The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

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In 1849, Dante Gabriel Rossetti showed his very first oil painting during the first exhibition season after the formation of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, alongside Millais’ Isabella and William Holman Hunt’s Rienzi Vowing to Obtain Justice for the Death of His Young Brother. While the group was short lived and never formed an official mission statement, “the combination of inexperience, collaborativeness, and sheer impact that distinguished the first years of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood is worth remarking, then, as an exceptional event in the history of art.” (Prettejohn 17) The men succeeded in endeavors of poetry and writing as well as painting, and formed a collaborativeness in not solely the development of the group, but also they arts in which they participated.
There are different accounts of Pre-Raphaelite beginnings, many of which exaggerated by William Holman Hunt, however, there is truth in Rossetti’s introduction of Hunt to Ford Maddox Brown, and his instigation to expand the group. Their work initially was deemed ‘primitive’, being a swerve away from historical progress and cultural development of the modernized world. Prettejohn explains this as being a willfully naive way of seeing with sharp perceptions and lack of order and refinement. (33)
As far as the focus of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood is concerned, Hunt stressed the importance of peer-group emulsion, with members coaching and influencing each other’s work as well as modeling in paintings. The modeling concept was important to the P.R.B. because of the urgency to remain true to nature. All first works exhibited “contained at least one significant figure modeled on a friend or relation.” (42) The men felt by painting actual, live human beings that the images in the painting would more realistically reflect true nature as it is. In Millais’s Isabella, F.G. Stephens sat for the brother holding the glass on the left, Walter Deverell was the figure behind him, and Rossetti modeled for the man who was drinking. They rejected the academy concept of drawing from greek and roman ideals, instead looking to how the human figure actually contorts. The awkward angles of Rossetti’s Ecce Ancilla Domini! reflect the stark difference from the traditional academic style painting.
Truth in nature can also be aptly seen in Millais’ Ophelia, through the accuracy of the reeds and water grasses. While the painting could have included all perfectly growing reeds and still depicted them as people would understand what they were, Millais went one step further showing the reeds as if it were “a literal encounter between the artist who made the representation and this clump of reeds.

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