Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Formulating Macroeconomic Policies
Macroeconomic policy debate
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Formulating Macroeconomic Policies
The Limits to Macroeconomic Policy
A country’s economy represents an equilibrium driven by the vast workings of many moving parts. Some of these parts include governments, policy makers, trade partners, international investors and banking authorities. Today’s technological advancements have made it easier than ever for monies to traverse national borders quickly and efficiently. This capability facilitates inflows and outflows of capital in response to signals. Not all of these signals are economic yet the effects can have a devastating impact.
Assessment
Economic crisis has precipitated many changes throughout the course of history. Whether it is the great depression of the 1930’s, the Latin Debt crisis in the early 1980’s or more recently the financial collapse of the U.S. housing market in 2007, crisis precipitates change. Changes within macroeconomic policies surrounding monetary, fiscal or political programs are adjusted to reverse negative trends and sustain long term positive growth. There is a sort of yin and yang balance to economic policies evolves and cycles through a continuum of consumption and conservation (Cervone & Shoda, 1999).
A country attempts to optimize the balance of consumption and conservation, in order to maximize productive economic growth. The primary drivers used to change economic outcomes are fiscal and monetary policies. These policies are adjusted based on trends associated with consumption and conservation patterns. Policy makers, whether government or independent (e.g. Central Banking Authorities such as the Federal Reserve), evaluate risk factors associated with these trends, in conjunction with historical events, in order to prevent negative economic outcomes. These idiosyncratic ...
... middle of paper ...
...is and change in both monetary and fiscal policies toward the betterment of economic outcomes.
Works Cited
Cervone, D., & Shoda, Y. (1999). Yin and Yang of the Japanese Self. The Coherence of Personality (). New York: The Guilford Press.
Lee, C. (February, 1992). The government, financial system, and large private enterprises0in the economic development of South Korea. World Development, 20. Retrieved May 2, 2014, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X9290098G
Gerber, J. (2011). International economics. (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice
Limitations of Macro Economics. (n.d.). Economics Exposed. Retrieved May 2, 2014, from http://economics-exposed.com/limitations-of-macro-economics/
South Korean Education Reform. (n.d.). . Retrieved May 2, 2014, from http://asiasociety.org/education/learning-world/south-korean-education-reforms
Throughout Eveline Adomait and Richard Maranta’s Dinner Party Economics there is continuous discussion surrounding the problems that economies face around the world and the various methods that can be used to alter the state of the current economic conditions. Changes in consumer spending patterns can become a problem for the economy as a whole, potentially resulting in over-inflation or recession. Implementing discretionary policies such as monetary policy through changing interest rates, and fiscal policy through taxation and government spending, makes it possible to fix these economic problems.
The financial crisis of 2007–2008 is considered by many economists the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. This crisis resulted in the threat of total collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world. The crisis led to a series of events including: the 2008–2012 global recessions and the European sovereign-debt crisis. The reasons of this financial crisis are argued by economists. The performance of the Federal Reserve becomes a focal point in this argument.
This paper aims to discuss the Short-Term and Long-Term Impacts of the Great Recession and
December of 2007 saw the beginning of the worst economic downturn in memorable history; not since the end of the Great Depression in 1939 has the world seen such a devastating and long-lasting economic breakdown. The Great Recession shook the public’s faith in the capitalist system and silenced those who claimed a modern economy was impervious to another broad collapse like the one in 1929. Discontent and mistrust from the public has built not only with large corporations and the financial sector, but also with the government, whose legislature and policies in recent decades seem to coincide with the interests of private corporate power-houses. These lenient policies contributed directly to the recession that affected individuals across the globe. Stunted wages, increased poverty, massive income inequality, and unprecedented unemployment rates are just the start to a long list of consequences that continue to grow as the effects of the Great Recession continue to be felt by individuals all over the world.
..., monetary and fiscal policy will work in different ways. People aren’t stupid and they aren’t super intelligent; they are people. If the government uses an activist monetary and fiscal policy in a predictable way, people will eventually come to build that expectation into their behavior. If the government bases its prediction of the effect of policy on past experience, that prediction will likely be wrong. But government never knows when expectations will change.
