Compare And Contrast Classical And Classical Conditioning

explanatory Essay

773 words

Behaviorism was developed to study observable behavior. Because behaviorism describes the learning process it is also known as the learning theory. Behaviorists indicate that learning and development progress over time, and that the process is due to natural behavior guidelines that control responses and actions. Behaviorism theorists explain conditioning as a response that is paired with a specific stimuli, and thus learning begins. The two types of conditioning are classical and operant. These two types of theories are different in many ways, but are also extremely similar. Classical conditioning was discovered by a Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. Classical conditioning involves placing an impartial stimulus before a reflex. Operant conditioning …show more content…

Both operant and classical conditioning was used in my household. For example an act of operant conditioning was when I would ignore my chores my mom would say that I could not watch television until my chores were finished. She did this negative reinforcement to motivate me to complete my duties. However, this negative reinforcement did not encourage my brother to do his chores because he did not enjoy watching television. Because a certain consequence might not be the same for each individual, I believe that for operant conditioning to be successful the reinforcement or the consequence must correlate with the subject in order to increase or decrease a certain behavior. An example of classical conditioning in my life would be when my father opens the garage door when he arrives home. When he does this the door makes a distinct sound, and eventually my dog started to associate the sound of the garage door and his appearance. Now every time the door opens my dog gets excited expecting my father’s arrival, whether or not he is actually there. This example teaches me that my dog is experiencing classical conditioning. My dog is having an involuntary response to the sound of the garage door because of an association with my father’s

In this essay, the author

Explains that behaviorism was developed to study observable behavior. it is also known as the learning theory. behaviorists indicate that learning and development progress over time, and that the process is due to natural behavior guidelines.
Explains that classical conditioning involves placing an impartial stimulus before a reflex. operant conditioning was first recorded by american psychologist b.f. skinner.
Explains that classical conditioning and operant conditioning are similar in many ways. both of these psychological processes influence changes in behavior, including actions, emotions, and thoughts.

Explains that behaviorism was developed to study observable behavior. it is also known as the learning theory. behaviorists indicate that learning and development progress over time, and that the process is due to natural behavior guidelines.
Explains that classical conditioning involves placing an impartial stimulus before a reflex. operant conditioning was first recorded by american psychologist b.f. skinner.
Explains that classical conditioning and operant conditioning are similar in many ways. both of these psychological processes influence changes in behavior, including actions, emotions, and thoughts.
Explains that classical and operant conditioning are used every day by many individuals. an example of classical conditioning in their life would be when their father opens the garage door.

