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Ap art history ancient greece
Eassay about greek art
Ap art history ancient greece
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The Golden Ratio
Certain pictures, objects, and animals appeal to the human mind more than others. Proportions and images of symmetry often contribute to our fascination with them. Often, when examined carefully, you may find a common “coincidence” between man made objects and those found naturally in nature. This fluke, however, may be used to ascertain various mathematical relationships between these objects. This paper will introduce the golden ratio and weigh its significance on math, art, and nature.
1.6180339887…. has been given many names varying from the “golden ratio” first coined by the Greeks, to the “golden rectangle” and “golden section”, “phi” named after Phidias a renowned Greek sculptor, as well as the “divine proportion” conceived by Leonardo da Vinci. (Blacker, The Golden Ratio) Simply put, the golden ratio is the length to width of rectangles used in art and nature. This ratio is considered to be the most agreeable arrangement, mathematically and artistically, to the eye.
Perhaps the first to use the golden ratio were the Egyptians. Many (if not all) of the pyramids were made with the golden ratio kept solely in mind… as if they were made only using the ratio. Later, the Greeks began using it in their architecture as well as their sculptures. Phidias and others popularized the golden ratio by basing their achievements on it. The Parthenon, specifically, as well as several other buildings and sculptures were the subject of which the ratio has left its mark.
The Greeks and the Egyptians were by far not the only people to have been affected by the number. Famous painters and mathematicians have also recognized the ratio’s significance.
Perhaps the most famous and blatant use of the gol...
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...rt. New York: Dorling Kindersley, 1994.
Blacker, Steve and Jeanette Polanski and Marc Schwach. “Golden Ratio: Fibonacci in Nature.” Dec. 8, 1999. http://www.geom.umn.edu/~demo5337/s97b/spiral.html
Blacker, Steve and Jeanette Polanski and Marc Schwach. “Golden Ratio.” Dec. 8, 1999. http://www.geom.umn.edu/~demo5337/s97b/art.htm
Brown, Kevin. “Math Pages: The Golden Pentagon.” Dec. 11, 1999. http://www.seanet.com/~ksbrown/kmath153.htm
“Fibonacci & The Golden Ratio.” Dec. 8, 1999. http://www.aegsp.br/hs/fib/
Knott, Dr. Ron. “Fibonacci Numbers and Nature.” Dec. 8, 1999. http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibnat.html#Rabbits
Snyder, Brian Joseph. “The Golden Mean – The Golden Section.” Dec. 7, 1999. http://www.netreach.net/people/waterboy/phiratio/
Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. New York: Prentice Hall, 1999.
[IMAGE] ½ (a2 + b2) times it by the ratio of its real area to a
The ratio is explained simply like this. According to the Adonis Golden Ratio review the distance between your head and navel is about 1:1.618 of the distance from your head down to your fingertips. As mentioned earlier this is the same formula that artist like Leonardo da Vinci used with another equally gifted artist/architect. This is the measurements that captures women attention whether they like it or not. There is something pleasing about looking at the male physique that looks nearly flawless and
Geometry, a cornerstone in modern civilization, also had its beginnings in Ancient Greece. Euclid, a mathematician, formed many geometric proofs and theories [Document 5]. He also came to one of the most significant discoveries of math, Pi. This number showed the ratio between the diameter and circumference of a circle.
The mid-fourteenth century Black Death created panic and fear among Western Europe, causing the population to react violently. The primary document, Flagellants Attempts to Ward Off the Black Death, 1349, discusses a witness’s account of the flagellant movements that spread through Western Europe as a result of the Black Death. The flagellant movements were confraternities of men and sometimes women that came together in procession in order to repent their sins through flagellation or self-penance. Many of the flagellant movements became heretical and exemplified violence as the confraternities led the persecution of the Jews. This paper will analyze the interpretations historians have regarding the severity of the flagellant movements and persecution of the Jews during the Black Death in order to determine if the violent movements were justifiable.
