The History of Crime and Its Evolution

Explaining Criminals and Crime. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury. Agnew, Robert 1992. "Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency" in Criminology 30(1): 47-87. Burton, Velmer S. and Francis T. Cullen.

USA. Rumbelow, 1988, Petharick 2009 Woodworth and Porter (2001) Shone, R. (2008) Solving Crimes Through Criminal Profiling. Rosen Publication Group. New York. Douglas, J.E.

White-Collar Criminality. American Sociological Review , 1-12. Valentino, S. (2008). White Collar Criminal Defense. Retrieved from Crime USA: http://www.crimeusa.com/White_Collar_Crime.html Young, J., Taylor, I., & Walton, P. (1975).

Traditionally one thinks of the local mafia or gang when thinking about organized crime, but in the current day and age organized crime can also mean transnational crime (Albanese 3). Albanese defines transnational crime as a “law violation that involved more than one country in its planning, execution, or impact (3).” A recurring term in the research is globalization These broad definitions create many topics to examine. The examination of organized crime is especially important today, because it has changed as much as technology in the past two decades. Organized crime has become such a problem that in 2012 the Congressional Research Service created a report for congress entitled Organized Crime: An Evolving Challenge for U.S. Law Enforcement. This paper will examine the current literature on organized crime, transnational organized crime, as well as enforcement issues that have come with the globalization of crime.

One of the most straight forward arguments for the reintroduction of the death penalty for murder, is that once an offender has been executed they are obviously unable to kill again. (Hudson 1996.) A study by Bendall found that in the 17 years before the death penalty was abolished eleven police officers were murdered. He then studied the 17 years after the death penalty was abolished and found that twenty-seven police officers were murdered, which is more than double the figure than before. Therefore this is evidence that the abolition of the death penalty resulted in an increase in the rate of murders.

Public perceptions of white-collar crime and punishment. Journal Of Criminal Justice, 36(1), 50-60. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2007.12.006 Podgor, E. S. (2007). The Challenge of White Collar Sentencing. Journal Of Criminal Law & Criminology, 97(3), 731-759.

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Opening This paper will propose two definitions of crime based on the consensus paradigm and the conflict model of crime. Then it will describe a specific type of crime which is murder. This paper will also apply three high profile cases to my specific crime type. It will talk about how rational choice theory and deterrence theory is consistent within my cases. Last, this paper will Definition One of the major problems that persist in our “structured society” is crime.

(n.d.) What is a Crime? Retrieved from https://www.federationpress.com.au/pdf/Lanham%20Ch1A.pdf Henry, S. & Lanier, M. M. (1998). The prism of crime: Arguments for an integrated definition of crime, Justice Quarterly, 15:4, 609-627. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418829800093921 Oxford Dictionaries. (2014).

‘Lectric Law Library. 9 Nov. 1999 *http://lectlaw.com/files/imm05.htm* Kirschten, Dick. “Supply and Demand.” Government Executive 31 (May 1999): 16. Marley, Bruce Robert. “Exiling the new felons:The consequences of the retroactive application of aggravated felony convictions to lawful permanent residents.” San Diego Law Review 35 (1998 Summer): 855-895.