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American identity and american culture essay
American identity and american culture essay
Identity development
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Mary Louise Pratt, a college professor at Stanford, came up with the term contact zone and described it as, “social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other” (Ways of Reading 319). We all must go through contact zones in our lifetime whether that means getting a job at a diverse company or being exposed to new cultures at school. We all must go through contact zones to help society overcome racist tendencies. I have gone through many contact zones starting on my first day of kindergarten, going to new schools, and finally learning about new cultures from people at work. The earliest contact zone that has stuck with me was my third-grade classroom. It was apparent from the very first day I would be learning about new cultures. the Board of Education schools were legally segregated. This helped create a hateful America that was very neglectful of treating different people with respect. The Civil Rights Movement managed to help end this segregation at a costly price. Many lives were lost and things damaged due to the clash in this contact zone. The African-American culture managed to leak through the barriers set around the culture and eventually overwhelmed the culture zone. After seeping through the obstacles, the African-American culture successfully made it into mainstream media and people finally realized they weren’t so different than anyone else. The drawback of all of this would be that African-American culture would not be socially accepted by everyone until the 90s where many public figures were African-American such as Magic Johnson, Michael Jordan, and Will Smith. With excellent advertisement techniques from Nike, Michael Jordan successfully made many people who aren’t African-American come to admit that you don’t have to be Caucasian to be influential. This was groundbreaking in the progress needed to eliminate the hatred that was still felt in the 80s. The final steps of eliminating hatred is exposing everyone to a contact zone from a very early
Communities are where groups of people can come together and unite as one. For example, I am a member of the University of North Dakota’s student body, but I’m also a member of the Grand Forks community. Being in the group of students at the University of North Dakota allows me to be in touch with fellow members in my group but, having the group exist in the community of Grand Forks allows students to be able to interact with the community. The community of Grand Forks creates contact zones all the time. The easiest ones to think of are the sporting events here. People from all over the country attend UND and some have never seen a hockey game before. Coming to UND allows those students to embrace the culture from the community of Grand Forks. Next, another example of the Grand Forks community creating a contact zone is when things like the fry feed are held. The fry feed is an event for the potato bowl where people from all over the area come together to celebrate UND football and learn about the culture existing for everyone in Grand Forks. Finally, Grand Forks has concerts and events at the Alerus Center. These concerts and events vary and as a result people from different backgrounds each get a little thing they like. Various events like a country concert help conversation get started between people about the different cultures they may have come from. This is helping the community come
A community is comprised of a group of goal oriented individuals with similar beliefs and expectations. Currently the term is used interchangeably with society, the town one lives in and even religion. A less shallow interpretation suggests that community embodies a lifestyle unique to its members. Similarities within the group establish bonds along with ideals, values, and strength in numbers unknown to an individual. Ideals and values ultimately impose the culture that the constituents abide by. By becoming part of a community, socialization...
Before the Civil War, blacks suffered oppression: slaves to the white man and unable to prosper as individuals. However as Marilyn Kern-Foxworth, author of Aunt Jemima, Uncle Ben, and Rastus: Blacks in Advertising Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow, explains, “After the Civil War blacks existed free to begin their own communities… and become members of the buying public” (29). With the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which abolished slavery, and with the 14th Amendment, which established equal protection under the law for African Americans, the black community slowly saw improvements, including economic prosperity. However, even then, they confronted discrimination and humiliation. For instance, many “advertisers created campaigns [using] blacks in their advertisements but in demeaning postures that appealed to the white majority” not African Americans (29). The early 1960s marked a critical time for advancement; the Civil Rights Movement with its boycotts and marches demanded real equality. African American leaders called Jim Crow Laws into question and insisted on the integration of schools, businesses, and public transportation. As Brian L. Goff, Robert E. McCormick and Robert D. Tollinson explain in their piece, “Racial Integration as an Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Sports Leagues,” “the civil rights laws and court rulings in the 1950’s and 60’s are among the major changes in public policy that gradually led to a breakdown of Jim Crow rule in the American south” (16). This pivotal moment within American history provoked profound changes in the ways Americans interacted with each other.
In 1954, The Brown vs. The Board of Education decision made segregation in schools illegal. New York City’s attempt to integrate the schools was unsuccessful, leaving them more segregated than before.(Podair 30) By 1966, New York City’s black communities were unhappy with the Board of Education’s control of their school districts because of its repeated unsuccessful attempts at integration. Many white groups, like the Parents and Taxpayers Organization, were also frustrated with the current system and called for “The Neighborhood School.” It was their discontent that motivated the community control of the Ocean Hill Brownsville school district. Because of the city’s civil rights movement and their support from many influential people and groups, the district was granted control .(Podair 82)
movement of African American students into predominantly white neighborhood schools and the mixing of two separate but legally equal peoples.
The movie Crash examines the interpersonal communications that exists between different groups’ of people. In this film, characters are highlighted by the contact that occurs when disparate people are thrown together in large urban settings. Crash displays extreme instances of racism and shows how the thought, feeling, and behavior of individuals are influenced by actual, imagined, or implied presence of other human beings. My analysis will focus on Social Cognition and how people process, and apply information about other people and social situations.
People do not acknowledge the struggles that African Americans had to endure for them to be treated equally, the way a true American is supposed to be treated. One of the ways they were not treated equally was by not being able to participate in sports with whites. From the beginning of our nation, colored people were highly disrespected and treated as if they were some type of animals, which have no say in what happens to them. They were not given any opportunities and were treated harshly because their skin color was different. Whites were able to practically do anything they wanted, unlike blacks, who were racially discriminated or beaten for no apparent reason. African Americans were among the worst treated races in the US; however, this did not stop them from fighting for the rights that so many had died for. It seemed as if black people would never be treated respectfully, but just like in comic books, there is always a hero that will fight for his people. This hero soon came to the scene and he was fierce enough to change the lives of many people. Most importantly, he broke the color barrier and created a path that would allow others to follow. However, something that was inevitable was the threats and racial remarks they had to face.
experiencing or questioning this perpetual segregation. However, this is the point at which we discover the double-bind. The minority feels secluded, aggravated, and feels as though it is their duty to always confront micro aggressions. When you do not speak in opposition to the aggressions, it is only letting segregation to persist. Yet, if you ...
