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Interest groups and policy making
How interest groups affect politics
Interest groups and policy making
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Question #1
After the 2000 presidential election there was great uproar surrounding the supreme court taking on the Bush v Gore case. It had many americans questioning whether the supreme court should have any input on determining the election. Supreme Court Justices have more well thought out opinions on controversial issues than that of the american public. Justices are appointed by presidents and are appointed in the notion of furthering presidential agenda past the the one to two term presidency. This allows for presidents to give the court a partisan leaning, depending on the appointed justice. Years after the landmark decision was made justices admit it was a total mistake to hear the case in the first place. Author Ernest Dumas explains Justice Sandra Day O’connor’s thoughts on the case “The court, she said, probably should have refused to accept the appeal: ‘We're not going to take it. Goodbye.’”. With the evidence that has result of the 2000 election, it was a truly vital mistake in american history. Which has caused america to feel the repercussions for years to come. When Supreme court justices are admitting a mistake it is clearly a mistake that majority of america can comprehend. This decision represents the growth in supreme court influence in recent years. Dumas communicates that the decision to elect President bush was “far-reaching”. In this manner the supreme exceeded its purpose of judicial review and made decisions on based its own partisan views rather than for the greater good.
Question # 3
George W. Bush’s had an anti same sex marriage stance. This reflected public opinion of the early 2000’s. America was not ready for any reform relating to same sex marriage during this era. It was not until recentl...
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...957, 1964, and 1968, in addition to the Voting Rights Act of 1965.” The NAACP has been so powerful in changing our social mindset of racism that it was instrumental in minorities gaining equality in every shape and form. The NAACP is a blueprint for the amount of success interest groups can have. Interest groups will continue to be relevant as groups of americans are being discriminated against . Interest groups assists the most unfortunate americans and the compensation for the rights they deserve.
Works Cited
Dumas, Ernest. "Judges Admit Error." Arktimes.com. N.p., 7 Nov. 2013. Web. 16 Nov. 2013.
Irizarry, Lisa. "NAACP Chief: Why Group Remains Relevant." Burlington County Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2013.
Schwartz, John. "Between the Lines of the the Proposition 8 Opinion." Nytimes.com. The New York Times Company, 26 June 2013. Web. 18 Nov. 2013.
Ida B. Wells continued the fight against mob violence and lynching to the end of her life. She showed us the way towards achieving real social justice by participating in the founding of the NAACP -- the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People -- in 1909. This alliance of whites and blacks represented a new stage in the crusade to stop racial violence and inequality. The great legal, moral, and political victories won by the NAACP and the civil rights movement stand as proof of one of Ida Wells' deepest convictions. Wells understood that justice could not be fully achieved without interracial cooperation.
After many more suits were filed, oral arguments in Bush v. Gore were brought before the US Supreme Court on December 11, 2000 by lawyers representing both sides. Due to the nature of the case, the court gave its opinion only 16 hours after hearing the arguments. Bush’s representation questioned, Does recounting in Florida violate the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment to the United States Constitution? Because all the votes were being counted unevenly, with standards varying from county to county, recounts in counties where he could have majority were not being conducted. Bush argued the decision went against the Constitution stating “nor shall any State.
Among the many solutions of racial inequality, African American mutual aid and benefit societies were created. For instance, The National Negro Business League that was established by Booker T. Washington in 1900 aided black-owned businesses and eventually flourished into a multitude of branches by 1907. Mary Ovington founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACp) in 1909, which worked toward abolishing segregation and discrimination and gain civil rights for African Americans. The NAACP was a vital stepping stone toward the Civil Rights Movement of 1955 because it publicly emitted the message of racial equality to various crowds of people, accumulated many members over the course of a decade, and solved racial issues throughout the Jim Crow era. The commencement of the National Urban League also worked to improve job opportunities and housing for blacks citizens (Cayton et al 567-568.) The societies and aids that contributed to the dawning of the Civil Rights movement in 1955 fought for racial equality and led to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, or gender and eventually established the Voting Act of 1965 that banned
The civil rights movement saw one of it’s earliest achievements when The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) (founded in 1909), fought to end race separation in the case of Brown Vs. The Board of Education. The court thereby rejected the “separate but equal” doctrine and overturned the case of Plessy vs. Ferguson. Public schools were finally integrated in the Fall of 1955.
In 1922, the Anti-Lynching Bill was passed and this ensures people are equally protected in any state as well as punishing the crime of lynching. In addition, the organization challenged segregation laws as well as racial inequality. In time, this organization demonstrated the effects of segregation and in 1954 the Supreme Court “declared segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional” in the case of Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka. As society continues to move forward, I believe there is still a lot of work that needs to be done in regards to a many barriers of equality for
Although the conclusion of the Civil War during the mid-1860s demolished the official practice of slavery, the oppression and exploitation of African Americans has continued. Although the rights and opportunities of African Americans were greatly improved during Reconstruction, cases such a 1896’s Plessy v. Ferguson, which served as the legal basis for segregation, continue to diminish the recognized humanity of African Americans as equal people. Furthermore, the practice of the sharecropping system impoverished unemployed African Americans, recreating slavery. As economic and social conditions worsened, the civil rights movement began to emerge as the oppressed responded to their conditions, searching for equality and protected citizenship.With such goals in mind, associations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which came to the legal defense of African Americans and aided the march for civil rights reforms, emerged. By working against the laws restricting African Americans, the NAACP saw progress with the winning of cases like Brown v. Board of Education, which allowed the integration of public schools after its passing in 1954 and 1955. In the years following the reform instituted by the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education, the fervor of the civil rights movement increased; mass nonviolent protests against the unfair treatment of blacks became more frequent. New leaders, such as Martin Luther King, manifested themselves. The civil rights activists thus found themselves searching for the “noble dream” unconsciously conceived by the democratic ideals of the Founding Fathers to be instilled.