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Operant Conditioning Theory
explanatory essay
Behaviorism revolves around the measurable and observable characteristics of human behavior, and is based off of the principle that behavior is a result of stimulus-response associations. The purpose of this learning theory is using conditioning in order to acquire a desired behavior. Once understood, the use of behaviorism can be an effective tool in the classroom for educators to use.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that behaviorism revolves around the measurable and observable characteristics of human behavior and is based off of the principle of stimulus-response associations.
- Explains that john b. watson believed that human behavior was a result of the environment and the stimuli that brought about specific responses from it.
- Explains skinner's idea of operant conditioning based off of his observations that both animals and humans repeat behaviors that lead towards a reward and tend not to repeat acts that cause undesired consequences.
- Explains that behaviorism revolves around the measurable and observable characteristics of human behavior and is based off of the principle of stimulus-response associations.
- Explains that john b. watson believed that human behavior was a result of the environment and the stimuli that brought about specific responses from it.
- Explains skinner's idea of operant conditioning based off of his observations that both animals and humans repeat behaviors that lead towards a reward and tend not to repeat acts that cause undesired consequences.
- Explains that classical conditioning is a learning process that uses two stimuli to obtain the desired response. it all begins with an unconditioned stimulus.
- Explains that the unconditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus, which produces the same conditioned response.
- Explains that there is a chance that the response may occur when variations of the conditioned stimulus occurs; this is called generalization.
- Explains how the teacher can use this form of conditioning in the classroom in many ways.
- Explains that operant conditioning is a learning process where desired behaviors are reinforced.
- Explains that there are various forms of reinforcers, such as primary, secondary, and negative.
- Explains that reinforcement can be given at certain times. each pattern has different effects on the speed of learning or extinction of a behavior.
- Explains how different types of reinforcements can be used inside of the classroom. for example, when students complete their homework, the teacher may give them a negative reinforcement and not assign anymore homework.
- Explains that in operant conditioning there is a method called punishment, which is the opposite of reinforcement.
- Opines that teachers should be able to understand different types of punishment so that they can find the most effective method in getting the desired response or behavior.
- Opines that behaviorism, classical conditioning, and operant conditioning can be used as effective tools to ensure a superior classroom experience.
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Classical Conditioning Theory
analytical essay
Classical conditioning was discovered in the 20th century as the first type of learning. Although there were previous speculations, Ivan Pavlov more often identified with the theory. Ivan Pavlov, a well trained Russian physiologist, was studying digestive physiology in dogs when stumbling upon what he would define as classical conditioning (C). While nothing is actually learned during classical conditioning, it is recognized as a type of learning where an organism associates separate stimuli, allowing them to form a response (A). John Watson followed up Pavlov with an experiment known as “Little Albert” that would test whether or not classical conditioning could be applied to humans (C). The combination of the two experiments left behind a set of principles and methods that allow us to apply classical conditioning to studies today.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that classical conditioning was discovered in the 20th century as the first type of learning. ivan pavlov identified with the theory while studying digestive physiology in dogs.
- Analyzes pavlov's study of digestion in dogs, which revealed that the lab dogs would salivate before being given their food. watson became curious whether classical conditioning was applicable to humans, and concluded that humans were born with a blank slate.
- Analyzes how classical conditioning can be applied to human learning and explain why a dog becomes gun-shy.
- Explains that classical conditioning was discovered in the 20th century as the first type of learning. ivan pavlov identified with the theory while studying digestive physiology in dogs.
- Analyzes pavlov's study of digestion in dogs, which revealed that the lab dogs would salivate before being given their food. watson became curious whether classical conditioning was applicable to humans, and concluded that humans were born with a blank slate.
- Analyzes how classical conditioning can be applied to human learning and explain why a dog becomes gun-shy.
- Explains that a dog isn't born with the natural fear of gun, but it's learned. the loud bang when shooting gun causes the dog to run and hide, which is the ur.
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Pavlov's and Erikson's Theories
analytical essay
Ivan Pavlov developed a theory called classical conditioning which proposes that learning process occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. Classical conditioning involves placing a neutral signal before a naturally occurring reflex like associating the food with the bell in Pavlov experiment. In classical conditioning, behavior is learnt by association where a stimulus that was originally neutral can become a trigger for substance use or cravings due to repeated associations between those stimuli and substance use (Pavlov, 1927).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that each stage must be properly negotiated before the individual can move to the next stage and manage it.
- Explains that the seventh stage in erickson's theory is where the individual learns generativity versus self-absorption, which occurs during middle age.
- Analyzes how ivav pavlov's classical conditioning sees addiction to substance use as a process.
- Explains that each stage must be properly negotiated before the individual can move to the next stage and manage it.
- Explains that the seventh stage in erickson's theory is where the individual learns generativity versus self-absorption, which occurs during middle age.
- Analyzes how ivav pavlov's classical conditioning sees addiction to substance use as a process.
- Explains davidson, l., and strauss, j. s. sense of self in recovery from severe mental illness.
- Explains ivan pavlov's theory of classical conditioning, which proposes that learning process occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.
- Explains that the fourth stage is development of industry versus inferiority, wherein the child learns more formal skills in life like how to relate with peers and neighbors, mastering more elaborate concepts in the different disciplines in school.
- Explains that the case study involved a 67-year-old man named benson who has been drinking since he was thirteen. he is going through delirium tremors due to his age and the length of time.
- Explains that benson's world fell apart when he needed the greatest support and guidance. losing his parents at the age of thirteen left him without a leader in his life.
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Essay On Attachment And Attachment
explanatory essay
