The Respiratory System
1. Define respiration.
Respiration is the process of converting glucose to energy, which goes
to every cell in the body.
2. Describe the organs of external respiration.
The nose is divided into the right and left cavities and is lined with
tiny hairs and mucous membrane, which secretes a sticky fluid, called
mucus, which helps prevent dust and bacteria from entering the lungs.
The nose moistens, warms and filters the air and is an organ, which
senses smell.
The naso-pharynx is the upper part of the nasal cavity behind the
nose, and is lined with mucous membrane. The naso-pharynx continues to
filter, warm and moisten the incoming air.
The pharynx is a large cavity behind the mouth and between the nasal
cavity and larynx. The pharynx serves, as an air and food passage but
cannot be used for both purposes at the same time, otherwise choking
would result. The air is also warmed and moistened further as it
passes through the pharynx.
The larynx is a short passage connecting the pharynx to the trachea
and contains vocal chords. The larynx has a rigid wall and is composed
mainly of muscle and cartilage, which help prevent collapse and
obstruction of the airway. The larynx provides a passageway for air
between the pharynx and the trachea.
The trachea is made up of mainly cartilage which helps to keep the
trachea permanently open. The trachea passes down into the thorax and
connects the larynx with the bronchi, which passes to the lungs.
3. Describe the mechanisms of external respiration including the
interchange of gases within the lungs.
The job of the lungs is to transfer oxygen to t...
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...allergic condition characterised by sneezing, a
blocked nose or runny nose, itching eyes or a heavy head. It can help
to stay indoors when the pollen count is high, particularly in the
early morning and late evening. Keep the windows closed and wear
sunglasses.
Chamomile, eucalyptus, frankincense, Scots pine and rose otto can
help. Put 6 drops of your chosen oil (except eucalyptus) in the bath
and/or a burner, or on a tissue and inhale as required. Make up a
massage oil using up to 10 drops essential oil in 25ml base oil and
massage into the chest and back, 2-3 times a day.
Bibliography
CGP GCSE Double Science Biology. The revision guide.
Collin GEM biology Basic facts
The family medical reference book
British medical association family doctor home advisor
Aromatherapy and natural health
The respiratory system is the system for taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide in organisms. The respiratory systems of California sea lions, king cobras, and bald eagles have a few similarities and differences, but they all allow the intake of oxygen for each organism.
When you breathe in, air containing carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) it moves down your trachea; a tunnel containing cartilage and smooth tissue. Air then travels through two hollow tubes called bronchi; narrow branches lined with smooth muscle, mucosal and ringed cartilage to support the structure. The bronchi divide out into smaller tunnels called bronchioles; are small branches 0.5-1mm, lined with muscular walls to help dilate and constrict the airway. At the end of the bronchioles are little air sacs called alveoli; which assist in gas exchange of O2 and CO2. (Eldridge, 2016) Towards the end of alveoli are small blood vessel capillaries. O2 is moved through the blood stream through theses small blood vessels (capillaries) at the end of the alveoli and the CO2 is then exhaled. (RolandMedically,
Healthy lung tissue is predominately soft, elastic connective tissue, designed to slide easily over the thorax with each breath. The lungs are covered with visceral pleura which glide fluidly over the parietal pleura of the thoracic cavity thanks to the serous secretion of pleural fluid (Marieb, 2006, p. 430). During inhalation, the lungs expand with air, similar to filling a balloon. The pliable latex of the balloon allows it to expand, just as the pliability of lungs and their components allows for expansion. During exhalation, the volume of air decrease causing a deflation, similar to letting air out of the balloon. However, unlike a balloon, the paired lungs are not filled with empty spaces; the bronchi enter the lungs and subdivide progressively smaller into bronchioles, a network of conducting passageways leading to the alveoli (Marieb, 2006, p. 433). Alveoli are small air sacs in the respiratory zone. The respiratory zone also consists of bronchioles and alveolar ducts, and is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (Marieb, 2006, p. 433).
