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Corruption and power
Critically discuss the doctrine of separation of powers
Corruption by politicians
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The plural executive is a system that divides the power among the lieutenant governor, state treasurer, general land commissioner, and attorney general. It was established in 1876 because state governors normally abused of their power many regarded it as oppressive and corrupt. The governor is limited to the people appointed to office and which appointees to office could be removed. However, the governor can still be successful if he works closely with the legislature and shares common visions. The governor can only appoint the Secretary of State other officials do not work together. The Lieutenant governor serves as an acting governor when the governor resigns, is incapacitated or impeached. He is the Constitutional President of the Senate
The office of president of the Republic of Texas was superseded and the state governor was first established in the Constitution of 1845 (“Phillip, Fry,” 2010) The Constitution of 1845 vested executive power in the governor and the election was done by the qualified voters of the State. In comparison, the Constitution of 1876 created plural executive, dividing the executive power among a governor, lieutenant-governor, Secretary of State, comptroller of public accounts, treasurer, commissioner of the general land office, attorney general and all of the officers of the executive department. All of these positions are elected by qualified voters except the Secretary of State who is appointed by the governor. The governor remains the commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the State and the militia in both the Constitutions. Also, the Constitution of 1845 placed a limit on the governor’s salary to two thousand dollars annually, which was amended on November 2, 1954 removing this limit. Although there has not been much change in the requirements to become a governor, the Constitution of 1845 limited the governor to two two-year terms in six years compared to the four-year term in the Constitution of 1876 (“Constitution of Texas,” n.d.; “Texas Constitution,” n.d.)
Just some of the duties as Chief Legislator include: Initiating an agenda for Congress, speak of his goals to accomplish in the State of the Union message, set the direction for the United States foreign policy, and make treaties with the consent and advice from the Senate. Congress has a lot of power on its own as well, they have the right to make laws, declare war, impeach and try federal officers, raise and provide public money and oversee how it’s used, approve presidential appointments, approve treaties negotiated by the Executive Branch, and oversee investigations. (Capitol Visitor Center, n.d., p. xx-xx) Congress is divided into the House of Representatives which is determined by the size of a state’s population, and the Senate which has a person for every state in America so there is equality for decisions.
day federalism. In section 1 of the Fundamental Orders, an executive office as well as a judicial branch is elected. The person with the most votes becomes the governor, and the next six runners up would hold positions as magistrates in the general court. The representative branch is established in section two where it is stated that the next runners up to the magistrates shall be the public officers to the people of their town. These three branches of government are exactly the same in present day, but how they are elected and appointed to their position is the only difference.
An issue in Texas today is whether the public have sufficient control over the executive branch of Texas government. Texas has a plural executive, which mean the public not only elects the Lieutenant Governor, but also the Attorney General, Comptroller, Land Commissioner, and Agricultural Commissioner (Benson, Clinkscale, and Giardino 216). These elections add significantly to the “long ballet” that the public can vote for. Some argue that because there are so many to vote for, people cannot adequately vote for the positions. The research and attention needed to stay up to date on the elections can steer people away from voting. Many people vote for the governor and the lieutenant governor because of the title and how high the positions are.
