The ideology of Mao and Stalin both sought to eliminate class differences and advance their nation. They both also used terror as a way of acquiring what they wanted. As Mao was born into a middle-class peasant family, he knew of hardship and constant dissatisfaction with the government. He became concerned with the future of his country after the failure of the 1911 revolution, and after much reading of western works, was convinced the only way to bring change to China was through military practices; that “all power grows out from the barrel of a gun.” His ideology was based on and formed mostly around Marxism-Leninism, as was Stalin’s, therefore both believed that the huge numbers of working class and peasants in their country would overthrow the bourgeoisie and rise and take over the government, leading to equality of all and abolishing the class system thereby creating a socialist society. However one difference in their ideologies was that where Mao believed in a ‘Continuous or Permanent Revolution’ (much like Stalin’s rival, Trovsky), Stalin believed in ‘Socialism in One Country’. Marx originally used the term “Continuous Revolution” to describe a strategy for the revolutionary class to continue to fight for their own interests regardless of the attentions of opposing political parties. While explaining that concept, Engels posed the question "Will it be possible for this revolution to take place in one country alone?” to which he answers “No. By creating the world market, big industry has already brought all the peoples of the Earth, and especially the civilized peoples, into such close relation with one another that none is independent of what happens to the others.” However, Stalin disagreed with Engels and made ‘Socialism in One Country’ his ultimate goal for Russia.
The economic status of both China and Russia were not as well as Mao and Stalin would have liked due to wars within and outside of their own country. They both turned to agriculture and industry to raise the economic status of their respective countries. Mao’s tactics included land redistribution, however in order to keep in accordance with his ideologies, Mao encouraged the peasants to turn on their landlords and lead the change themselves. Farms were operated cooperatively as individual plots of land were too small to produce sufficient crops, and the profits split among them. By 1952, grain production was 10% higher than in 1936. Later, farmers were encouraged to created Agricultural Producer’s Cooperatives (APC), where land was pooled and was not owned privately.
Communism, as Karl Marx puts it, is a world where everyone is equal, where there are no social class, where there are no private ownership, where work is used only to produce the necessities, the people are under a control in which allows them to be on the same level as everyone else. What Stalin wanted to do was create and fulfill the governmental system of Karl Marx and create and envision the utopia that Karl Marx was led to believe. Under Stalin’s rule we come to see that his vision of a utopia quickly warps into a dystopia.
Joseph Stalin said, “Ideas are far more powerful than guns. We don 't let our people have guns. Why should we let them have ideas?”. Stalin was a dictator of the USSR from 1929 to 1953. Under his dictatorship, the Soviet Union began to transform from a poor economy to an industrial and military based one. While still a teen, Stalin secretly read Karl Marx 's book the “Communist Manifesto”, and became more interested in his teachings. When Stalin gained power, he ruled his nations using terror and fear, eliminating those who did not comply with his governance.
The Development of Totalitarianism Under Stalin By 1928, Stalin had become the undisputed successor to Lenin, and leader of the CPSU. Stalin’s power of appointment had filled the aisles of the Party Congress and Politburo with Stalinist supporters. Political discussion slowly faded away from the Party, and this led to the development of the totalitarian state of the USSR. Stalin, through.
Communism versus Capitalism is a debate that has raged on for over two centuries. Whether to allow everyone equal opportunities and to do with those opportunities as they please or to mandate class equality in order to keep peace has in itself been the cause of wars. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels saw the working class of the world--the proletariat--being squashed by the greedy business owners--the bourgeoisie. In their view, the bourgeoisie owned too much and the proletariat had no chance to make their own fortunes. In Marx and Engels Communist Manifesto, they propose doing away with private property, nationality, and even countries in order to take power away from the bourgeoisie. However, according to Samuel Smiles, it is the laziness of the working class and the poor that put them in that position. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels would adamantly disagree.