When most people think of the Black Plague, the persecution of the Jews is not the first thing that enters into their mind. John Aberth, the author of The Black Death describes this unusual, unknown fact when he says “scapegoating of minority groups seems to be a common calling in times of crisis, and medieval Christian society during the Black Death was no exception” (Aberth 117). By saying this, Aberth is comparing the persecutions of the Jewish population during the Black Death to other judgments that have been laid upon minority groups throughout history. This pattern is very common during tragedies such as the plague because it is human nature, especially during this time period, to place blame on someone or something. But, why exactly did the blame of the Black Death fall on the European Jewish people’s shoulders? By focusing on the horrific treatment of Jewish people during the Plague, I will show that the Christians used the Plague to diminish their debt to the Jews, specifically by the murder of Jews throughout Europe.
Those who were against the expansion feared that it would heighten the slavery issue and threaten the Union. Mainly, the North was known for its anti-slavery movements and chose not to cooperate until slavery was finished. However, the South encouraged the practice of slavery by stating that it was a “white southerners” source of a labor force. Nevertheless, on the upside of...
This paper will discuss three specific instances: Le Sacrifice, Psappha, and Metastasis. The first principle that I will discuss is the Golden Section. The Golden Section can be found in art and architecture dating as far back as the Parthenon, as well as different places in nature, such as the nautilus shell. The Golden Section is essentially a proportion that is established by taking a single line and dividing that line into two separate sections of unequal lengths, one quite longer than the other.
...tellectus. However, while painting in the ratio he noticed some things were more beautiful to paint than others. Ratio is what caused him to not enter through the gates of heaven. He had not preserved his intellectus or true beauty of things. He had lost intellectus through realization of time, of time slowing. So, instead of letting time go he grabbed it which brought him to reason his paintings through the mind rather than the spirit.
are said to be in the same ratio, the first to the second and the third to the
A successful civilization is portrayed though art; it is a luxurious pastime that shows wealth and time. During the Renaissance, the production of art was long-standing. New techniques and characteristics emerged as well as masterpieces that were made by some of the most influential artists in history. During the Gothic and Romanesque periods, the techniques used for art were not as realistic as the Renaissance; they were flat, one-dimensional, and unproportional. During the Renaissance however, the concept of proportion, perspective, chiaroscuro and sfumato was formed. Proportion is the technique of having a greater understanding of portraying objects or people accurately. Marcus Vitruvius Pollio was a Roman author, architect, mathematician and doctor who described the ideal proportions of a human during his time. He set out certain measurements and values of the human body, for example the pa...
The question that Leonardo Fibonacci solved with Fibonacci Numbers was about rabbit reproduction. The question was asking, “Suppose a newly-born pair of rabbits, one male, one female, are put in a field. Rabbits are able to mate at the age...
It is constructed by taking an equilateral triangle, and after many iterations of adding smaller triangles to increasingly smaller sizes, resulting in a "snowflake" pattern, sometimes called the von Koch snowflake. The theoretical result of multiple iterations is the creation of a finite area with an infinite perimeter, meaning the dimension is incomprehensible. Fractals, before that word was coined, were simply considered above mathematical understanding, until experiments were done in the 1970's by Benoit Mandelbrot, the "father of fractal geometry". Mandelbrot developed a method that treated fractals as a part of standard Euclidean geometry, with the dimension of a fractal being an exponent. Fractals pack an infinity into "a grain of sand".
The history of math has become an important study, from ancient to modern times it has been fundamental to advances in science, engineering, and philosophy. Mathematics started with counting. In Babylonia mathematics developed from 2000B.C. A place value notation system had evolved over a lengthy time with a number base of 60. Number problems were studied from at least 1700B.C. Systems of linear equations were studied in the context of solving number problems.
Throughout the centuries, artists have used the golden ratio in their own creations. An example is “post” by Picasso. When using a golden mean gauge you can see that the lines are spaced to the Golden Proportion.
Abstractions from nature are one the important element in mathematics. Mathematics is a universal subject that has connections to many different areas including nature. [IMAGE] [IMAGE] Bibliography: 1. http://users.powernet.co.uk/bearsoft/Maths.html 2. http://weblife.bangor.ac.uk/cyfrif/eng/resources/spirals.htm 3.