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Principles of classical and operant conditioning
The basic components of classical conditioning
The basic components of classical conditioning
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In the case study, Jim Colbert, a third grade teacher, struggles to help a boy named Carlos. This Public School 111 was located in a metropolitan, run down neighborhood. The school was surrounded by drug dealers and trash. However, the inside of the school was bright and welcoming. Here the students were placed according to their abilities, and Jim had a 3-A class for the high achieving students. Jim had a routine that he followed every day. He would take the learning and apply it to the student’s lives with practical examples. To begin the day Jim would go through the homework with the students, and here he began to notice that Carlos was misspelling many of his words. Carlos comprehended the readings, but he was behind in his spelling. Jim talked with the other third grade teacher, Paul, about Carlos. Then, he talked to Carlos about the problem, asking him if he could get help at home. Here Jim discovered that Carlos would get little to no help at home. Jim sent home a dictionary with Carlos so that he could check his spelling, and he saw …show more content…
In this case study we can see a negative way classical conditioning occurred. During recess firecrackers went off near school, throwing the students to the group in fear. “Jim had stared in amazement at the yard of students lying on the ground, instinctively trying to protect themselves.” (Colbert, p. 52)This involuntary response was a natural instinct for the students because of the neighborhood they lived in. Gunfire was a regular occurrence, and the firecrackers resembled the sound of a gunshot. “To some degree, learners’ behaviors are influenced by the objects and events they are currently encountering.” (Ormrod ,p. 58)Specific events throughout your life can lead to certain behaviors. In this case study we saw that the gunfire they have heard causes them to fall to the ground. Classical conditioning had a negative effect on these
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning play a huge role with the future use of a drug. First, just like in the theory of Pavlov, classical conditioning with the role of substance and addiction can start to form much similar. For example, if an individual sits in traffic after getting off work every day and pulls out marijuana to smoke in the car, the car will then start to become the conditioned stimulus to the substance, the individual will pair sitting in traffic now as its time for the daily joint. Since the car is now the conditioned stimulus to the individual, the person will now start to experience those cravings every time they are sitting in the car. Most of the time, the individual will experience relapse, since the body is now fully conditioned to
conditioned fear that does not involve oedipal complexes or displacement. The theory of classical conditioning says that phobias are the result of learned associations of neutral stimuli and frightening events. This also demonstrates why an individual might have a phobia of guns after being shot by one.
John Watson, after learning Ivan Pavlov’s theory of Classic Conditioning, believed it was worth exploring further. He believed that every person learned and perceived differently, which explained why there were differences in behavior. Watson and his assistant Rosalie Raynor conducted an experiment with a 9 month old infant known as Little Albert, according to Watson and Raynor, he was a healthy and well-adjusted boy with mild mannerisms . The experiment would attempt to condition fear of a white rat into Albert. First, Rosalie Raynor introduced Albert to multiple items, similar in sensation and texture; introduced to the rat, Santa Clause mask, a white fur coat, a monkey and burning newspaper, initially, Albert showed no fear. He was
Study Hall was Mark’s first negative impression of Cushing Academy. He thought this was done in order to keep the students in silence and restrain them from having freedom. After he experienced Study Hall at Cushing for over two months, he could really see the changes and results it produced on him. He realized that he didn’t have to worry about having enough time for his studies. Also, he could see his grades improve every week. One day Mark received a phone call from his mother. Before picking up the phone, the only thought he had in his mind was that he was going to get grounded for his grades or performance at school. He answered the phone and there was his proud mother congratulating him for his wonderful grades he ...
“I always knew I wanted to be a teacher,” she stated. Her passion for helping children with special needs was developed at a later age. The reason why Chris decided to be a special education teacher was because of two twin boys in her grade who had special needs. Chris was only in kindergarten at the time, but she recalls that one of these boys did not get to go to school. The other boy, Jimmy, could come to school, but he would have to leave halfway through the school day. Chris was confused and upset about how Jimmy could not be at school and asked her mom about this. The reason why Jimmy and his brother were not at school was because there was no special education program. This moment, even though she was in kindergarten, shaped Chris’s plan for her
It takes a lot of skills to get these kids situated. This might help me in my future career because I’m already prepare to work with kids in the future. Especially during lunch time, I have to watch the kids while they eat. Personally, I learned kids love when adults care about them. They like it when I teach them math and they are very motivated when there’s a reward. For example, if the kids finished their home, they get to go play soccer after which motivates them to focus on their homework. They are also excited when they finished their homework at the club; thus they don’t have homework at home. This personally impacted me because it amazes me to see how much the kids love to learn even if they live in poverty places. These kids are motivated to learn which is good for them in the future. Scholarly, I can relate these kids to the book A Hope In the Unseen because these students are similar to Cedric. They live in a poverty area where the education system is low because there is not enough school funding and the dropout rate is high. However, they are motivated to learn. This shows me that there are still hope for the society and people can change that by helping other
Analyzing the situation of a student getting kicked out of school. Billy parents often had conversations with him telling Billy that failure wasn’t an option and that while he stayed with him he will maintain a 4.0 grade average and will he graduates he will go to college then join the Navy. Although Billy was involved in many sports and organizations, Billy was not content with his life and often contemplated suicide. Billy was put under an enormous amount of pressure to excel in school that he had no personal life. Billy was a loner and had no friends in school except for his teachers. Six months into Billy’s senior year of high school Billy met some friends and he was so excited to have friends that Billy started getting into trouble from hanging with the wrong crowd. By the time Billy reached his senior year of high school he wasn’t in honors classes anymore and his well-off parents were furious that Billy had gone downhill and started hanging with students that were underneath him academically wise. One day Billy arrived to school with his new group of friends which his parents disliked and his friends decided to skip