The duties of the Secretary include: serving as Chief Election Officer for Texas, supporting county election officials and guaranteeing the uniform function and interpretation of election laws throughout Texas. The Office of the Secretary of State also affords a repository for official and business and commercial records required to be filed with the Office. Another job of the Secretary is the publishing of government rules and regulations and commissions notaries. The Secretary also serves as keeper of the state seal and attester to the Governor's signature on official documents. In addition, the Secretary serves as senior advisor and liaison to the Governor for Texas Border and Mexican Affairs, and serves as Chief International Protocol Officer for
Martial law is where the military is put in control of normal civilian functions of government due to an invasion or disaster of some degree. Being able to call for military control shows the military power the governor can possess. Another power and duty the governor has in the state is formulating and submitting the state budget. Given these powers, this allows the governor to reveal his spending priorities. Given these budgetary powers, he can subsequently position the budget in his favor. The governor with the senates approval, has the power to appoint the three-member Public Safety Commission which governs the tasks of the Department of Public Safety. This is so significant because by appointing his people to oversee all of the Department of Public Safety, gives him police power and makes them more powerful. One role that defines and is said to be the most important power given to the governor, is the power to sign or veto a bill once it has been passed by the Texas Legislature. If the governor decides to veto a bill, it gets sent back to the legislature and they can override the veto if they get two-thirds vote in each chamber and if they are still in
The role of an executive branch is to carry out the law. Many states switched to the plural executive form of government because state governors were known for abusing their power when appointing friends to political positions or handing out favors when they requested. A plural executive system which means the power of a governor is limited and distributed among other government officials. Which means, that there is not an government official in Texas that has the solely responsible for the Texas Executive Branch. Some of the members of the Texas Plural Executive and their roles are Lieutenant Governor serves as the presiding officer is first in line of succession for governor, is elected to 4 years terms by the public with no terms limits. Attorney General serves as the lawyer for the state also represents the state on civil matters and is responsible for the interpretation of the
The Governor of California holds the power of the executive along with elected executive officers. The Governor is in charge of making sure that all the laws are being executed that have been written by the judicial. The governor is also given the power to be in charge of the California of the state military. The Governor also has the ability to appoint people for positions within the executive branch. The Governor must be an elector who has been a resident of California for at least five years before their election.... ...
There are positive and negative effects to the plural executive model. Historically, state governors were known for abusing their power when appointing friends to political positions or handing them out as favors they would call upon later. This is why Texas in the 1850 amendment established a plural executive where by the governor must share power with other popularly elected executives, in this case the lieutenant governor, state treasurer, comptroller, general land commissioner, and executive officer. The president of the United States still has a cabinet of appointed officials, but Texas like most states have changed to elected officials. A major drawback to this form is that it lacks cohesion, leading to political officials chasing after many different goals. The governor has much less power to lead the group in any unified direction. Also, while voting prevents governor bias, voters do not always elect the most qualified officials.
The executive branch has the power to veto bills and laws passed by the Congress, and the executive branch sees the laws through. All the branches, however democratic, are set-up for the people and to carry out the public’s will. If any of the branches were unable to do so, the system would not have survived 200 years.
nation. In addition, a single executive is more likely to be responsible for the decisions
In Federalist No. 10, James Madison stresses that “measures are too often decided, not according to the rules of justice and the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majority.” Madison philosophized that a large republic, composed of numerous factions capable of competing with each other and the majority must exist in order to avoid tyranny of majority rule.# When Federalist No. 10 was published, the concept of pluralism was not widely used. However, the political theory that is the foundation for United States government was the influential force behind pluralism and its doctrines.
Unlike the United States Executive Branch, where the President of the United States appoints his cabinet, the Executive Department of the State of Texas is all elected by the public with the exception of the Secretary of State and the State Board of Education, which are appointed. With this power being distributed by the voters, it makes the Executive Branch less powerful than the other two branches in the state. This weakness in the branch was even stated in a Wall Street Journal article by Jonathan Weisman in 2011, “By constitutional design that dates to Reconstruction, Texas has a weak governorship. In addition to the legislature, power is diffused among 270 agencies, boards and commissions”. This statement alone certainly conveys that the Executive Branch has clearly been weaker than the other two branches of authority in the State of Texas.
Executive functioning is the new “hot” umbrella term used by teachers, counselors, and parents to describe a range of learning and attentional problems. Recent neuroscientific research on children and adults implicate failed executive functions, or their lack of engagement, not only in school-related performance issues, but in dysregulated emotional states experienced by those without executive function deficits. Such states are characterized by limited capacity for thought and reflection and automatic, reflexive reactions (Ford, 2010), similar to children with executive function deficits.
Leadership is being able to direct or guide other people by either your own actions or by actually guiding them into the right direction (Acumen). Inspiration to be a leader might come from many different areas like your family, friends, peers, or even teachers. My inspiration didn’t really occur to me until I started attending college in August 2013. In all actuality I never even thought of how to be a leader until I was in Mrs. Moore’s Perspectives class. I now have a desire to be a great leader, and the inspiration has come from Mrs. Moore, and my family. I am the first to attend college out of my family, so in a away I have already started leading my siblings in the right direction. Being a leader means inspiring others to pursue their dreams, and aspirations and helping throughout the journey to success. Being a leader has nothing with authority or being able to tell other what, and how to do things, it’s about having people who look up to you and want to follow your example.