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Three theories of management
Three theories of management
Three theories of management
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In the article entitled “The Human Side of Enterprise” by Douglas Murray McGregor , McGregor stated that industry has fundamental know how to utilize physical and technology science. The conventional view of management consisted of three propositions which are called Theory X (Shafritz & Hyde,2012).
-Management is responsible for organizing the elements of productive enterprise which are material, money, and people interested in economic.
-With the respect to people this is a process of directing their efforts, them controlling their actions , and modifying their behavior.
- Without this activate intervention by management , people would be passive, even resistant to organizational needs.
It is some benefits to the conventional theory which are the average man is by nature indolent, he lacks ambitions, he is by nature resistant to change. It is also two different approaches to management is hard
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The first concept of needs is physiological needs. Man’s needs are to have the ability to be organize . The best way to be organize is hierarchy. At the lowest level , it is important for person to have pre-eminent. A person at the lower levels needs to provide a shelter and food . Another need to that needs to fulfill is safety needs. A man’s need to feel safe from danger, threat , and deprivation. In organization , employees needs to feel safe from discrimination and unpredictable administration . Social needs is another aspect a person need in business. A person needs to belong by accept from their co-workers, and management. It is also important for manager to motivate their employees . Ego needs are important as well. It is important for employee to have high self -confidence and self -esteem . Employees needs to have self-fulfillment ( when a person discovered potential). It is important for person be motivate because they will have confidence to complete
The classical approach to management was the result of an effort to develop a body of management thinking, and the management theorists who participated in this effort are considered the pioneers of management study. The classical viewpoint emphasises efficiency in managing work and organisations in order to increase production (S. C. Certo & S. T. Certo, 2006).... ... middle of paper ... ...
Management can be described as getting things done through people'. This means that there must be a manager to control and motivate these people or human resources. While there are many different styles of managers and management techniques the management theories are most important. Management theories describe certain behaviours that are renowned for achieving the goals of the business. The four main management theories are classical-scientific, behavioural, political and contingency. These all have various styles, outcomes and have many similarities and differences when put into practice in a business environment.
Today’s era of business world adapts to everything new but these modern concepts are an indirect tribute to the theories produced by Taylor, Fayol, Mayo and Weber. Taylor’s Scientific management theory is one such example which has become such an important aspects of modern management that it feels unbelievable that his concepts were a part of the history. It is falsely assumed that as the society progresses, the older theories tend to lose their importance. The thing to be noted here is that these theories are based on basic human needs which do not change with time; the thing that changes is the method to fulfil those needs. Investigating earlier management theories is important because these theories are less complex and provide immediate solution to the problems. These theories basically help us to go to the root of the problem and understand its complexity. The better understanding we have about the problem, the easier it is to accomplish the objectives of the company. The following essay states the importance of the Taylor’s Scientific management theory and how it is implemented even today in the business world.
Management is the pursuit of achieving organizational goals and ideals with the work of people with similar ideals. Using this combined effort to plan, organize, lead and use the organizations resources to achieve their goals. Management is also the process of assessing and hiring new employees, while also making sure to keep all the employees in tip top shape. With selective training sessions and motivational tools, management can help the employees to be the best employee they can be. They are also in charge of keeping important records on all the resources the company uses, such as how much stock they buy that year, or the deprecation on the machines or building; and then plan next years goals around what they find. While also being a large part of human resources department that helps employees if they have a problem or need to talk to someone.
The three main needs that people learn and which serve as motivators in organisations are: achievement; affiliation and power. Once they are learned, these needs may be considered as personal predispositions that influence the views that people have towards work situations and that influence their perception of certain goals.
The classical management perspective represents the first well-developed framework of management (Davidson. P. et al, 2000). It’s the framework from which later theories evolved and concerns efficiency and productivity, which in turn leads to effective and efficient management. Scientific management and the Administrative theory are both classical management theories, which provide information on managing in the workplace, which are very useful and vital to have in the workplace. These theories are very different in many ways as they both have different purposes when managing in the workplace although there are one or two similarities, which illustrate its importance in the workplace. Both these theories contribute greatly to the understanding of management in many ways and can impact on contemporary management practices. The following analysis will further explain the classical management theories, which are scientific management, and the administrative theory. In analysing scientific management and the administrative theory one gains a greater knowledge of management and how it contributes to the workplace. It will then go onto comparing and contrasting the two theories and how they contribute to the understanding of management. And finally it will go into the importance, if any, for contemporary management practices. Through scientific management and the administrative theory one is able to understand management in the workplace and the importance of the theories.
Management works through functions such as planning, organizing, leading, directing, staffing, controlling/monitoring, and motivation. These functions will make management to produce strategies and assemble resources to monitor outputs and to lead operations. (Mintzberg's Management Roles, n.d.)
Management is an important element of an organization which coordinates organizational activities and its future plans. It adopts the whole organization to its environment and shapes it up to make it more suitable to the organization itself. Its main work is to organize,plan,actuate and control which are done to accomplish the company objective.
Classical Management Theory: The classical theory was first introduced in 1900’s by F W Taylor and Henry Fayol. This theory recognize the role of management plays in particular organization. They state machine like properties of organization and their purpose is to define the limited goals of the organization. So, that the production process of organization in such a way so that they achieve organizational desired goals. This theory is less flexible to make any change. In this labors are considered as another factor for production.
There are several theories that examine an organization and it’s approach to managing work in an effort to develop efficiency and increase production. Two classical approaches to management are Taylor’s scientific management theory and Weber's bureaucratic management theory. Both men are considered pioneers of in the study of management.
In addition, each business manager who seeks to improve their skills and abilities to be related to the knowledge and the application of management theories. Management theories are realised to help increase organisational productivity and service quality, create the successful business model. The theories have divided into scientific and classical management theories.
Human behavior is caused by the various needs. What drives us humans to pursue these needs and goal is a terminology called Motivation. But how do we define our needs? Eventually, a scientist named Abraham Maslow developed his model on 5 levels of biological needs, as motivators called Hierarchy of need; which is defined as self-actualization, esteem needs, belongingness, safety needs, and physiological needs. In this case, if I was a manger applying this terminology to motivate my employees would help bring out their best overall performance.
In conclusion, management have to be flexible as it manages human beings whose behaviors are always unpredictable because they go individually different socio-economic status, needs and perceptions. Management deals with the complex problems about which may require to go though a lot of principles have been derived out of experiments, observation and enquiry. Invention and improvement of theories in every discipline is a continuous process.
The concept of management was radicalized from the golden age of the Industrial Revolution; the economic influences of Adam Smith coupled with the philosophies of David Hume colluded to define modern day economics. The classical management theory advanced from its infancy stage throughout the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain. Its conception is accredited to the works of Frederick Taylor, pioneer of productivity theory, Max Weber, architect of the hierarchical structure of power, and Henri Fayol, father of the 14 principles of management (Walonick). The classical management theory encompasses productivity and the division of labor by amalgamating employee efficiency and output in a hierarchical structure to maximize marginal revenues (Business
NEEDS:- an unsatisfied needs creates tensions which affects the efficiency of the work. If the individual needs are not fulfilled; it might get reflected in his work. So an organization needs to take care of the individual needs in order to get the maximum out of employee.