The Circulatory System is a transportation and cooling system for the body. The Red Blood Cells act like billions of little mail men carrying all kinds of things that are needed by the cells, also RBC's carry oxygen and nutrients to the cells. All cells in the body require oxygen to remain alive. Also there is another kind of cells called white blood cells moving in the system. Why blood cells protect from bacteria and other things that are harmful. The Circulatory system contains vein arteries, veins are used to carry blood to the heart and arteries to carry the blood away. The blood inside veins is where most of the oxygen and nutrients are and is called deoxygenated and the color of the blood is dark red. However, blood in the arteries are also full of oxygen but is a bright red. The main components of the circulatory system are the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
During the early parts of exercise odour breathing rate increases and if that increases then always our tidal volume increase but during steady state excise they start to plateau off and therefore our respiratory centre that is found inside our medulla so as soon as our breathing rate plateaus our tidal volume will do the same thing and plateau off.
This is a follow-up visit for [Name], who is a 9-year 6-month-old young man who brought here today, by his mother, for medication management.
Introduction: Respiration, commonly known as the inhalation, exhaling or breathing, has a little known definition. This is the definition that involves the cellular level of eukaryotic cells. Cellular respiration may best be described by the following equation: C6h1206+602-6CO2+6H20+36ATP. ATP is the energy needed for a cell to function as part of cellular respiration. ATP is needed to power the cell processes.
In the respiratory system, the cells of the body need energy for most of their chemical activities in order to maintain homoeostasis. Most of this energy is derived from chemical reactions which can only take place in the presence of oxygen. The respiratory system is the human body system that enables an organism to respire and thus be able to absorb oxygen into the body. It involves the uptake of oxygen into the body and the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere or environment. Respiration occurs like all other body mechanisms with the aid of special tissues, cells and organs. The lungs are the main organs with the process of respiration. Air passes into the lungs to supply the body with oxygen through the process of inhalation. Carbon dioxide which is not needed by the human body is passed out or expelled through the process of exhalation. The two processes happen interchangeably and they are collectively referred to as breathing or ventilation.
External and internal respiration differ in many ways. For instance, external respiration is the transfer of gases between the respiratory organs, which include the lungs and outside environment. This process takes place prior to internal respiration. External respiration also recognized as breathing includes a process of: inhaling of oxygen is obtained by the capillaries of the lungs alveoli and expelling carbon dioxide from the lungs, which is released from the blood. The exchange of gases simultaneously occurs. The structures involved in this process includes: inter costal muscles contract, sternum
The larynx, known as the voice box, consists of an outer casing of nine cartilages that are connected to one another by muscles and ligaments. There are three unpaired cartilages and six paired. The unpaired cartilages include the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis. The thyroid cartilage is the largest and better known as the Adam’s apple. The cricoid cartilage is the most inferior cartilage of the larynx which forms the base of the larynx on which the other cartilages rest. Together, the thyroid and cricoid cartilages maintain an open passageway for air movement. The epiglottis and vestibular folds, or false vocal chords, prevent swallowed material from moving into the larynx. The paired cartilages, accounting for the remaining six, include the arytenoid (ladl...
The inside of the nose is layered with a sticky, moist substance called mucus. Mucus works with nose hairs to collect dust and germs to protect the lungs. When the nose captures an irritant, that it has to dispose of right away, it forcefully exhales at up to 100mph. This is called a sneeze. Farther back into the nose are even smaller hairs called cilia that you can only see with a microscope. They remove mucus from the sinuses and the back of the nose.
According to our text, Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, 2010, pg. 78. 94. Cellular respiration is stated as “The aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules; the energy-releasing chemical breakdown of food molecules, such as glucose, and the storage of potential energy in a form that cells can use to perform work; involves glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis”.
The Mechanism and Regulation of Breathing Breathing is an involuntary movement that is controlled by the medulla, which is part of the hind brain. Air is sucked into the lungs. through an active process called inspiration. The external intercostals muscle contract and the internal intercostals muscle relax this causes. the ribs to be drawn upwards and outwards.
The various cartilages, muscles, ligaments, and the hyoid bone in the laryngeal skeleton each have their own specific structure and critical role in the performance of the entire phonation system. The collection of parts that comprises the phonation system interacts to form a common purpose. However, similar to how various parts within this system work together to support itself, these parts also interact with another system of the body for the purpose of receiving and giving necessary support for functioning. The respiration system has a supportive relationship with that of the phonation system, where if certain structures were not working correctly within either system, function of not only that system but the other as well would be critically