The ability to regrow missing limbs is an incredible power that a few animals have mastered. The mystery behind how they do it is still not known very well. But hopeful soon we will be able to solve yet again another one of Mother Nature’s many mystery’s and puzzles. One of the best models of this incredible process is starfish. My goal in this paper is to find out about regeneration in starfish.
Regeneration is the ability of an organism to grow a body part that has been lost. Regeneration happens to reconstruct external parts and internal organs that are often exposed to predators or amputation. Amputation can be self-induced or traumatic and these lost parts are than complete regrown rapidly. It can also be seen as a conservative asexual
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This is because in the central disc the starfish has its digestive track, and its control center. However some starfish like Linckia’s which are found near Hawaii are able to regenerate with no portion of the central disk attached. This is because this species of starfish might be able to absorb dissolved organic molecules, even without a complete digestive system to fuel the regrowth of tissue. Once the arm is removed from the starfish the aboral wall folds in to cover the wound within 5-10 minutes. The rapid closure of the wound and may be due to an activating agent which speeds up cell division. Regenerating tissues became apparent after 10 days. The rapid healing of the wound is due to accelerated mitosis which is mediated by proteins called growth factors. Some examples of these growth factors are: neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. After 1 month, there is visible regenerating lost arm and after about 36 days there is a regenerated arm. In a year the once regenerating arm is fully functioning like any other …show more content…
D. "Regeneration in Echinoderms: Repair, Regrowth, Cloning." 3 (2006): 64-76. Print.
Patruno M., M. C. Thorndyke, M. D. Candia Carnevali, F. Bonasoro, and P. W. Beesley. "Growth Factors, Heat-Shock Proteins and Regeneration in Echinoderms." The Journal of Experimental Biology 204 (2001): 843-48. Print.
Ramsay, K., M. Bergmann, L. O. Veale, C. A. Richardson, M. J. Kaiser, S. J. Vize, and S. W. Feist. "Damage, Autotomy and Arm Regeneration in Starfish Caught by Towed Demersal Fishing Gears." Marine Biology 138.3 (2001): 527-36. Print.
"Regeneration." The Worlds of David Darling. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/R/regeneration.html>.
Scott, Susan. "Starfish a Great Topic for Students." Welcome to SusanScott.net. 6 Dec. 2002. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. <http://www.susanscott.net/Oceanwatch\2002/dec07-02.html>.
Thompson, D'Arcy W. "The Regeneration Of Lost Parts In Animals." Mind Os-IX.35 (1884): 415-20. Print.
Verrill, A. E. "Remarkable Development of Star-Fishes on the Northwest American Coast; Hybridism; Multiplicity of Rays; Teratology; Problems in Evolution; Geographical Distribution." The American Naturalist 43.513 (1909): 542.
In reproduction, the female produces clusters of eggs that she carries in one or two egg sacs that are attached to her abdomen. Once hatched, The T. Californium’ life cycle has quite a few stages. The first being six naupliar (young) stages lasting 4 – 10 days. Next come the 6-copepodite stages (7-14 days for the first 5 stages) ending in the last stage where T.californicus is a sexually mature adult. Adults then live from 40 – 90 days after the stages are complete (Rickets and Calvin 1985).
There is no doubt that arthropods are an extremely successful group of animals, with an estimated 5-10 million species worldwide[1], and this can be attributed to having an exoskeleton; it provides many benefits, such as protection from parasitism and other threats. However, one major disadvantage of having an exoskeleton is the limitations that an inelastic cuticle can place on growth. The exoskeleton provides protection, but when freshly moulted the animal is soft and vulnerable, as well as having limited mobility and use of appendages; many seek shelter before moulting[2]. There are similarities and differences between the moult cycles of all the arthropods, however only crustaceans and insects will be discussed here.
In this entertaining, search into global fish hatcheries, New York Times writer Paul Greenberg investigates our historical connection with the ever changing ocean and the wild fish within it. In the beginning of the book Paul is telling his childhood fishing stories to his friends, that night Paul discovers that that four fish dominate the world’s seafood markets in which are salmon, tuna, cod, and bass. He tries to figure out why this is and the only logical answer he could come up with is that four epochal shifts caused theses wild fish population to diminish. History shows that four epochal shifts happen within fifteen years causing certain fish species populations to diminish. He discovers for each of the four fish why this happened to
Since three-forth of the world is composed of bodies of water, it’s natural that a great number of people rely on fishing for their livelyhood or just for their recreation needs. There are numerous of fish species swimming under the lakes, seas, ponds, and rivers. Most anglers consider fishing as the delight in their purpose-driven life, a sport, as they say.
