2.3.3 ERMt: Emergency Response Team Emergency response team (ERT) is the second element in ERMt that involves the requirement to have emergency action plans set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the regulations for an emergency action plan (OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.38, Employee Action Plans). It states that the emergency action plan covers the “designated actions that employers and employees must take to ensure safety from fire and other emergencies”. Under the category of “Training of Personnel”, employers have to designate and train certain personnel to assist in safely evacuating employees during an emergency (Ball, 2001; Pelechano and Badler, 2006). In Malaysia, ERT as in-house squad institute deals with …show more content…
(2010b) identify three factors (fire, human and building characteristics) as determiners of the degree of fire response performance as shown in Figure 2.13. The first factor is related to the fire features, which generates heat and smoke. This is been supported that the occupants only respond when they smell smoke or view the flames (Proulx, 2003) and people do not immediately react to verbal warnings or physical cues and delay their attempts in taking a protective action Kuligowski and Mileti (2009). Building feature is the second factor, in which people are present and activities are conducted in it. The third factor is related to human nature and behaviour of the individuals (personal) and groups of people (social and situational). Therefore, human behaviour during an evacuation is an important factor to be considered as the evacuation time is required and needs to be predicted accurately (Holmberg, 1997). Few researchers also mention on human behaviour during the wayfinding such as study on reaction and responses by (Pan et al., 2005; Kobes et al., 2010b; Raghavendra et al., 2011), modelling human behaviour by (King and Grant, 1992; Musse and Thalmann, 1997; Pires, 2005; Siikonen and Sorsa, 2010) and human way-finding by Raubal
The most pressing issue facing Detroit, in regard to fire, is the steady amount of burning vacant or delipidated buildings, and second to that is the high rate of home fires. For the purposes of this project, the capabilities of
Saunders (2012) states that the treatment of a breech delivery requires the paramedic team to work simultaneously and efficiently to perform several interventions. He states that the paramedic team should undertake a primary survey and introduce themselves to the patient on arrival. From the initial patient contact, the paramedics should begin providing reassurance to the patient and their family, both verbally and non-verbally (Saunders, 2012). Reassurance aims to reduce patient anxiety, create a rapport with the patient and encourage an environment of care, respect and understanding (Pincus et al., 2013). The paramedic team should complete a secondary survey, including vital signs and a complete patient history, particularly pregnancy relevant
Fire safety education is a crucial aspect of fire prevention. The general public needs to know how big of a threat fire is to them and how they can do things in their everyday lives to improve their safety, as well as preventing the threat of fire to begin with. The commission also realized that it was critically important that people know how to properly act once a fire has started. It is important that people have the knowledge to act quickly, safely, and effectively. When people don’t understand fire they can react in many negative ways such as panicking, not evacuating effectively, or by trying to fight a fire that they are not going to be able to extinguish. All these human reactions can decrease safety and end with tragic results. In the commission’s report they approximate that nearly 70 percent of all building fires were due to people acting carelessly because they did not understand the fire dangers that were present. The commission cited studies like one conducted in southeast Missouri. In the southeast Missouri community, a huge emphasis was put into public fire safety education because the fire death rate of the community was much higher than the national average. After increasing fire safety education in the community it was no surprise that the rate of deaths and injuries decreased
Haddow, G. D., Bullock, J. A., & Coppola, D. P. (2014). The disciplines of emergency management: Preparedness. Introduction to emergency management (Fifth ed., ). Waltham: Elsevier.
Good teamwork is important in a patient centred care. It is a team of health professionals who actively participate, cooperate, interact, communicate expertise, respect, trust and its main focus is to improve patient’s health (Miller, 2008, p.14). Also, the team includes the family of the client and the patient itself (Miller, 2008, p. 15). Therefore, all members have a role to play. For instance, in the nursing practice it involves health promotion and maintenance regarding patient’s health in order to decrease the impacts of negative outcomes (NMBA, 2010). Nevertheless, this can be maintained under the national competency standard (NMBA, 2010). Part of the national competency standard promotes professional responsibility, multidisciplinary approach, critical thinking and client care delivery (NMBA, 2010).