Understanding Gross Domestic product is central for understanding the business cycle and the progression of long-run economic growth (Hubbard & O’Brien, 2011, p. 631). The GDP is defined as the value-added of all goods and services produced in a given period of time within the United States (2008). The GDP is widely used as an gauge economic wellness and health of the country. What the GDP represents has a hefty impact on nearly everyone within our economy. As an example, when the economy is healthy, you will usually see wage increases and low unemployment as businesses demand labor to meet the increasing economy. The government has two types of economic policies used to control and maintain a healthy economy, fiscal policy and monetary policy. When economic growth is healthy it will have a positive on both individuals and businesses.
Suzuki, Tomi. Narrating the Self: Fictions of Japanese Modernity. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1996.
Revival following the crisis just when the vulnerabilities in the financial sector have been addressed without endangering the fiscal sustainability. The crisis resolution actions generally involve costly government reorganization of private sector’s and the financial sector’s balance sheet. This can have a long-term negative effect on the public debt levels. Besides,
This essay seeks to explain what are monetary and fiscal policy and their roles and contribution to the economy. This includes the role of the government in regulating the economical performance of a country. It also explains the different features and tools of monetary and fiscal policy and their performance when applied to the third world countries with a huge informal sector.
Eichengreen, Barry. Globalizing Capital: A History of the International Monetary System. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.
The term Monetary policy refers to the method through which a country’s monetary authority, such as the Federal Reserve or the Bank of England control money supply for the aim of promoting economic stability and growth and is primarily achieved by the targeting of various interest rates. Monetary policy may be either contractionary or expansionary whereby a contractionary policy reduces the money supply, reduces the rate at which money is supplied or sets about an increase in interest rates. Expansionary policies on the other hand increase the supply of money or lower the interest rates. Interest rates may also be referred to as tight if their aim is to reduce inflation; neutral, if their aim is neither inflation reduction nor growth stimulation; or, accommodative, if aimed at stimulating growth. Monetary policies have a great impact on the economic stability of a country and if not well formulated, may lead to economic calamities (Reinhart & Rogoff, 2013). The current monetary policy of the United States Federal Reserve while being accommodative and expansionary so as to stimulate growth after the 2008 recession, will lead to an economic pitfall if maintained in its current state. This paper will examine this current policy, its strengths and weaknesses as well as recommendations that will ensure economic stability.
Singapore as a country has had various transformations throughout its history, however the period 1950 and 1970 was quite critical. Much of these changes had a lot to do with the development of trade and manufacturing. This is without forgetting the financial sector where the intention was to come up with a financial hub that could be used in economic development. Looking at the case of Singapore, we would say that it is a productive economy with a very high market competition. This observation has been further clarified by the Swiss International Institute for Management Development, going with their report that they released in the year 2001 (Chellaraj & Mattoo, 2009). In this study, we intend to evaluate the case of political economy of development in Singapore and examine the tensions between the state and various economic institutions. In additions to examining this institution, we would also like to examine how these variables have contributed towards the attainment of favorable growth rates and economic prosperity.
Everyone has their own political leaning and that leaning comes from one’s opinion about the Government. Peoples’ opinions are formed by what the parties say they will and will not do, the amounts they want spend and what they want to save. In macroeconomic terms, what the government spends is known as fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is the use of taxation and government spending for the purposes of stimulating or slowing down growth in an economy. Fiscal policy can be used for expansionary reasons, which is aimed at growing the economy and increasing employment, or contractionary which is intended to slow the growth of an economy. Expansionary fiscal policy features increased government spending and decreases in the tax rates as where contractionary policy focuses on lowering government spending and increasing tax rates. It must be understood that fiscal policy is meant to help the economy, although some negative results may arise.
The Social Studies Help Center (n.d.). Monetary and Fiscal Policy. Retrieved November 5, 2011, from http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/eco_mon_and_fiscal.htm
The liberalization of capital developments and deregulation, particularly of fiscal administrations, prompted a spurt in cross-border capital flows. The globalization of financial markets has triggered a rapid growth in investment portfolio ...