Zinnia Morey
English 11
10 December 2015
McCarthyism is a campaign against declared communists in the US government and other institutions carried out under Joseph McCarthy during 1950-1954. Many of the accused were blacklisted or lost their jobs, even though most did not in fact belong to the communist party. “The Crucible” by Arthur Miller, was written during the time McCarthyism took place which explains the major similarities between the two. “The Crucible” had to do with people being accused as witches or doing witchcraft, although many of them were innocent of the crime. During McCarthyism, if people didn't confess being a communist,even though one were innocent it would result as a loss of a job, just as in “The Crucible” if the
The Crucible is a famous play produced by Arthur Miller in 1953, which is about a witch hunt that took place in 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts, but Arthur Miller talks more about McCarthyism and Communism in 1950s in this play by founding many parallels between the House Un-American Activities Committee”s crusade against supposed communist sympathizers and the seventeenth- century witch-hunt in Salem, Massachusetts. So in fact, although The Crucible is a play about the Salem Trail, it is more about McCarthyism. And because of its historical background, McCarthyism relates and effects The Crucible in many ways.
McCarthyism and The Crucible
The era of McCarthyism and the Crucible instilled terror within humans, followed by a series of accusations leading to a mass hysteria. Although, both eras shared a common theme witchcraft or communist witch hunts, they took place in separate time periods. However, they both had a similar characteristic of fear within the communities.
In 1950, Senator Joseph McCarthy gave a speech at the Republican Women’s Club of Wheeling in West Virginia, in which he claimed to have a list of 205 Communists in the State Department. A man by the name of Arthur Miller saw some similarities between this event, known as McCarthyism, and the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. Arthur Miller was able to subtly protest the rise of McCarthyism through his literary works, especially in his play The Crucible, because he understood the universal experience of not being able to believe that the people have gone insane. In the play The Crucible, Arthur Miller reconstructs and explores the relationship between Elizabeth Proctor and Abigail Williams, where Elizabeth is perceived as a superior person and Abigail
The similarity between Salem in 1692 and McCarthyism during the 1950’s was mainly because of Arthur Miller’s The Crucible. Miller wrote the play as a response to what he seen as a modern day witch hunt. Led by Senator Joseph McCarthy, the House Committee on Un-American Activities wanted to find and expose communist sympathizers in the U.S. Miller researched several historical records of the 1692 trials, the similarities between the destructive trial of Martha Carrier and those blacklisted by the House Committee can’t be denied. In the The Crucible those in power in the Salem hierarchy used their political position to make fear within the Salem turning neighbor against neighbor and destroying lives. According to Miller, the hearings led by
Allegories are stories that have more than one meaning. For example, The Lorax was about a boy who saves the world from destroying itself due to greed; the allegory for The Lorax is that in today's society people are greedy and don’t care about the environment. The Crucible by Arthur Miller is an allegory for the Red Scare in the McCarthy Era because they were both made of fake claims, fear, and false confessions.
In Arthur Miller’s “Why I Wrote The Crucible,” he parallels the Salem Witch Trials and the Second Red Scare to criticize the prosecution of suspected Communists in the latter. During the Red Scare conservative politicians, most notably Senator Joseph McCarthy, claimed that Communists had infiltrated the United States government. They used the resulting hysteria as well as hearsay accusations to mar their opponents’ reputations. Likewise, in Miller’s The Crucible, spectral evidence – which is a claim from the witness that the offender’s spirit has harmed them – is used to convict potential witches during their trials. Throughout these two works, Miller effectively links the witch trials to the hearings of accused Communists during the Red Scare and defends his modification of history except about the creation of Abigail Williams and John Proctor’s affair.
McCarthyism is the practice of making accusations of disloyalty or treason without proper regard for evidence. The term has its origins in the period in the United States known as the Second Red Scare, which refers to the fear of communism that permeated American politics, culture, and society from the late 1940s through the 1950s. Similarities between The Crucible and A Decade of Fear pertain to the bombshell dropped by the accusers and their fame that grew from their accusations. In both The Crucible and A Decade of Fear the accuser both dropped a bombshell with the accusations they made towards people. According to Sam Roberts, author of “A Decade of Fear,” “McCarthy dropped a bombshell.” McCarthy had accused The State Department of being
McCarthyism (noun): a campaign against alleged communists in the United States government. Salem Witch Trials (noun): a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft. Are the McCarthy trials and the Salem Witch Trials really that different?
Two of those major events of history are the “witch hunts" from the Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism. In these two events there are many similarities like anger and fear that was going on also there is a lot of contrast between the two such as the consequences. Arthur Miller wrote his play, The Crucible to demonstrate the issue the Salem which trials in hoping that we would not repeat them. That all ended in vain when 1950s rolled around to a fresh round of which hunts, this time known as McCarthyism, named after Joe McCarthy.