The rise of the NAACP, was in effect long before the first members came together as a unit, the spirit of freedom was already being heard through the cries of those lynched, forced to endure public disgrace and ignorance through like of education, the American Negro. Before the first letter was typed, the spirit of writers such as August Meier, and John Hope Franklin were being purged through the blood of their fallen comrades. Yet being in the ground, their voices cry out what does it take for a black man to receive justice as free men. In the spirit of the rise of the NAACP, there were many challenges and obstacles they had to confront, lynching, the Jim Crow laws and educating newly freed slaves of their worth in this hostile society. It is my hope that the voices of Moorfield Storey, Mary White Ovington ans W.E.B. Du Bois will show the validity of the NAACP as a platform to the success of people of color, yesterday, today and whenever needed.
This movement led to the creation of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The leaders of the NAACP often criticized Washington. Webb Dubois opposed Washington’s methods regarding black discrimination. Washington believed the only way to end racial segregation against blacks in the long run was to gain support and cooperation with Whites. Dubois wanted full equality immediately.
According to James Madison’s Federalist #10 a faction was a group of citizens, either large or small, who came together and act on common grounds for the rights of other people and/or their community. He believed that we as citizens naturally broke up into factions because of differences in opinion especially political ideology. Also Madison expressed that the distribution and collection of riches and property is so unequal that it causes the development of common faction. Although stating that factions are more of an inevitably harmful thing he does believe that they still are a way for the people to express their viewpoint to their government. Madison does argue for the control of factions, which he proposed in two ways. One of his methods
The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People and National Urban League, founded in 1909 and 1910 respectively, were established to serve the growing needs and pressing concerns of African-Americans at the time. The issues were basically of integration and equality. The period of Reconstruction had seen constitutional reform but proper interpretation and implementation was still unrealized. By the late 1800s the southern states were again led by white supremacist interests and segregation was comprehensive and legal: the Jim Crow system.
Since the early twentieth century, the NAACP pursued avenues of legal change in order to gradually dismantle Jim Crowism. By the middle of the twentieth century it
The history of the NAACP is one of blood sweat and tears. From bold investigations of mob brutality, protests of mass murders, segregation and discrimination, to testimony before congressional committees on the vicious tactics used to bar African Americans from the ballot box, it was the talent and tenacity of NAACP members that saved lives and changed many negative aspects of American society. While much of its history is chronicled in books, articles, pamphlets and magazines, the true movement lies in the faces---black, white, yellow, red, and brown---united to awaken the conscientiousness of people, and a nation.
President George Bush strongly opposed gay marriage along with most of America 's past and present legislators and politicians. For instance, Minnesota state senator Paul Koering openly came out the closet and admitted being gay when in the past he had voted against the attempted marriage amendments for gays to be legal to unify. Today, more than 35 states have legalized gay marriage. Homosexuals are adopting children because they cannot have one. They take children who were once starving and living in the streets, or abandoned, and take good care of them. I 'd rather see a child with a loving gay couple than to see it sleeping in the street with nowhere to go. Government officials in both state and national offices oppose these laws because if they allow same-sex marriage to occur, they will lose large amounts of votes and supporters will be appalled. The future looks grim for gay marriage with the conservative republicans holding office. Furthermore, legalizing same sex marriage can cause a chain reaction of hostility and violence. Many anti-gay organizations, some resembling the infamous Ku Klux Klan of the 1920’s, will form and be on the doorstep of same-sex couples. This may also perhaps create an international clash and cause other countries to view America more immoral than we already appear which makes gay marriage legalization even more difficult to
The significant impact Robert Dahl’s article, “Decision-Making in a Democracy: the Supreme Court as a National Policy-Maker” created for our thought on the Supreme Court it that it thoroughly paved the way towards exemplifying the relationship between public opinion and the United States Supreme Court. Dahl significantly was able to provide linkages between the Supreme Court and the environment that surrounds it in order for others to better understand the fundamental aspects that link the two together and explore possible reasoning and potential outcomes of the Court.
Lastly, the Civil Rights Movement was also responsible for the advancement of civil rights for African-Americans from 1880-1980 because of the Nation Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP). William Du Bois and other black activists formed the NAACP in 1909. The aims of the organisation were “to make 1,000,000 Americans physically free from peonage, mentally free from ignorance, politically free from disenfranchisement, and socially free from insult.” By 1919 the NAACP had 90,000 members in 300 branches. It also challenged white supremacy, especially the segregation laws, and made black Americans much more aware of their civil right, particularly the right to vote. The NAACP also campaigned against the practice of lynching