The first human factors problem I identify is the sparking electric night-light. It is the cause of the fire and thus it is definitely had the design problem from the aspect of human factor. Next is the design of installation of steel security bars at each and every window. Although the design of the steel security bars is to protect the residents of the house, it has a fatal disadvantage which is limited the escape action of the residents. The case study proposed a solution to it which is panic hardware. However, the house only installed one set of panic hardware and this indicated another human factor problem that occurred in setting up the security system of the house. Moreover, the one and only set of panic hardware in the house was required to be stomp harder for activation. This reflected poor human factor design of the panic hardware.
Mancock, I., Tristan, C. & Lunn, J., 2004, Introduction to Emergency Management, CD ROM, Charles Sturt University, Australia.
Emergency management is a career about managing risk that are both technological and naturally occurring. Though these two terms are synonymous with each other in-terms of modern conceptualization of disasters; this has not always been the case. In the developmental history of emergency management these two sources of disaster; were often seen as two completely independent sources of danger, and as a result the emergency management community encountered steep and costly learning curve in managing the hazards associated with these sources risk.
Haddow, G., Bullock, J., & Coppola, D. (2011). Introduction to emergency management (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Butterworth Heinemann.
Thousands of fires occur on a yearly basis throughout the United States. Whether it is forest fires, house fires, or any other event that involves uncontrollable flames, the outcome will always be the same; high amounts of destruction and physical damage. When fire emergencies occur, responding to the incident may not be much of a complication as apposed to determining the source from where the fire started or what triggered its behavior, which is truly the challenge. In order to do so, a fire investigator has to be present at the scene of the fire after it has been eliminated. The investigator, after reviewing any possible marks or behavior trails, will conclude if the incident was indeed an accident or intentional, thus making it an act of arson. According to the U.S. Fire Administration Topical Fire Research Series, “Arson is the leading cause of fires (267,000 annually) in the United States” (usfa.fema.gov). Arson cases are very complex due to the fact that it can be committed virtually anywhere and by anyone, including fire responders as well. The motives behind arson incidents can also be a very complex issue because it may have been used as a cry for help or simply as a mode of cognitive escape. Gathered reports indicate that the main reasons for arsons committed by firefighter personnel are to be viewed as a heroic figure, an escape from personal stress, financial gain purposes, excitement, or even revenge against the fire company and others.
Britton, N. (1999). Whither the Emergency Manager? International Journal of Mass emergencies and Disasters. 17(2): 223-35.
Perry, R.W., Prater, C.S., & Lindell, M.K. (2006). Fundamentals of Emergency Management. Retrieved from http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/fem.asp.
Emergency management has been described for the past three decades as a “four phase” process, involving:
Developing emergency training programs make sure that in case of an accident, workers know exactly what to do and act according to the emergency plan to avoid panic and confusion. Consistency in these training is important because it will keep the workers’ skill harp in how to deal with situations.
The increase in unpredictable natural disasters events for a decade has led to put the disaster preparedness as a central issue in disaster management. Disaster preparedness reduces the risk of loss lives and injuries and increases a capacity for coping when hazard occurs. Considering the value of the preparatory behavior, governments, local, national and international institutions and non-government organizations made some efforts in promoting disaster preparedness. However, although a number of resources have been expended in an effort to promote behavioural preparedness, a common finding in research on natural disaster is that people fail to take preparation for such disaster events (Paton, 2005; Shaw 2004; Spittal, et.al, 2005; Tierney, 1993; Kenny, 2009; Kapucu, 2008; Coppola and Maloney, 2009). For example, the fact that nearly 91% of Americans live in a moderate to high risk of natural disasters, only 16% take a preparation for natural disaster (Ripley, 2006).