Karl Marx 's writing of ‘The Communist Manifesto’ in 1848 has been documented by a vast number of academics as one of the most influential pieces of political texts written in the modern era. Its ideologically driven ideas formed the solid foundation of the Communist movement throughout the 20th century, offering a greater alternative for those who were rapidly becoming disillusioned and frustrated with the growing wealth and social divisions created by capitalism. A feeling not just felt in by a couple of individuals in one society, but a feeling that was spreading throughout various societies worldwide. As Toma highlights in his work, Marx felt that ‘capitalism would produce a crisis-ridden, polarized society destined to be taken over by
The defining characteristics of the two ideologies were crucial to the nature of the regimes and their influence on the world. Fascism is an authoritarian single-party state based on “mystical nationalism, often with racist elements and especially a charismatic leader who presents himself as a national savior .” Its far-right view turned the fascist regime into a strong but notorious power. For communism, the central idea that Marx and Engels theorized in “The Communist Manifesto” is
This opposing perspective follows the philosophical viewpoint of leaders such as Hitler, Mussolini, Lenin, and Stalin. Fascism, which is the extreme shift on the right wing of the spectrum and an anti-liberal belief with a reactionary-authoritarian system of government, Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini had both the government and freedom of Germany and Italy eliminated to obtain total control. Fascism rather incorporates the idea of control, power and eradication of both interdependence and independence which disputes the principles of having collectivism and individualism side by side, thus caused dystopia -- World War Two, as caused by the fascist belief of Hitler. On the extreme left side of the spectrum, is communism or Marxism. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels co-wrote the book, “The Communist Manifesto” which described communism as something to eliminate class warfare, with the dispute between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, as an instance -- greatly valued equality as its ultimate goal. Nonetheless, leaders such as Lenin and Stalin greatly stretched the radical idea of communism and took it to its extremes, making the Russian government in their control through revolutionary means. In this perspective both fascism and communism are similar in terms of rejecting the ideas of having individualism and collectivism co-exist. Relatively, radical and reactionary leaders would rather have everything in their control in lieu of having the government or the citizens have the power, therefore, either individual or collective freedom is
In The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels attempt to explain the reasons for why there is class struggle and suggest how to prevent class separation. According to Marx there are two different types of social classes: the bourgeoisies and the proletarians. The bourgeoisie are capitalists who own the means of production and the proletarians are the working classes who are employed by the bourgeoisies. Due to their wealth, the bourgeoisies had the power to control pretty much of everything and the proletarians had little or no say in any political issues. According to Marx, the proletarians population would increase and they would eventually rise above the bourgeoisie and hold a revolt against them. The proletarians would base this revolt with the help of 'faith and reason.' With the help from The Communist Manifesto, the proletarians realize the conditions they are in by being overpowered by bourgeoisies. The proletarians now have the reasons to ask questions about origin, order, and their purpose of life. Also, they could raise questions about meaning, truth, and value. Through 'faith and reason' the proletarians will be able to overthrow the empowerment of the bourgeoisies.1
Marxism is a method of analysis based around the concepts developed by the two German philosophers Karl Marx and Fredrich Engel, centered around the complexities of social-relations and a class-based society. Together, they collaborated their theories to produce such works as The German Ideology (1846) and The Communist Manifesto (1848), and developed the terms ‘’proletariat’ and ’bourgeois’ to describe the working-class and the wealthy, segmenting the difference between their respective social classes. As a result of the apparent differences, Marxism states that proletariats and bourgeoisie are in constant class struggle, working against each other to amount in a gain for themselves.
In The Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the two German philosophers saw history as the struggle between the working class and the Bourgeois, or middle class (textbook 708). The Communist Manifesto was written in 1848, during the peak of the Industrial Revolution, a time when the Bourgeois made huge profits in manufacturing at the expense of the working class. According to Marx and Engels, the fruits of the Industrial Revolution created a new class of the oppressed modern working class, the Proletariat, which had never before existed because it was neither like serfdom or slave hood in that it was dependent on the Bourgeois to hire them for wage labor. This was the class the two philosophers envisioned would set off a revolution that would overthrow capitalism to end the perpetual class struggle and create a fair society known as Communism.
This essay has critically analysed and examined the effect of Communism on the Chinese Society during the period of 1946-1964. The overall conclusion that can be drawn is that the Chinese Communist Party managed to defeat the Kuomintang (Nationalist) Party and achieve victory in the Civil War, in spite of alienation by the Soviet Union and opposition from the U.S. This was primarily because of the superior military strategy employed by the Communists and the economic and political reforms introduced by this party which brought more equality to the peasants in the form of land ownership and better public services. This increased China’s production and manufacturing which not only boosted the country’s economy but also provided a more sustainable supply of food, goods and services for the Chinese people.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels’ The Communist Manifesto explores class struggles and their resulting revolutions. They first present their theory of class struggle by explaining that “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles” (Marx 14), meaning that history is a repeated class struggle that only ends with a revolution. Marx and Engels’ message in The Communist Manifesto is that it is inevitable for class struggles to result in revolutions, ultimately these revolutions will result in society’s transition to communism.
Lenin’s reforms were necessary to carry out a socialist revolution in Russia, and the contributions he made drastically changed the course of history. It can be assumed that, the Soviet Union would not have been as powerful if it had not been for Lenin’s initial advocacy of violence and tight organization. Marxism is a philosophy coined by Karl Marx with the help of Friedrich Engles in the early nineteenth century. Marx’s writings inspired many progressive thinkers throughout the European continent and the United States. The Marxist doctrine stated that first a bourgeoisie revolution, which will ignite a capitalist fire.
Government is a particular system used to govern a state, country, etc. One type of government is an absolute monarchy is where a queen or king rules without legally formed opposition and without a constitution. Another form of a government is a monarchy which is a government where a queen, king, or prince is where the supreme power is and they usually rule for life and it is passed down. One form of government is a dictatorship where a specific person is in control and they make their own laws and do not regard the laws that are already there. One last form of government is Maoism which is the theory and practice of the ideas of Mao Zedong which says that a revolution is necessary for the communist leaders to keep in touch with the people.
people on to the side of the CCP. The CCP’s victory was also down to