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Sociological concepts of health
Definition of health in sociology
Sociological concepts of health
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Peoples priorities differentiate based on many factors. The main factor that divides people’s priorities involves financial income. In Barbara Ehrenreich’s essay, “The Naked Truth about Fitness,” Barbara expresses her views regarding the redefinition of virtue as health. Ehrenreich states her views on the worldwide obsession of becoming fit and healthy. She talks about society’s view of health as a moral standard, and that cultures confuse the word health with healthism. Inequality between the social classes hinders those in poverty from fulfilling the standards of healthism. While the upper class enjoys a stable environment, the environment of the lower class oppresses them with conditions that discourage health. A family’s income affects where they reside. Ehrenreich states, “In low-income neighborhoods convenience stores and fast-food joints are often the only source of food” (Ehrenreich, 2015, p.339). Most people do not have access to luxury items since they cannot …show more content…
Living a healthy lifestyle costs money. Ehrenreich states, “We spend $5 billion a year on our health-club memberships, $2 billion a year on vitamins, nearly $1 billion on home-exercise equipment, and $6 billion on sneakers to wear on out on our treadmills and Stairmasters” (Ehrenreich, 2015, p.337). Because some people live paycheck to paycheck, they cannot afford an expensive, healthy lifestyle. Ehrenreich states “No amount 15 of straining against muscle machines could have saved Drexel Burnham operatives from unemployment; no aerobic exercises can reduce the price of a private-school education (Ehrenreich, 2015, p.340). Social order prevents the lower class from becoming healthy. People of the lower class have priorities relating too feeding and clothing their children; they do not have extra money to buy vitamin pills or a gym
The socioeconomic gradient that exists in civilizations with low levels of societal equity has increasingly been implicated as a major contributor to the health status of individual citizens. Thus, it is unsurprising that the neighborhood or place in which a person lives, works, and plays is also a significant social determinant of health. The consequences of one’s environment can range from diminished mental health and increased stress all the way to the development of chronic disease and early mortality. The documentary Rich Hill successfully encapsulates the problems associated with living in poverty by examining the lives of three families from an impoverished area of Missouri. The filmmakers delve into the intricate interpersonal, family,
The media portrays the upper class as something to strive for. Obtaining wealth and material possessions will bring you a happy life. The only way to get ahead is to emulate the rich and powerful and to live vicariously through them (Kendall 316). The media’s emphasis on the upper class takes away from people living life for themselves. Instead, they are persuaded to obtain a lifestyle that is realistically out of their means. Kendall states, “Largely through marketing and advertising, television promoted the myth of the classless society, offering on one hand the images of the American dream fulfilled wherein any and everyone can become rich and on the other suggesting that the lived experience of this lack of class hierarchy was expressed by our equal right to purchase anything we could afford”. Exaggerated views of the rich and successful in America are largely portrayed via television. Which gives a false idea of what happiness, wealth and material possessions can bring (Kendall 317). The poor and homeless are at the bottom of the class structure and are often overlooked, ignored and only portrayed as deserving of sympathy. They are stereotyped to be people who have problems such as drugs or alcohol (Kendall 318). Kendall goes on to explain that the middle class is considered the “working class” and are
Since the rise of capitalism was underway, everything was being mass produced for a affordable price. This new abundance made the imbalance in economic classes significantly worse. Only big business manufacturers and merchants, lawyers, successful farmers, and other professionals dominated the locus of production, which lead to the decline of household needs as a source of production. Clothing was no longer being made at home, and food was being mass produced and sent to small shops. While this made some things easier for the average household, it took away much of the lower class’s means of
People in lower classes are more likely to get sicker more often and to die quicker. People in metro Louisville reveal 5- and 10-year gaps in life expectancy between the city’s rich, middle- and working-class neighborhoods. Those who live in the working class neighborhood face more stressors like unpaid bills, jobs that pay little to nothing, unsafe living conditions, and the fewest resources available to help them, all of these contribute to the health issues.
Furthermore, Wilkinson and Pickett (2010) argue that health and social problems are worse in more unequal societies. Because of inequality, poverty, social exclusion with the underclass and their welfare dependency, life expectancy is less, mental illness and drug use is high and educational success and social mobility is limited. Data about the United States’ society also finds a correlation between lower death rates and higher incomes, a core t...