The Jim Crow Era took a merciless approach for young Black children who strived to begin their education in a plethora of ways. For example, schools for Black youth were incredibly overcrowded and students outnumbered desks resulting in a very cramped learning environment. Perhaps, this could be overlooked if students had been taught the same curriculum as White children, but they were not. Learning curriculum excluded ideas of freedom and liberation (Brooker). The Jim Crow Era limited people from new, innovative ways of thought by limiting their learning. However, this was not true in the Jazz Age, in fact, the 1920’s are known as the decade of Progressive Movement in Education. This term was coined after a new philosophy took over nationwide, a philosophy that was focused more on the student than on the teacher. This philosophy that quickly planted itself in schools around America included two main areas: respect towards diversity and a serious development in the realm of critical thinking. These new ideals directed students closer to a more successful academic career (“A Brief Overview”). In the Roaring 20’s, education was appreciated and a main focus unlike the Jim Crow Era where education was riddled by
Through out history education has been a topic of many concerns. Historically Black Colleges and Universities were established to try and provide freed slaves education they were not able to obtain. For African Americans in the 20th century attending school was a burden. The children had to withstand long walks to get to their designated schools, being denied classes that the white students had in their schools, outdated books and hand me down classroom materials. African Americans all across the United States fought for their kids rights to get a good education, education provided to white only schools. There was a period of time schools were able to legally deny a student acceptance into their institutions based solely on the color of their skin. Many African Americans tried and majority of them got denied. Students at all levels were being denied, from Pre-K all the way up to college. After many attempts to integrate schools parents of the children being denied education just like the white kids, they realized it would be easier to just build their own schools.
Race has been a controversial issue throughout history and even more so today. The idea of race has contributed to the justifications of racial inequality and has led to the prejudice and discrimination of certain racial groups. Race and racism were constructed to disadvantage people of color and to maintain white power in America. Today, race has been the center of many political changes and actions that have affected people of color. The idea of race has played a role in how people from different racial groups interact amongst each other. Interactions within one’s own racial group are more common than interactions among other racial groups, at least in my own experiences. Therefore, because I have been positioned to surround myself with people from my own racial group since a very young age, I have internalized that being around my own racial group is a normal and natural occurrence.
In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in the case of Brown vs. The Board of Education that schools needed to integrate and provide equal education for all people and it was unconstitutional for the state to deny certain citizens this opportunity. Although this decision was a landmark case and meant the schools could no longer deny admission to a child based solely on the color of their skin. By 1957, most schools had began to slowly integrate their students, but those in the deep south were still trying to fight the decision. One of the most widely known instances of this happening was at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. It took the school district three years to work out an integration plan. The board members and faculty didn't like the fact that they were going to have to teach a group of students that were looked down upon and seen as "inferior" to white students. However, after much opposition, a plan was finally proposed. The plan called for the integration to happen in three phases. First, during the 1957-1958 school year, the senior high school would be integrated, then after completion at the senior high level, the junior high would be integrated, and the elementary levels would follow in due time. Seventeen students were chosen from hundreds of applicants to be the first black teenagers to begin the integration process. The town went into an uproar. Many acts of violence were committed toward the African-Americans in the city. Racism and segregation seemed to be on the rise. Most black students decid...
Mary Louise Pratt wrote the essay “Arts of the Contact Zone” with the purpose of explaining that society would benefit if people were exposed to and understood the concept of “contact zones”. She refers to contact zones as social spaces where cultures meet and clash with each other, usually with one culture being dominant over the other. A person living in a contact zone is exposed to two different cultures, two different languages, and as a result is presented with a struggle in each culture to maintain themselves. From being surrounded by several different cultures, people begin to integrate the concept of transculturation—a process in which subordinate cultures evolve by taking things from dominant, more advanced cultures, and make it their own. She also calls to attention the error of assuming that people in a community all speak the same language and all share the same motives and beliefs. Pratt insists that education and society must be reformed in such ways that introduce people to the principles of contact zones in order to gain mutual understanding of each other and acquire new wisdom. In order for this mutual understanding to be achieved, the subordinate cultures that exist need to be able to make their voices heard; this leads to the improvement of society as a whole.
Community is like a Venn diagram. It is all about relations between a finite group of people or things. People have their own circles and, sometimes, these circles overlap one another. These interceptions are interests, common attitudes and goals that we share together. These interceptions bond us together as a community, as a Venn diagram. A good community needs good communication where people speak and listen to each other openly and honestly. It needs ti...
I was aware of these oppressions and have often times struggled with what I can do individually to work towards alleviating these oppressions. The Next Steps portion of the chapter on racism really outlined methods of actions that could be applied to all forms of oppression. One method entitled “FLEXing Cross- cultural Communications,” outlines productive communication, depersonalization, and open- mindedness when it comes to understanding and practicing competency. This model serves as a tool to motivate action to those form other cultures in ways that in the end everyone can
A Community can be defined as a group of people who don’t just live in the same area, but also share the same interests, experiences and often concerns about the area in which they live. Often when individuals have lived on a street or in an area for a while they become familiar with each other and the issues surrounding them. Children often attend the same schools and grow up together, again sharing similar experiences. In some instances adults may work together, and quite commonly all community members will share the same doctors, dentists, hospitals, health visitors and other public services and facilities.