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The European Invasion of the Aztec Civilization
Thunder on their Ships
They are landing with rulers, squares, compasses
Sextants
White skin fair eyes, naked word
Thunder on their ships.
Leopold Sedar Senghor, “Ethiopiques” (Adas)
“Thunder on their ships” can be used to describe Herman Cortes when he landed at what is now Veracruz, Mexico in 1519 A.D. The light skinned and bearded Spaniard led his men into territory occupied by the Aztec civilization. Little did Cortes know, but that happened to be the same year in the Aztec culture when a white and bearded deity was expected to arrive. Montezuma, the Aztec’s ruler, greeted Cortes with honors fit for a God and opened up his empire for Spanish invasion. Cortes and his followers, equipped with the most up to date technology of the time, successfully caused the demise of the Aztec civilization. However, the most contemporary weaponry and technology did not solely destroy the Aztecs. Smallpox, a deadly disease introduced to the Americas by Spanish soldiers, infected the non-immune natives who died rapidly after exposure (Ehrlich, 253). This epidemic swept through the Aztec population, decreasing numbers from twenty-five million to six million (Ponting, 230). The European invasion of the Aztec civilization is just one of many examples of how European expansion affected the world. For centuries, Europeans were the leaders of expansion and exploration to many areas of the world. However, expansion of other, less researched civilizations, such as the Aztecs, occurred on a much smaller scale. The differences between the movement of the Aztec people and the Europeans as well as their effects on the environment are directly correlated to cultural and technological factors of both...
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...ferent cultures and lifestyles influence the movement and effects of civilizations and their environment worldwide.
Sources
Adas, Michael, “Machines as the Meaure of Men: Science, Technology, and Ideologies
of Western Dominance”, Cornell Univ. Press 1989, pp. 1-35.
Cipolla, Carlo M., Epilog from “Guns, Sails, and Empires: Technological Innovation and
the Early Phases of European Expansion, 1400-1700” Sunflower Univ. Press,
1996, pp. 132-148.
Ehrlich, Paul R., “Gods, Dive-Bombers, and Bureaucracy” in “Human Natures:
Genes Cultures, and the Human Prospect” Island Press, 2000, pp. 253-279.
Ponting, Clive. “The Changing Face of Death” in “A Green History of the World.” St.
Martins Press, NYC, 1991, pp. 224-239.
Teresi, Dick, “Lost Discoveries: The ancient roots of modern science”’, Simon and
Schuster, 2002, ISBN 0-684-83718-8, pp. 325-367.
"The Broken Spears" by Miguel Leon-Portilla gives a different perspective on the defeat of the Aztecs. Through reasons such as religion and culture beliefs, the Spanish technological advancement, and their strategy of gaining alliances in the new land contributed to the defeat of the Aztecs. The two factors that played the biggest roles were the poor leadership of Motechuhzoma and the timing of the plague. Those two factors were indeed what brought down this great Empire.
It is the 1450s. Foreigners have invaded your land, and they’re capturing the citizens living there for their lethal rituals. (Doc. A) You are unlucky enough to find yourself kidnapped, along with your family. Your mother is taken away quickly, but your father is forced to become a human sacrifice for the Aztec gods. What does this mean, exactly? According to The History of the Indies of New Spain by Friar Diego Duran, your father’s chest is severed, and his heart is taken out of his body. This is all while he is still awake, and before the time of pain medication. He slowly bleeds to death on the temple stairways - and you’re watching it all. This sounds terrible, does it not?
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Both the Spaniards and Aztecs reinvestigated their religions as a result of their encounter and conquest. Understanding the context of both the Spanish and Aztec cultures before their encounter and conquest is important to understanding the events of the conquest. This also sheds light on how both the Spanish and Aztecs learned about each other. They attempted to reflect frameworks from their own cultures onto the new one;
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August 13th, 1521 marked the end of a diabolical, yet genius group of leaders. They were referred to as the Aztecs. They were an extremely advanced ancient civilization. The Aztec’s were overthrown by the Spanish, yet we still haven’t forgotten the Aztecs. But since their culture was so complex it’s hard to know what is the most necessary thing to study when it comes to them, especially when their were so many things that defined their culture. The Aztecs were highly religious and believed in human sacrifice. They also had a complex method of farming called chinampas. This grew an extremely large amount of food per year by using canals. This was extremely successful because of how complex it was. When asked if historians should emphasize agriculture
The history of the Western hemisphere is full of war and conquest. One of the most significant and defining of those conquests is the downfall of the Mexica/Aztec Empire. While there are many other events to choose from, this one stands out since it was one over one of the largest empires in Central America. It is also important to look at because of the immense cultural impact it had. The story of this takeover reads like a movie script, a small band of Spaniards single handedly takes down the most powerful empire in Central America. It was an epic battle, which unfortunately led to the destruction of a magnificent culture. As in any major historical event there are many underlying themes and storylines that come together to make the event happen. The Spanish conquest of the Aztec is no different. Three major themes are seen in this struggle. One of them is the incredible advantage that the Spaniards technology gave them over the Aztecs. A second major theme is the greed that fueled the conquests in the New World. The last major theme was the effect of the political divisions and rivalries within Montezuma’s Central American Kingdom. As this historical event progressed each one of these themes began to intertwine until they became an almost unstoppable force.
For our art assignment last week, we made collages. It was a very fun and enjoyable activity, but for this week I am going to describe someone else’s collage. Today I will be describing Brandy Corsaro collage. It has a great detail and is very creative. It has a lot of originality to it and other aspects. First the collage is cut into a white circular shape with red lines, which is a baseball. I interpreted that the style of which it was cut and the symbol meant that they play the sport or have a involvement within the sport. The pictures that this person included in her college are very unique and show a lot of different sides. In the first top of the collage it included pictures of puppys/dogs, the coast, food and exercising. This tells
At this point the cubist artists stared to experiment with foreign objects, and made the background subjects of the work just as important or significant as the subject in the foreground. They started to incorporate the use of more expressive colors, and pictures became more embellishing than they were before. They also began to experiment with textured patterned surfaces like cutouts, wallpaper, newspaper, sheet music, etc. Today the use of various different materials all together in one work is called collage. The use of collage in their art allowed Picasso to extend the style of cubism to sculpture. Before that period in time sculptures were modeled or carved to be precise, this introduction gave artists permission to make a sculpture out of anything they desired.
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...The last two reasons that the Aztecs were defeated had to do with the disease that the Spaniards brought with them from Europe mainly small pox and the Aztec warfare rituals. The Aztecs had never been exposed to this disease and therefore their immune systems could not beat it and it eventually claimed the lives of thousands of Indians not only the Aztecs. The Aztecs had many rituals that they performed and most of them had to do with human sacrifice and this was something unspeakable and unholy in the eyes of the Spaniards which only fueled their cause in killing them and stopping such barbaric acts. Also the Aztecs would perform rituals before declaring war which the Spaniards used to their advantage and caught them off guard with their immediate attack of Tenochtitlan. These were the most important factors that led to the eventual fall of the Aztec empire.
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