Ubiquitous throughout history and across cultures is the concept of rich versus poor. Almost all people fall on a spectrum moving from poverty to affluence. A person’s position on this spectrum is labeled by sociologists as their socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status, often abbreviated as SES, is measured by a person’s income, education, and career. Socioeconomic status is a pinnacle factor in a person’s life, affecting their lifestyle, relationships, and even, as with Dick and Perry, criminal potential. Low socioeconomic status has been shown to correlate with chronic stress, education inequality, and a variety of health problems including hypertension,
...e are all affected by low income. As MacRae et al. (2012, p. 42) mentioned, Indigenous people who reported no usual daily intake of fruit or vegetables were more likely to be the lowest quintile of income. And another example from Bourke et al. (2012, p.501) indicates that lower income of the Aboriginal residents of Ruralsville, as well as low social status and socially marginalised, all leads to poorer health status. People with low income are more likely having trouble to get the treatment they need. Some of them cannot afford the medication for a specific disease. A study by Kemp et al. (2013, p.21) shows that, prescription medicines for chronic disease pose a substantial financial burden to people who had low incomes. If a patient cannot get the medication or the surgery, his/her health status will affect by this situation, and eventually leads to bad outcome.
Health inequality is part of American life, intertwined and entangled with other social problems; gaps in income, education, age, race and gender. Gaps that social analysts cannot say for sure which factors are cause and which are effect. The unclear outcome is a huge chicken-and-egg puzzle, its solution reaching beyond health care. Because of that, everyday realities often control whether people live in health or in illness, to a ripe old age or early death. Clearly, poverty affects some groups more than others. The relationships between social class and general well being are persistent and troublesome; even in the twenty first century, life looks different for those belonging to upper and middle social classes compared to the lower social classes (Parsons 1942: 7).
Healthism cannot replace ethics. If one substitutes healthism for ethics, then one’s worldview centers around health instead of morality and virtue. Barbara Ehrenreich observes in her essay “The Naked Truth about Fitness,” that fitness becomes an idol to some. She poses that healthism can lead to a change in one’s thoughts; one may veer from striving for morality to desiring improvement of the body. Therefore, healthism distorts one’s perception of morality.
Because health has redefined morality, and fitness determines “goodness,” then individual perception of health determines whether someone is “good.” Ehrenreich states, “It’s easy for the middle-class fiber enthusiast to look down on the ghetto dweller who smokes cigarettes and spends her food stamps on Doritos and soda pop.” (Ehrenreich, 2014, p. 349) A person’s health does not determine their virtue. Some have little control over their fitness. Often, health stems from environment, “It’s one thing to give up smoking and sucrose when life seems long and promising, quite another when it might be short and brutal.” (Ehrenreich, 2014, p. 349) Some people have less opportunity for fitness; those who do have opportunity then judge those people. For virtue to come easier for some than others does not function well. The divide, with a direct correlation of wealth and morals, does not work. The perception of “good,” before “healthism,” saw morality as a non-physical. The religion of health discovers morality in the
Society endures strenuous workouts and healthy diets to appear morally advanced. Ehrenreich states, “‘Commit to get fit!’” is the current slogan, the verb reminding us of the moral tenacity that has become so elusive in our human relationships” (Ehrenreich, 2015, p. 4). Since society values control, maintaining a physical standard provides a sense of superiority. The shift in society’s value from empathy to self-image leads to an elitist perception which impairs relationships. Ehrenreich believes, “…, healthism tends to reinforce longstanding prejudices” (Ehrenreich, 2015, p. 6). A dysfunctional and selfish culture results from undervaluing relationships. A lack of empathy and an increase of elitism amongst social classes causes
However, in general, most Americans are overweight. In fact, the United States has the highest obesity rate in the world with over 30% of Americans are considered obese. Add to that that less than 15% of Americans exercise on a regular basis. Studies have shown that sedentary people have twice the risk of coronary artery disease than active people. The life-style of the American public has become more sedentary and has been identified as a major contributor to the 10 leading causes of death (Harris…). The health habits associated with this sedentary life-style have been shown to be related to diseases su...
Those who are at the bottom 20 percent don’t have access to things like health care and proper education. Health care is a major issue in most cities in America. While watching the movie “Poor America” there was a scene when the people making the movie decided to film outside a center where doctors and dentists would be performing free services. The line was extremely long and people would be camped outside just so they could see a doctor. Many people who were there had serious injuries and sicknesses and hadn’t seen a doctor or a dentist in a very long time. One gentleman in particular was so sick that the doctors strongly suggested he go to the emergency room, that his sickens could be fatal. However at the end the gentlemen refused to go to the emergency because the medical bill would be extremely
Dubois, Mikael. “Response to Should People with Unhealthy Lifestyles Pay Higher Health Insurance Premiums.” Journal of Primary Prevention. New York: Penguin, 2011 32-27. Print.
...things like Hamburger or sausages, than to peel and boil potatoes, cook vegetables and make a meatloaf. Finally, poor people don’t have enough money to join fitness centers. Fitness centers as everyone knows, cost a lot. Especially that he or she needs a personal trainer, which will also coast them much more money to pay. In addition to that, anyone who joins a fitness center needs to go on a certain diet, and this means those poor people need to buy healthy special food, which they certainly can’t afford.