In cinema, lighting, blocking and panning drastically influence what an audience will notice and take away from a scene. Orson Welles’s 1941 Citizen Kane has numerous examples of effectively using these aspects within mise-en-scène, cinematography and editing to portray the importance of specific events and items in the film. The scene where Kane writes and then publishes his “Declaration of Principles” (37:42-39:42) in the New York Daily Inquirer after buying them focuses on important elements of the film, aiding the audience by combining lighting, blocking and panning to define significant roles and objects that further the movie as a whole.
Mise-en-scène, what the audience sees in a film, is crucial to the movie’s development. Lighting and props are two of the many important aspects of this category. The previously mentioned scene has the goal of representing Kane’s early ideology of what the New York Daily Inquirer will become and provide for its readers. While writing the document, Welles constantly uses lighting to illuminate it for the audience, naturally drawing eyes to the paper even before it is introduced in the film. The lighting of the scene helps viewers identify the document’s value, especially in comparison to Kane as he tends to be less lit then the paper for the majority of scene. The other three cast members, Leland, Bernstein and briefly Sully, continue to be lit but almost never to the magnitude of the paper itself. The first cut of the scene shows Kane writing the document from outside; where a burning gas lamp is the key lighting, allowing the audience to easily notice both the flame and the paper. In the following cut, Kane continually looks at the paper and the gas flame as to signify their imp...
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...able. After following Kane’s movement the eye naturally moves to the glowing piece of paper that appears almost legible. Panning shots such as these allow an audience the ability to follow significant attributes in scenes.
Mise-en-scène, cinematography and editing are used in all forms of cinema. Within the “Declaration of Principles” scene of Citizen Kane, lighting, blocking and panning are three of the main sub aspects that work in unison to consistently demonstrate important aspects of the film. Welles uses these attributes to portray to the audience how this younger Kane is an important newspaper owner, with an even more important document. He creates a scene that has a heavy emphasis on panning to continuously preserve a frame that centers Kane while also lighting the document so viewers can constantly see the important plot and characters of the movie.
Citizen Kane, directed by Orson Welles, was an exemplary and ground-breaking work. In narrative structure and film style, Welles challenged classical Hollywood conventions and opened a path for experimentation in the later 1940s. Gregg Toland’s deep-focus cinematography and Welles’ use of low-key lighting are often discussed aspects of the movie. True, these were areas of innovation, but when watching the movie in class I was particularly struck by the use of camera movement, or “mobile framing” as described in Film Art. In this historical analysis, I will take a detailed look at how Welles and Toland use camera movement to develop and challenge the Hollywood style. By referring to other movies viewed in Professor Keating’s class, including The Cheat, Wings, Applause, Double Indemnity, The Last Laugh and Bicycle Thief, this paper traces one aspect of innovation and diffusion in the movie many call the greatest film ever, Citizen Kane.
Beginning the mid 1920s, Hollywood’s ostensibly all-powerful film studios controlled the American film industry, creating a period of film history now recognized as “Classical Hollywood”. Distinguished by a practical, workmanlike, “invisible” method of filmmaking- whose purpose was to demand as little attention to the camera as possible, Classical Hollywood cinema supported undeviating storylines (with the occasional flashback being an exception), an observance of a the three act structure, frontality, and visibly identified goals for the “hero” to work toward and well-defined conflict/story resolution, most commonly illustrated with the employment of the “happy ending”. Studios understood precisely what an audience desired, and accommodated their wants and needs, resulting in films that were generally all the same, starring similar (sometimes the same) actors, crafted in a similar manner. It became the principal style throughout the western world against which all other styles were judged. While there have been some deviations and experiments with the format in the past 50 plus ye...
The cast members were classically trained theatrical actors, and none had ever made a movie. While there are many unimpressive performances in Citizen Kane none of them were weak. It was filled with an A-rate cast and the actors worked together well as an ensemble. Perhaps, no performance was better than Orson Welles portraying all of Kane’s walks of life. From young and charismatic, to middle aged somber and assuming the end justified the mean instead of arguing it, to old quiet and wounded a man who had fought and lost time and time again Orson Welles delivers stunningly convincing performances at every “age”.
Through exploring the public and private life of Kane, as it transitions from childhood to adulthood, Welles allows for audiences to understand the universal concept of
The structuring of the film as an investigation of Kane’s life reflects the emerging prevalence of voyeurism in 1940s Hollywood film production. During the opening scene, the fish eye lens through a snow globe visually symbolises the audience’s distorted perception of Kane, whilst the fragments of glass symbolise Kane’s own shattered psyche. Subsequently, the voyeuristic obstructed shots through a fence in “News of the March” suggests the audience’s minimal knowledge of his private life while, the polarised opinions of Kane as “a communist” and “a fascist” similarly reveals the multiple contradictory perspectives. As such the newsreel proves unsatisfactory in providing a holistic understanding … Moreover, the use of multiple, subjective narrative flashbacks provides a fractured portrait of Kane providing limited insight to his true identity. The mid-shot portrait of Kane behind Bernstein is indicative of his reverent attitude towards Kane as his inferior hence influencing his altruistic image of him as “an honest man”. This, however, is juxtaposed with the mid-shot of Leland, which suggests a level perspective, to reveal Kane’s true machinations as egotistical with “no conviction except himself”. As such, Welles deliberately structures the film to expose the timeless idea that the complex nature of human existence is subject to perception. Thus, the film’s circular structure, commencing and concluding with the “no trespassing sign” underlines that despite investigation into Kane’s psyche, the audience maintains an incomplete understanding of his true identity. This is in line with Leonard Leff (1987) who states that the “inconsistent point of view of shots” within the film “frustrates the viewer’s expectation of coming to know Kane” and understanding his multifaceted psyche. Hence, the single word
Film Theory and Criticism. 5th Edition. Leo Braudy and Marshall Cohen. New York: Oxford University Press. 1975.
