In Peru the Inca were culturally unique people. They not only had the capacity to develop a very complex writing system. There was an ability to develop a vast and diverse empire with a strong economic backing. In this discussion will be the explanation of the Inca People. How they were able to develop such a large empire in a land that was not only challenging but so drastic in it 's landscape and terrain. The explanation of the origins of Andes people and the dynamics of their culture and government.
The center of Peru has an elevated highland with six valleys of that are fertile with wooded land. (Mckay. 321) These elevated lands are called the Andes, with the origins of some of the first civilizations living in a 250 mile stretch
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The term Inca actually originates from the name of the governing family that came out from the basin known as Cuzco. The largest of the valleys was, Titicaca, Huaylas, and Cuzco. (Mckay. 321) With each Moche valley, there was a primary focal point with a ceremonial center and settlements surrounding the area with up to ten thousand residents. As the Inca believed their rulers were descended from divinity, they revered their leaders with a godhood …show more content…
(Mckay. 322) To further push and reward things such as bravery and conquest, the Inca, gave incentives for nobles who were victorious in gaining new territory and lands for the state were granted extra wives, servants, herds of lamas, precious metals such as gold and silver, and other symbols that recognize an elevated status. (Mckay. 322) Soldiers were even granted the capacity to be elevated to nobility if they distinguish themselves in battle through acts of courage and success. As the Inca became the dominant force in the later years, under the rule of Pachacuti Inca, he and his successors brought into the fold, 16 million different people of ethnic diversity. (Mckay. 322) To maintain a greater control of the empire, the Inca developed a superior system of roads that allowed the directives of the ruling class to communicate to the surrounding provinces. People that were brought into the fold were forced to adopt the Inca language. (Mckay. 322) Forcing the local populace to adopt the language and the religion of the state allowed the creation of uniformity in culture and communication. Another procedure the state commenced was transferring the locally subdued inhabitants to different parts of the empire to help curb the possibility of a rebellion. (Mckay.
Through the study of the Peruvian society using articles like “The “Problem of the Indian...” and the Problem of the Land” by Jose Carlos Mariátegui and the Peruvian film La Boca del Lobo directed by Francisco Lombardi, it is learned that the identity of Peru is expressed through the Spanish descendants that live in cities or urban areas of Peru. In his essay, Mariátegui expresses that the creation of modern Peru was due to the tenure system in Peru and its Indigenous population. With the analyzation of La Boca del Lobo we will describe the native identity in Peru due to the Spanish treatment of Indians, power in the tenure system of Peru, the Indian Problem expressed by Mariátegui, and the implementation of Benedict Andersons “Imagined Communities”.
The Incan Empire was older than the Aztec empire and included over five million people before the Spanish arrived. The strength of the empire was impressive considering most of the empire's terrain was mountainous and they had only llamas and people to transport goods. One of the systems that the Incas had in place that allowed their road systems to flourish was that every young poor male had to work for their government building villages, roads, etc. After the Spanish arrived, many Incas died from disease. It is believed that the similarities between the Spanish religious and political systems and the Mesoamerican political/religious systems allowed for an easier takeover of the empires for the Spanish. The Spanish had originally come to the "New World" in search of gold and they found little of it, however, they found a surplus of silver, especially in the mountain practically made of silver in Peru. The responsibility of mining for the silver fell to the natives, despite the mercury poisoning and the deadly conditions in the mines. Spain did eventually become rich from the silver, but inflation and the cost of their wars left them damaged. China had also suffered inflation after they developed paper money and they changed their tax system to require that taxes be paid in silver, which meant their people gave up agricultural jobs for jobs that usually involved silk (which paid in
Inca women autonomy was destroyed by empirical conquest. There was an inherent loss of feminine spirituality with every re-mapping of the empire’s boundaries. They lost their powerful female deities and were repaid with gendered predetermination. Men allowed conquest to detach them from the Inca belief system of balance and equality that pre-dated any need for expansion. Conquest hierarchy was enforced and unquestioned. An all though the Inca political people gained power, they lost social harmony.
The Inca civilization started around 1200A.D. and was found in the Andes mountains in what is now Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile.
them. A logical explanation can be granted through the mixture of Peru’s society and the
The Inca government was one of the most efficient and complex of ancient history, Spanish conquistadors could do nothing but stand in awe while contemplating the complexity in their society. Mostly because Spaniards found many tangible resemblances between Spain's monarchy and the structural hierarchy in which the “antiquated” Incan Empire revolted around. The Incas consolidated a strong Empire based on coercion and rewards over conquered tribes that served a centralized power in Tahuantinsuyo. They were maintained in check through appointed representatives and tax collectors who were empowered to carry out punishment for crimes,
The Ancient Aztec government got its structure from units of society that existed long before the Aztec empire was founded. Families didn't individually own land, the land was owned by a group of families, called the calpulli. This structure of local government existed long before the Aztec empire. The head in the calpulli would be responsible for the basic needs of the group. The Inca were able to keep control over their vast empire by using of a number of techniques and practices that assured either cooperation or
...c used a slash and burn style of farming and they relocated once the nutrients of the land were used up. The Incas were much more advanced. Labor specialization was common, especially in the large densely populated areas like Cuzco. The Incas made roads, had irrigation channels, fortresses, and mines. They used crop rotation and terracing and other advanced agricultural methods.
Many arguments have occurred over the centuries since the Spanish marched into the Andean highlands and took over the Incan empire, over whether the Incan's were part of an ideal human society, or just a group of tyrannical rulers. While the Incan society had created a stable political, economic, and social system in the Andean world it was far from being an ideal society. On the same note, the Incan's were not tyrannical rulers, did not exploit their subjects or take away their land for no reason. The reading entitled "Was Inca Rule Tyrannical?" discusses this argument about the Incan empire, tries to classify the form of government the Incan's lived under, and searches for the truth about what the Incan empire was really like. The truth about the Incan empire lies somewhere between the romanticized views, and the views meant to justify the Spanish conquest, while it is impossible to classify in modern terms the form of government the Incan's had.
The Incas cared for everyone in their kingdom; supplies and health needs were distributed to all who needed the attention, regardless of monetary standings, as long as they worked. Laziness was not heard of among the Incas. Work had to be done and everyone pitched in to help, even the lords. Their system cared for everyone and made a seemingly happier, better kingdom. The rich were not allowed to wear fancy, elaborate clothing because they were aware that the poor members of society could not indulge in such extravagance. The only exception to this rule were “the rulers and the headmen, who, to maintain their dignity, were allowed great freedom and privilege”
Society in the Incan Empire was made up of clans and families who lived and worked together. The social structure of the Incas had the Ruler and his wives at the top. Then came the High Priest and Army Commander in Chief. Next were the Regional Army Commanders, then the Temple Priests, architects, administrators and Army Generals. Next were the artisans, musicians, army captains and the...
Stuart, Schwartz B. "World of the Incas, Main Page." World of the Incas, Main Page. History World International, 2002. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. .
Patterson, Thomas C. "Tribes, Chiefdoms, and Kingdoms in the Inca Empire.” Power Relations and State Formation (1987): 1-15,117-127.
In conclusion, this research paper was all about the Nazca Lines and the Nazca Indians and also where they were located, how they lived, and why the Nazca Indians created the Nazca Lines. There is also many details about the theories on the Nazca Lines based on how they got there, and how the Nazca Indians created them. There are many more details about the Nazca Indians and what some of the lines form. Also, there are details about how they got water and how they grew the crops and what they ate to survive in the Peru desert for so long.