have deeply influenced my thoughts, my work, and my philosophies. The Stranger strongly represents my philosophy of the absurd and existentialism. When I was twenty-five, I moved to France and joined the resistance movement during World War II. After the liberation from Nazi Germany, I became a political journalist and a columnist for Combat, a French newspaper.
When Meursault returns home he decides to take another day off and relax at the beach. On his way out he sees an old man beating his dog and cussing at it ruthlessly. Normally most people would be bothered by the fact of a man beating a small dog, but Muersault watches as if nothing bad were happening. When Meursault is at the beach he meets a girl, named Marie, which he finds very attractive. Meursault and Marie become very close. As the story progresses they begin taking part in sexual activities. Marie tells Muersault that she loves him and asks if he loves her back.
... mother, he does not react in a way most people do. He does not cry but instead accepts what has happened and realizes that he can not change it. He goes back and does physical things he would do on a normal day. When the caretaker offers him coffee, he accepts it, he smokes a cigarette and has sex with a woman he just met. Meursault also does not lie to escape death. He refuses to conform to society and lie. He would rather be seen as an outsider than do something that he does not believe in. Finally, Meursault, will not believe in G-d or Christianity just because it is the only thing to turn to before he is put to death. When Meursault decides not to cry at his mother’s funeral, he accepts himself as an outsider. When he is considered an outsider, it does not matter if he is guilty or innocent; at the end of the day he guilty just for being different.
One of them turns out to be Raymond’s girlfriends’s brother. Meursault takes Raymond’s gun, goes to one of the Arabs with whom he has just had an altercation, and shoots him in cold blood. Meursault doesn’t seem to care about anyone’s emotions, he shoots this Arab for his friend. In this passage, Meursault appears as a body fully dominated by his physical sensations. He complains about the sun, and the heat, when he says “I could feel my forehead swelling under the sun. All that heat was pressing down on me making it hard for me to go on.”(Camus, 40) This demonstrates also when he had to attend his mother’s funeral, throughout the journey he complains, evokes the heat but does not speak for a moment of pain he feels for the death of his mother. However, throughout this scene of the murder of the Arab, the reader has access to extremely detailed physical sensations of the character than to his thoughts or feelings, that only intervened at the end of the passage. Meursault shoots this Arab for no reason, he does it for his friend Raymond because he has no sense of humanity. It appears to be a random act of injustice for no apparent motive. Death plays a dominant role, it is the link that merges the two parts of the book, as the first part ends with the death of the Arab and second ends with Meursault’s
In The Stranger, Raymond appears several times but never grows throughout the text, making him a flat character. Raymond is know to be a “pimp,” and repeatedly assaults his mistress, which eventually leads him to have problems with her brother, an “Arab.” Raymond also uses Meursault throughout the story and persuades him to help punish his girl friend, which leads to a scuffle with the police. Raymond pulls Meursault into his conflict, which eventually causes Meursault death’s sentence, leading to his fall. He hands Meursault the gun that Meursault uses to shoot the Arab. This entire scandal further emphasizes the theme of the purposeless of human life.
The trial portrays the absurdist ideal that absolute truth does not exist. This ideal destroys the very purpose of the trial, which seeks to place a rational explanation on Meursault’s senseless killing of the Arab. However, because there is no rational explanation for Meursault’s murder, the defense and prosecution merely end up constructing their own explanations. They each declare their statements to be the truth, but are all based on false assumptions. The prosecution itself is viewed as absurd. The prosecutor tries to persuade the jury that Meursault has no feelings or morals by asking Perez if “he had at least seen [Meursault] cry” (91). The prosecutor then continues to turn the crowd against Meursault when he asks him about his “liaison” with Marie right after his mother’s death. Though Meursault’s relationship with Marie and his lack of emotions at his mother’s funeral may seem unrelated to his murder, the prosecutor still manages to convince the crowd that they are connected to one another. The jury ends up convicting Meursault not because he killed a man, but because he didn't show the proper emotions after his mother ...
Meursault’s lawyer asked if he had felt sadness during the day of the funeral, to which Meursault responded, “I probably did love Maman, but that didn’t mean anything.” The lawyer then made Meursault promise to not utter a word of this during the trial as it would only hurt him. Meursault displays complete apathy in this scene and many others. It is very similar to how Millay feels about life. It is one thing over and over, life is a cycle that will never end. Meursault understands that death is inevitable and at one point everyone’s existence in the world will disappear. He does not value his life or anyone else’s. Meursault runs into further hiccups when he refuses to turn to God for forgiveness as advised by the magistrate. The magistrate goes as far as calling Meursault, “Monsieur
At the very beginning to the novel Meursault decides to take a proactive existential approach to life: deny suicide and create his own meaning. Only halfway through the novel Meursault starts to utilize his complete freedom, thus he creates a passion and begins to realize the only pleasures in life he can create are the ones he omits. Camus often talks about freedom being the moment of consciousness but contentness; one becomes free when they accept the absurd and find a passion. Meursault’s friend and neighbour, Raymond, is known as a pimp around the city, and invites Meursault to a friend’s cottage and Raymond as well suggests he bring Marie with him. While at the beach house, Raymond and Meursault see the Arabs which were following Raymond
Within the Stranger, Albert Camus brought up many questions and a few answers. He created an outsider to society and showed us how he lived, Meursault.
Camus writes in a simple, direct, and uncomplicated style. The choice of language serves well to convey the thoughts of Meursault. The story is told in the first person and traces the development of the narrator's attitude toward himself and the rest of the world. Through this sort of simple grammatical structure, Camus gives the reader the opportunity to become part of the awareness of Meursault. In Part I, what Meursault decides to mention are just concrete facts. He describes objects and people, but makes no attempt to analyze them. Since he makes no effort to analyze things around him, that job is given to the reader. The reader therefore creates his own meaning for Meursault's actions. When he is forced to confront his past and reflect on his experiences, he attempts to understand the reasons for existence. At first, Meursault makes references to his inability to understand what's happening around him, but often what he tells us seems the result of his own indifference or detachment. He is frequently inattentive to his surroundings. His mind wanders in the middle of conversations. Rarely does he make judgments or express opinions about what he or other characters are doing. Meursault walks through life largely unaware of the effect of his actions on others.