This is evident when marshal Kane returns to his office to write his will. The director decides to use black and white instead of colour because it is a sad text and this is really emphasized in Kane's office. There is also a very little use of props which emphasizes that marshal Kane is in a bad situation. The acting is very defeated with the camera focusing on the marshals face which expresses his defeated attitude and almost tells us that he knows that the end is near. This is a correct assumption because we next see the Marshall writing his will.
Citizen Kane, directed and produced by Orson Welles, defies the conventional style of classic Hollywood films. The film introduced a variety of radical techniques and cinematography way ahead of its time such as shadowing and deep focus. Told through the memories of his associates in a flashback form, Citizen Kane follows an idealistic man with principles Charles Foster Kane, played by Orson Welles, who becomes changed and misguided by wealth and what accompanies wealth. Through the story telling of Kane 's life, we are able to see how wealth changes, not only Kane 's ideals, but his actions and how he perceives the world. Through his choice of shadowing, deep focus, and wardrobe, Orson Wells portrays the transformation of Charles Foster Kane
The absolutely stunning film, Citizen Kane (1941), is one of the world’s most famous and highly renowned films. The film contains many remarkable scenes and cinematic techniques as well as innovations. Within this well-known film, Orson Welles (director) portrays many stylistic features and fundamentals of cinematography. The scene of Charles Foster Kane and his wife, Susan, at Xanadu shows the dominance that Kane bears over people in general as well as Susan specifically. Throughout the film, Orson Welles continues to convey the message of Susan’s inferiority to Mr. Kane. Also, Welles furthers the image of how demanding Kane is of Susan and many others. Mr. Welles conveys the message that Kane has suffered a hard life, and will continue to until death. Welles conveys many stylistic features as well as fundamentals of cinematography through use of light and darkness, staging and proxemics, personal theme development and materialism within the film, Citizen Kane.
Welles who would like to set up lights himself placed a grave importance on the lighting of the film. The lighting helped to compliment many of the films scenes by adding an effect of emotion. In scenes where the shadows would be more apparent there was normally something dark occurring, such as the scene where Kane is seen standing on his own after his second wife leaves him. As said by Roger Ebert “Welles created a gloomy dark visual the film world had yet to see.” The use of these techniques is seen by some as the pioneer or predecessor to the genre of noir that soon followed the film’s release. In addition, Kane had brought a great influence for French critics and filmmakers. Many began to use Welles techniques to create cinematic works of their own. This was known as the French New Wave a movement that combined philosophical and artistic themes in film. Along with the lighting Welles made sure to place musical soundtracks throughout the film a technique that hadn’t been used too often. These soundtracks helped add to the scenes and give them their own atmosphere. The musical soundtrack played a vital role in conveying the emotion of the film. In many of the scenes that contained their own sound a greater message was being conveyed than what the film was showing. Welles was very clever in his way of piecing the scenes
Orson Welles ' introduced innovating editing and sound design in the 1940s with Citizen Kane (1941). Welles uses editing and sound to show the audience the passing of time, this is seen the breakfast montage. Welles uses sound bridges during the transitional wipes of fast moving images which fade into the next shot. The sound bridges act as links between the two scenes and make the time difference apparent to the audience. At the beginning of the montage Welles uses a slow zoom combined with romantic music to show the love between Kane and Emily. Both characters appear in the frame together with deep focus and slow paced editing which shows the closeness of the couple in the early years. This is juxtaposed by the end of the montage showing
Benjamin’s essay, Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction, and Vertov’s film, Man with a Movie Camera, both propose that through film we have more control over how we are able to tell a story. Prior to film, stories were only able to be told in four ways: spoken verbally, painted in works of art, written in books, or performed on stage as a play. Although artistic in their own way, they all lack a component of presentation that film possesses. Oral stories and books are each capable of telling detailed stories but lack the ability to engage the sense of sight; whereas film is primarily told through its visuals. Paintings and plays both have the ability to visually tell a story, but they are not able to control the dimension of time in their story telling.
Movies you might have heard like “The Graduate” starring Dustin Hoffman, “Scarface” movies starring Al Pacino to “In Cold Blood” directed by Richard Brooks. These older movies are “textbooks” for Cinematographers in this day in age because of the extraordinary techniques used for these more recent cinematographers to use as inspirations. Movies like Citizen kane was a textbook to these directors in the movie. In the documentary they talk about how times have changed a lot.
Citizen Kane is often recognized as one of the greatest films ever created because of how advanced it was compared to other films of its time. The producer, cinematrogropher, actros, and editors should all be equally credited for how well constructed this film was. Orson Welles used many different aspects of editing,sound, and Mise-en-Scene to create the world of the film. After watching this film and the scene "Breakfast Montage" its pretty obvious as to why the film was nominated for nine Acadamy Awards.
“Entertainment has to come hand in hand with a little bit of medicine, some people go to the movies to be reminded that everything’s okay. I don’t make those kinds of movies. That, to me, is a lie. Everything’s not okay.” - David Fincher. David Fincher is the director that I am choosing to homage for a number of reasons. I personally find his movies to be some of the deepest, most well made, and beautiful films in recent memory. However it is Fincher’s take on story telling and filmmaking in general that causes me to admire his films so much. This quote exemplifies that, and is something that I whole-heartedly agree with. I am and have always been extremely opinionated and open about my views on the world and I believe that artists have a responsibility to do what they can with their art to help improve the culture that they are helping to create. In this paper I will try to outline exactly how Fincher creates the masterpieces that he does and what I can take from that and apply to my films.