Scorpaenidae are mostly marine fish,very few found in fresh and brackish water. The family have around around 45 different genera and 380 different species. They are mostly found in the India Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Most of them lives in coral, tropical reefs and shallow waters, warmer areas. Not all of the family fish lives in the shallow water, small portion of the Scorpaenidae live deep as around 7,000 feet. Just like most of the coral reef fish are, Scorpaenidae have camouflaged body. Their characteristic reflects their name, they have sharp spine that can sting other organisms. Their spine are covered with venomous mucus just like how some other kind of fish are covered with the venomous mucus. Their body are covered with scales. Generally speaking, the Scorpaenidae family fish have different number of spines over the course of the body. Most known type pf Scorpaenidae are lionfish and scorpionfish. Lionfish have preorbital bone with 3 spines, spines and third below the diagonal; , big mouth, end position, oblique fissure. Mandible, vomer and jaw bone with villiform teeth group. Gill openings are wide, tetrabranchiate membranes without the isthmus, pre-opercular margin with 5 spines. Body are ctenoid scales, round head. On the side, there are about eight to nine dorsal fin, fin spines and rays of an anal fin; five to six pectoral fins, they are large, round, and are branched from the upper fin rays. There are about one to five pelvic, sub thoracic; caudal fin rounded truncate. Reef stonefish are extremely camouflaged, they could look exactly like a rock when hiding for predation. The spines of Scorpaenidae are hard and rough, some of their fin spines have poison, can cause serious pain, swells and fatal wounds. Some of ...
The wasting syndrome is a disease that is killing off the starfishes, “researchers in Washington State first noticed signs of the so called ‘“wasting syndrome”’ in June 2013 during routine monitoring of [the] populations”(Scudellari, 2014, pg. 44-45). The wasting syndrome is where the starfish’s body is first drained of all its water (they have water instead of blood). Then, after it is drained of its water then the arms of the star start curl up and detach from the rocks. After that “white lesions appear, like festering canker sores” (Scudellari, 2014, pg. 44-45) and the major organs keeping the starfish alive explode and all the arms fall off, and the starfish dissolves into a gooey blob. This
The article begins in part 1 by explaining the origin of the red lionfish’s invasion 20 years ago. They first occurred in south Florida and also the Caribbean and are spread out from a very lengthy distance as far down as north eastern
Fox, R. 2001. Invertebrate Anatomy OnLine: Artemia Franciscana. Lander University. http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/artemia.html, retrieved February 13, 2011.
Regeneration is a process that has the ability to regrow a structure that has been damaged/amputated. Regeneration is an important thing the world for animals, humans, and more things that are affected by it. Without regeneration, crabs would suffer because they lose their legs so often, humans would be skinless, especially on their knees because that’s what gets scraped many times, children wouldn’t be able to regrow tips of accidental fingertip amputations back and flatworms would have less of a population because when they lost a head or tail they wouldn’t be able to regrow again. Regeneration doesn’t completely help humans like it does animals, humans won’t grow a head back or legs, but they do benefit a little from regeneration. Many things are affected by regeneration positively.
The discoverer of the titanic, Dr Robert Ballard famously referred to the deep sea as ‘far more alien than going to mars or the moon.’ The deep sea is one of the largest virtually unexplored ecosystems on the planet; it is found at a depth of 1000 fathoms [1] and is subject to adverse changes in temperature, pressure and light penetration amongst other factors. Therefore as expected fish decrease in abundance, and species diversity. This trend is prominent as in order to survive the harsh conditions of the deep sea, fish need a number of specific adaptations. Allowing them to ultimately survive, feed, and reproduce.
Sperry, R. W. (1963, October 15). Chemoaffinity in the Orderly Growth of Nerve Fiber Patterns and Connection. Natioanl Academy of Science, 50(4), 703-710.
Sixty-Five million years ago, 70 percent of life on Earth died. The most reasonable and possible reason this happened was an asteroid. An asteroid hit the Earth very hard, and in doing this, dirt and dust from the impact stayed in the air and it blocked out sunlight, that’s why the dinosaurs died. An asteroid is a rock from outer space. Asteroids have orbited the Sun along with the planets since the solar system formed about 4.6 billion years ago, but it’s only been 200 years since we first discovered them. Meteorites are small pieces of asteroids broken off on impact with other asteroids. Most meteorites are rusty brown on the outside, have rounded edges from melting as they go through Earth’s atmosphere, and contain iron. There are 3 different types of meteorites: stony, metallic, and stony metallic.92 percents of all asteroids are stone, 6 percent are made of iron and nickel, and the rest are a combination. Some meteorites also contain gold, copper, platinum, and carbon.
A number of organs have the intrinsic ability to regenerate, a distinctive feature that varies among organisms. Organ regeneration is a process not fully yet understood however when its underlyning mechanism are unreveled, it holds tremendous therapeutic potential for humans. [28]