Sol gel method is a chemical synthesis technique for preparing gels, glasses, and ceramic powders because with the colloidal suspension-gel method we can manage to get up fine particles, control the uniformity of particle shape, control the final form of the sample, improve the particle size distribution, or develop low temperature routes [21] shown in figure 2 below. On the other hand, this process reaction are much more rapid and the degree of functionalization of the material can be kept in line [49]. The sol-gel process involves the use of metal alkoxides, which undergo hydrolysis and condensation polymerization reactions to give gels or aerogels with addition of acid as a catalyst which influence the gelation process of the solution [50]. Producing glass ceramic …show more content…
For sol-gel method Zn2SiO4 doped transition metal element ions synthesis typically uses zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) act as SiO2, and doping ions, (e.g. Cobalt (II) nitrate (Co(NO3)2), manganese (II) nitrate (Mn(NO3)2), lithium nitrate (LiNO3)) as raw materials with molar ratio of 2:1 which were valued based on possible balanced equations: 2Zn (NO3)2·6H2O + Si (OC2H5)4 Zn2SiO4 + 8H2O + 8CO2 + 6H2 + 4NH4 The response is borne out at temperatures from 600 to 1000 ºC for about 1 to 4 hours by using sol-gel method where all of the new materials were first broken up in ethyl alcohol (EtOH) and combine all in concert with different transition metal (e.g. Co (II or III), Mn, Li) concentrations [56, 57]. The mixtures solution then will be stirred around 60-80 °C till they form aerogel with the addition of catalyst acid. The aerogel were then burned or dry heat in oven till dry gel form. Finally, each of the samples is sintered at different temperatures from 600 to 1000 ºC for about 1 to 4 h till they melt [58–60]. The provision of the sample are briefly depicted in Figure 3
The purpose for this lab was to use aluminum from a soda can to form a chemical compound known as hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate. In the lab aluminum waste were dissolved in KOH or potassium sulfide to form a complex alum. The solution was then filtered through gravity filtration to remove any solid material. 25 mLs of sulfuric acid was then added while gently boiling the solution resulting in crystals forming after cooling in an ice bath. The product was then collected and filter through vacuum filtration. Lastly, crystals were collected and weighed on a scale.
Solid triphenylmethanol (0.200 g, 0.768 mmol) and sulfuric acid (2 mL) were added to a reaction tube, which was then ground using a glass rod until it dissolved and turned a dark orange color. The mixture was then added dropwise via a glass pipette into another reaction tube containing methanol (1 mL). An extra amount of methanol (2 mL) was used to transfer the rest of the contents of the first reaction tube. Formation of crystals was facilitated by scratching the side of the tube and adding additional methanol until the color changed to an off-white color. The contents of the tube were then vacuum filtered with water and the resulting crude product was weighed and then recrystallized using hot methanol to form triphenylmethyl methyl ether (0.051 g, 0.186 mmol, 24.2%). The melting point was 81 – 83˚
Procedure: Anisole (0.35mL, 0.0378mol) was obtained and placed in a pre-weighed 25 mL round bottom flask, along with 2.5 mL of glacial acetic acid and a magnetic stir bar. Then the reaction apparatus was assembled, the dry tube was charged with conc. sodium bi sulfate, the 25 mL round bottom was attached to the apparatus, and 5 mL of Br2/HBr mixture was obtained and placed in the round bottom. The reaction took place for 20 minutes. An orange liquid was obtained and placed in a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask along with 25 mL of water and 2.5 mL of conc. Sodium bisulfate soln. The solution was then placed in an ice bath to precipitate and then the solid product was filter in a Buchner funnel. These crystals were then re-dissolved minimum amount of hot solvent (heptane) and recrystallized. Once a dry product was obtained, a melting point was established (2,4-Dibromoanisol mp 55-58 C) and percent yield was established (52%).
Cu (aq) + 2NO3 (aq) + 2Na+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) → Cu(OH)2 (s) + 2Na+ (aq) + 2NO3(aq)
Introduction: The purpose of this lab was to cycle solid copper through a series of chemical forms and return it to its original form. A specific quantity of copper undergoes many types of reactions and goes through its whole cycle, then returns to its solid copper to be weighted. We observed 5 chemical reactions involving copper which are: Redox reaction (which includes all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed), double displacement reaction, precipitation reaction, decomposition reaction, and single displacement reaction. 4HNO3(aq) + Cu(s) --> Cu (NO3)2(aq) + 2H2O (l) + 2NO2(g) Oxidation reduction reaction Cu (NO3)2(aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) --> Cu (OH)2(s) + 2 NaNO3(aq) Precipitation Reaction Cu (OH)2(s) + heat --> CuO (s) + H2O (l) Decomposition reaction CuO (s) + H2SO Data Results: (mass of copper recovered / initial mass of copper) x 100 Mass of copper recovered: 0.21 Initial mass of copper: 0.52 (0.21/0.52)x100 =40.38%.
Ceramics are most commonly used in dental applications as restorative materials for crowns, cements and dentures.
I knew that my non-metallic ion was Nitrate (NO3). I found this out after doing the precipitate test. I tested each known compound with silver nitrate as well as my unknown compound and found that it reacted by turning foggy, just like Sodium Nitrate. I saw in that formula that Nitrate was the non-metal since it was stated last, so I didn’t include Sodium.
Michael P. Broadribb, C. (2006). Institution of Chemical Engineers . Retrieved July 26, 2010, from IChemE: http://cms.icheme.org/mainwebsite/resources/document/lpb192pg003.pdf
The main difference between the POP and DOP silver gelatin processes is not in the internal structure of the photographic material but in the way the silver-base...
Shiho Kanzaki had an influence on the history and development of Ceramics. Shiho’s work shows the purpose of what it means for a pottery to be really appealing to people. He got a hold of all details of the use of the completed product into account in the foundation of his pieces. His jars, bowls, urns, and teapots have a simple beauty where the form meets the purpose of the mission, featured by a beautiful glazing. These works of his continue an unharmed line of tradition culture that is as important throughout the globe as it is for the people of Shigaraki, where he grew up.
Advanced ceramics is composed of inorganic, non-metallic materials made from synthetic raw materials as oxides, carbides, and nitrides especially of the elements aluminum, boron, barium, magnesium, silicon, titanium, and zirconium[1]. Corundum (α-alumina) is considered as an important advanced ceramic materials due to its wide range of applications including high strength materials, electroceramics, catalysts, catalytic supports and adsorbent [2][3]. The advantages of alumina are hard, high resistant to acid and bases, allowing very high-temperature resistance applications and possessing very high wear resistance[4][5]. Alumina is a structurally complex oxide being several different metastable phases (γ, δ & θ-alumina) possible,
Na2S2O3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + S (s) + SO2 (g) + H2O (l)
A complexometric titration takes place in an aqueous sample inorder to displace water from the ion. As the metal ion will be ionated once in solution therefore, empty valence empty shells are achieved [1]
large surface areas. High temperature heat-treatment of active carbon such as coconut shells, wood powders, coal tar, resins and resorcinol-formaldehyde and related polymers yield active electrode materials. Another class of materials includes modified
0.1M HCl, 10 mL of 0.1N KMnO4, 0.2 g. KI, 5 mL of alcohol, and 5 mL of