First of all, he realized the stereotyped the white people labeled very early in school and that these labels followed them throughout their education levels. He equally knew that labels have influence on how teachers and staff react to kids and it contribute the quality of the education Trent will obtain. Joe did not want such a thing to happen to Trent; Joe showed enthusiasm when he was authorized by her field instructor to pursue the case. He started by gathering all the information that is relevant to make this case successful. Joe set a goal through research by reading Trent school record and collaborating with Trent’s teacher, psychologist, and all the staff involved in the case. Joe called Trent father over the phone and asked some questions, which resulted in a face to face interview at school. This process helped Joe to understand the genesis of Trent problem. Joe developed a helping relationship with the family that aid her to follow up through home visits, which is where the family was comfortable to open up and talk. In the meeting at the Trent’s father house Joe was able to get the information that aided him to initiate the action plan for the case. Joe carried the plan by having several meetings with the school psychologist, the teacher, the aide, Trent, and his parents. Through these meetings the intervention plan was devised. Joe identified goals that will help Trent maintain the appropriate behavior at school and at home by using a chart. The chart says Trent should keep his hands and feet to himself, using good manners, walk in line, and sits in his seat correctly. Joe equally created a plan of grouping Trent and other five boys in one group which has similar problem like Trent. During evaluation, Joe achieved his goal by maintained regular contact with all the people involved in the Trent’s case which really
Classical conditioning refers to a type of learning in which a previously neutral stimuli took on the ability to stimulate a conditioned response in an individual (Gormezano & Moore, 1966). To prove that environment was more impactful than genetics, Watson conducted an experiment on an infant, little Albert. Initially, Albert showed little fear towards rats. When Watson repeatedly exposed Albert to the rat accompanied by a loud noise, the latter began to develop fear towards not just the rat but also other furry animals. Watson successfully showed that the acquisition of a phobia can be explained by classical conditioning (Watson & Watson, 1921). Regardless of their genes, the associations of the right stimuli can result in the development of a new behaviour in any individual.
“I always knew I wanted to be a teacher,” she stated. Her passion for helping children with special needs was developed at a later age. The reason why Chris decided to be a special education teacher was because of two twin boys in her grade who had special needs. Chris was only in kindergarten at the time, but she recalls that one of these boys did not get to go to school. The other boy, Jimmy, could come to school, but he would have to leave halfway through the school day. Chris was confused and upset about how Jimmy could not be at school and asked her mom about this. The reason why Jimmy and his brother were not able to be at school was because there was no special education program available. This moment, even though she was in kindergarten, shaped Chris’s plan for her life.
Why does someone study hard for a test? The answer to the question is to receive an A on a test, in hopes to raise their grade point average. If someone raises their grade point average it might give them better opportunities in the future once they search for a job. The reason behind people doing certain things may be because of their environment but it also deals with positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement. Everyone has operant behaviors which means that their behaviors operate on or manipulates the environment around them. Operant conditioning is a simple form of learning in which an organism learns to engage in certain behaviors because of the effects of that behavior (Rathus, 2016).
I find it very irritating when my best friend likes a television show or song that I do not like. This is why I am going to create and preform a Classical Conditioning experiment on my good friend Sarah Garcia. This experiment will include the following terms: Unconditioned Stimulus, Unconditioned Response, Neutral Stimulus, Conditioned Stimulus, and Conditioned Response. I will be using these five terms to explain my Classical Conditioning experiment that I have created for Sarah. I plan on making her hate the song “Can’t Feel My Face”, by The Hills because it is one of her favorite songs and I do not like it. Sarah will listen to this song while we are studying, doing homework, and even when we are playing golf. I am excited for the moment when Sarah will no longer listen to the song because of this Classical
When taking psychology classes I have always enjoyed learning about behaviorism because it seems so cut and dry; if someone wanted to get a clear understanding or their fellow man, all they would have to do is sit back and observe. With behaviorism there is no Id, Ego or Superego to take into account, just raw behavior. While this approach seems simple enough, I feel that it can only offer an incomplete window into seeing how people function and react with various things on a day to day basis.
I. Introduction of classical conditioning Classical conditioning also called as Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning. It is a kind of learning a new behavior through association that when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) and evokes a conditioned response (CR). It also is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus (Cherry, 2014). Classical conditioning has much strength such as can help to explain all aspects of human behavior and many of advertisers will use classical conditioning to advertise their produces, however it also have some weaknesses such as all classical conditioning responses must involve a reflex and classical conditioning is a completely physical process, learning is not important as reflected in scenario. This paper will talk about the strengths and the weaknesses of classical conditioning theory followed by a brief description of the scenario and the strengths and weaknesses of applying classical conditioning on it.
Both operant and classical conditioning was used in my household. For example an act of operant conditioning was when I would ignore my chores my mom would say that I could not watch television until my chores were finished. She did this negative reinforcement to motivate me to complete my duties. However, this negative reinforcement did not encourage my brother to do his chores because he did not enjoy watching television. Because a certain consequence might not be the same for each individual, I believe that for operant conditioning to be successful the reinforcement or the consequence must correlate with the subject in order to increase or decrease a certain behavior. An example of classical conditioning in my life would be when my father opens the garage door when he arrives home. When he does this the door makes a distinct sound, and eventually my dog started to associate the sound of the garage door and his appearance. Now every time the door opens my dog gets excited expecting my father’s arrival, whether or not he is actually there. This example teaches me that my dog is experiencing classical conditioning. My dog is having an involuntary response to the sound of the garage door because of an association with my father’s