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Problem statement of surrogate motherhood
Surrogate motherhood essay
Dilemma surrogate mother
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Surrogate Motherhood “The first recognized surrogate motherhood arrangement was made in 1976. Since the late 1980s, surrogacy has been more common: between 1987 and 1992, an estimated 5,000 surrogate births occurred in the United States.” (Surrogate) Surrogacy is most commonly known as a relationship where one woman bears and gives birth to a child that is either for a person or a couple other than themselves. Surrogate motherhood can be accomplished in multiple ways, such that a man’s sperm can be inserted into the surrogate mother by a certain procedure called Artificial Insemination . Another way to surrogate motherhood is where the mother can produce fertile eggs but cannot go through with the pregnancy all the way until birth due to certain …show more content…
There are a lot of steps and things to consider before you begin the surrogacy process as well as during the process. First, one must have been trying to conceive and having difficulty becoming pregnant or are unable to carry a healthy pregnancy all the way through. There are two types of surrogacy that someone must consider: traditional surrogacy and gestational surrogacy. A traditional surrogacy is when the woman becomes pregnant with her own egg and a gestational surrogacy is when the woman is donated an egg. “Gestational surrogacy is much more common than traditional surrogacy these days, because it allows a wide range of different individuals and couples who need reproductive assistance to biologically parent a child.” (When) The next step to think about is whether or not the parents want to go through the surrogate process with an agency or independently. Going through with an agency during this process will help you not have to worry about the finances and legal issues that one must encounter if tackled independently. There are two different types of agencies that you can depend on: large agencies and smaller agencies. The only issue with the different agencies is that there is a big price difference between the two and there are also certain things that each agency will do for you. “Basically, a large agency "holds your hands" throughout the entire process, including assisting you when the baby is born. Expect to pay around $120,000 for a large agency, which includes insurance coverage for the surrogate.” (Step) Smaller agencies will help you along the way but there are some things during the process that you will have to do yourselves, therefore why it is less expensive than going through a larger agency. The last option would be that you go about it independently where you find your own surrogate whether it be a
Surrogate pregnancy was talked about and questioned in the early 1970’s but was not put into practice until 1976. The first case documented actually comes from the bible. It was the story of Abraham and Sarah. Sarah talks about her experience with infertility. She then turns to Hagar, her handmaiden, and asks her if she would carry their child for them since she was unable to. Hagar was their maid so in a way it was a command, not exactly a favor or question.
“Time to Ban Surrogate Motherhood,” written by Lynda Hurst and “Surrogate Motherhood: Why it Should Be Permitted,” written by Allan C. Hutchinson, are persuasive texts where the authors’ attempts to influence the audience to agree with their side of the argument on surrogate motherhood. According to The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, surrogate motherhood is defined as, “a woman who bears a child for another person, often for pay, either through artificial insemination or by carrying until birth another woman's surgically implanted fertilized egg.” Since the persuasive works are published in different newspapers, one being The Toronto Star and the other being The Globe and Mail, the works are written for different target audiences. Comparing the articles of Lynda Hurst and Allan C. Hutchinson, numerous differences between the elements of tone and the types of structure define the target audience.
Ruby L. L (2009). New Trends in Global Outsourcing of Commercial Surrogacy, Hastings Women's L.J.,Vol 20:2,pp276-277
Aside from including medical complications, there are psychological risks for the surrogate, future psychological risks of the child, lack of trust between surrogate and intended parents, etc. Women may have psychological reactions when being surrogate mothers that include depression when surrendering the child, grief, and even refusal to release the child. This can be seen in the iconic Baby M case. In the Baby M case, a traditional surrogacy was arranged between the Sterns and Mary Beth Whitehead. All went smoothly until the last few months of the pregnancy, when Whitehead began acting on her own. After bearing the child, she had a very difficult time surrendering the baby, and returned the next day saying she was suicidal because of it. (Baby M and Mary Beth Whitehead. Surrogate Pregnancy in Court) She threatened to kill herself and the baby if she didn’t get to keep her. Whitehead had kept the baby for months after childbirth while the trial was taking place. There was an ongoing struggle between Whitehead and Mr. Stern, the two biological parents each wanting custody, and they developed a sort of odd relationship, acting as though they are a couple. In the testimony, Whitehead and Stern discuss the fate of “their” baby, completely disregarding Mrs. Stern, who was the intended mother. (Surrogacy: Baby M) The issue with traditional surrogacy is that the intended mother has no biological nor physical tie with the child. It can cause an identity issue for the child and problems in the future for the parents, saying that only one of the intended parents is actually biologically related to the child. The technological solution to that problem is gestational surrogacy, but that has issues of its own. Gestational surrogacy involves a surrogate implanted with the fertilized egg(s) of the intended parents through IVF. IVF has its own list of ethical issues and risks, but for the sake of simplicity, IVF involves some medical risks.
I would have said that it was a generous and thoughtful act of kindness for a surrogate to be willing to help a couple bring a child into this world. I would have never thought deeply about some of the moral and ethical aspects of surrogacy, until now. I have been married for almost four years, and I believe in the unity of marriage and the idea of becoming one. After reading Cahill’s argument on surrogacy, and reflected on my own moral values, I immediately took a stance to agree with her. I believe that when it comes to a child, the best interest of the child should be a top priority. I am not a mother, but I am very passionate about children, and find their lives to be so precious. Parents should always have the child’s best interest in mind when making choices regarding their child’s life. A surrogate may be doing it as an act of kindness, and that may be her intention. However, I agree that surrogacy brings a dualistic element to the relationship. I know that as a married woman I would never hire a surrogate to bear my child, nor be a surrogate to carry someone else’s child. I want children, but I would never want to be treated as the means to an end, and I would not want my child to be considered a commodity. I strongly agree with Cahill in that a binding moral obligation does come with certain choices, even if we did not choose them in the first
The advancement and continued developments of third-party assisted reproductive medical practices has allowed many prospective parents, regardless of their marital status, age, or sexual orientation, to have a new opportunity for genetically or biologically connected children. With these developments come a number of rather complex ethical issues and ongoing discussions regarding assisted reproduction within our society today. These issues include the use of reproductive drugs, gestational services such as surrogacy as well as the rights of those seeking these drugs and services and the responsibilities of the professionals who offer and practice these services.
For this assignment I interviewed my sister, who is a 48 year-old female that has only 1 child. My sister is a prior member of the armed services. She became a single parent at the age of 27, after her military career. As, she adjusted to the role of motherhood she had to endured several traumatic situations within her personal and professional life but most of all within her parental life. In being a single mother, she stated that she had a lot of regrets and alterations that she wished were in place prior to her becoming a parent. The most prevalent of which is that of having a spouse that supports and encourages her. Since, she was without the support of the father of her child, she was forced to make ends meet on her own. This struggle
It can be unquestionably devastating to find out you cannot have a child on your own, that is why many people look into and go through with having a surrogate mother. There are numerous issues to take into consideration when deciding if surrogacy is right the right choice. Major problems include ethical, legal, and social issues with the process of surrogacy. When the surrogate mother carries the baby, her body and mind goes through changes, there are times when the surrogate mother feels like the baby is hers, especially when going through the traditional surrogate method because it is her own egg that is being used. The surrogate mother has trouble detaching herself from the baby during and after the pregnancy. There is also dispute that the process is considered baby-selling, because of the payment the surrogate receives. The second problem that appears is legal issues, one being, having to adopt the baby after he or she is born to fully gain custody of the child. Surrogacy is also illegal in some states and countries, making it extremely difficult for people wanting to have a child who physically cannot. Lastly, social issues emerge when surrogacy topic is brought up. Some people believe adoption is the best option if you cannot have a child on your own. Others believe people that choose to be surrogate mothers are just doing it for the payment at the end of the process. After researching information about
Surrogacy is becoming extremely popular as a way for people to build their families and women to have a source of income. Many people have various reasons for their opposition to it whether it be by comparing it to prostitution or disagreeing with how military wives take advantage of the Tricare insurance. Lorraine Ali states in her article “The Curious Lives of Surrogates” that one of the more popular reasons to oppose surrogacy is that it contradicts, “what we’ve always thought of as an unbreakable bond between mother and child.” However, a woman’s inability to conceive her own children does not determine the absence of a mother to child bond.
Gestational surrogacy, especially when it involves commercial surrogates, challenges the status quo in the ethical theory of reproduction, because with this technology the process of producing a child can no longer remain a private matter. Now a public contract exists between two parties, the couple and the surrogate ...
The two myth of motherhood that supports the information on this interview are “Motherhood is the ultimate fulfillment of a woman. It is natural and necessary experience for all women. Those who do not want to mother are psychologically disturbed and those who want to but cannot are fundamentally deprived” (Crawford, 2011, p.263). This myth supports the information on this interview because infertile couples or couples that have a hard time conceiving children fly to India from all over the world to hire women in India as surrogate mothers. Mother is the ultimate fulfillment of a woman and that is why couples
Arguments against commercial surrogacy typically revolve around the idea that surrogacy is a form of child-selling. Critics believe that commercial surrogacy violates both women’s and children’s rights. In addition, by making surrogacy contracts legally enforceable, courts will follow the contract rather than choose what is best for the child. However, in her article “Surrogate Mothering: Exploring Empowerment” Laura Pudry is not convinced by these arguments.
Most young people envision their future in the realm of getting married and creating a family. One of the most devastating things that can happen to a young couple is to be told they cannot have children. There are several options the couple can pursue, and one of those options available is surrogacy. Society today is torn on whether or not surrogacy should be legal in today’s world. Surrogacy is very controversial for many people around the world, and opinions are strong on the subject. Surrogacy is defined as the utilization of a third party female in order for a infertile family to create a biological child for their family. Legalized surrogacy is important to many couples as an option of creating the family they have always dreamed
“ Being a Motherhood is a choice you make every day, to put someone else's happiness and well-being ahead of your own, to teach the hard lessons, to do the right thing even when you're not sure what the right thing is...and to forgive yourself, over and over again, for doing everything wrong.” MMMMM. Being mother is one of the most blessed and the most challenging job in the world. Giving birth to a new life and making it walk through the new world holding its hands showing a good trail makes a mother victorious in her life. In this modern world women’s attitude against pregnancy and being a mother is changing accordingly. There occurs so many miscarriages and maternal death during the pregnancy. A woman should be physically, and more over mentally set to have a baby in her womb. Considering the biological fitness of health it’s said that safer age to be get pregnant is in between 20 to 29. Early pregnancy in the teenage age of 13 to 20 and the delayed motherhood age after 35 is challenging to the health of mother as well as the birth of the child causing currently social issues India.
All mothers, especially first time mothers need help moral support and advice during the first few days after their delivery to ensure proper care of their newborn. The care and help given to first time mothers is of utmost important during this period as to maintain the normality in their babies as well as to prevent any further complications. Typically all pregnant women are counseled during their antenatal period on how to prepare themselves mentally on the care of their babies after birth. Upon delivery, majority of the mothers would stay for a short period in the hospital. During this short stay, they would need time to recuperate, need to know what care to give their baby and how to carry out the care and also learn what to do if their baby is feeling unwell. Thus it is important for health care providers to assist first time mothers be it at the hospital or at home since it is a crucial period for them and they often requires more help and moral support especially when it comes to the proper care of their newborn. ("Routine care of a newborn baby")