Classical conditioning involves learning through association. This occurs when you learn to associate two different stimuli, no behaviour is involved, the first stimuli that is encountered is an unconditioned stimulus, this produces a response without any previous learning. Pavlov (1902) started from the idea that there are some things that a dog does not need to learn. For example they don't salivate when they see food. Pavlov showed the existence of the unconditioned response by presenting the dog with food and measuring the salivary secretions.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that attachment is an affectional tie that one human or animal forms between themselves and another specific one.
- Describes and evaluates two approaches/theories in developmental psychology and supporting studies. the nature versus nurture debate is concerned with the extent to which particular aspects of behaviour are either inherited or acquired characteristics.
- Explains cognitive development is the construction of our thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision making from childhood through to adulthood. emotional development refers to the ability to recognise, express and manage feelings.
- Explains that attachment is an affectional tie that one human or animal forms between themselves and another specific one.
- Describes and evaluates two approaches/theories in developmental psychology and supporting studies. the nature versus nurture debate is concerned with the extent to which particular aspects of behaviour are either inherited or acquired characteristics.
- Explains cognitive development is the construction of our thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision making from childhood through to adulthood. emotional development refers to the ability to recognise, express and manage feelings.
- Explains that reciprocity is a form of interaction between infant and caregiver involving mutual responsiveness with both parties able to respond to one another.
- Explains that meltzoff and moore's research is based on the reliability of testing infants, as they pull faces all the time and it is difficult to distinguish between normal behaviour and imitation.
- Explains that tronick (1975) undertook an experiment called the'still face experiment', wherein an infant and mother are playing and interacting for three minutes, and the infant tries several times to get the mothers attention but then withdraws and turns away from his mother.
- Explains the behavioural approach in psychology based on the concept of explaining behaviour through classical or operant conditioning. classical conditioning involves learning through association.
- Explains that pavlov's study was a laboratory experiment so there is high control of variables and the results are reliable. however, the study conducted with dogs may not always apply to humans.
- Explains that operant conditioning refers to changes in behaviour as a result of experiences that occur after. skinner showed how positive reinforcement worked by placing rats in boxes, which contained leavers, and adapted to their surroundings.
- Explains that attachment is a learned behaviour that is acquired through classical and operant conditioning.
- Explains the strengths of the behavioural theory, which applies classical and operant conditioning to its theories, uses a scientific approach and methods of research because the experiments are measurable and observable.
- Analyzes harlow's study on infant monkeys to see how they developed when separated from their mothers. he put them in cages with two dolls, one made out of wire with a bottle of milk and the other made of soft cloth for comfort.
- Explains schaffer and emmerson conducted a longitudinal study to find the age of which attachment starts and how intense these were. they studied 60 babies from the working class area of glasgow.
- Explains that lorenz (1935) found geese imprinted during a critical period and formed attachments with whatever they first saw. attachment in infants is similar to this process.
- Explains john bowlby's evolutionary theory of attachment. he argued that infants have a biological need for attachment with their care giver, who often, is the mother.
- Explains that attachment starts as the relationship between caregiver and infant develops a model about relationships, called internal working model, which leads to continuity hypothesis.
- Explains john bowlby's belief that the relationship between the infant and its mother during the first five years of life was crucial to socialisation.
- Explains that bifulco et al conducted a study on this theory and found similar results so it is high in reliability. the study was researcher bias as he conducted the assessments himself.
- Explains that rutter et al (2007) followed romanian orphans who had been adopted by british families. the children were fed, clothed, and kept warm, but the vast majority had never experienced sensitive care on an emotional level.
- Explains that although orphans are not typical institunialised children, upbrining would have been traumatic, so it is difficult to generalise findings to children suffering depression in the uk.
- Concludes that bowlby's evolutionary theory has many strengths and weaknesses, including the learning theory and internal working model.
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Classical vs. Operant Conditioning
comparative essay
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are different learning methods. The two methods have the word conditioning in common. What is conditioning? Conditioning is the acquisition of specific patterns of behavior in the presence of well-defined stimuli. Both classical and operant conditioning are basic forms of learning. Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism learns to transfer a natural response from one stimulus to another, previously neutral stimulus. Manipulating reflexes does this. Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which the likelihood of a behavior is increased or decreased by the use of reinforcement or punishment. Operant conditioning deals with more cognitive thought process.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that classical and operant conditioning are different learning methods. both are basic forms of learning.
- Explains that both forms of learning have similarities and differences. both types of conditioning result in the inheritance of a behavior.
- Describes pavlov's dogs experiment in which he controlled the presentation of a bell and gave the dog food. the food caused an uncontrollable response whenever it was presented alone.
- Explains that classical and operant conditioning are different learning methods. both are basic forms of learning.
- Explains that both forms of learning have similarities and differences. both types of conditioning result in the inheritance of a behavior.
- Describes pavlov's dogs experiment in which he controlled the presentation of a bell and gave the dog food. the food caused an uncontrollable response whenever it was presented alone.
- Explains that extinction can also occur in operant conditioning. reinforcement is when a stimulus increases the probability that the preceding response will recur in the future.
- Explains the phenomenon of stimulus generalization, which occurs with classical and operant conditioning.
- Compares operant and classical conditioning in that reinforcement depends on the behavior of the learner. classical conditioning applies to a behavior that is always wanted.
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Compare Classical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning
explanatory essay
A good example of classical conditioning is when a teacher gives candy to students when they answer questions correctly. The students start to participate more because they know that if they answer questions correctly, they will get candy. An example of operant conditioning is when a parent takes away their kids phone because they got bad grades in school, or when a kid gets spanked for doing something
In this essay, the author
- Explains that learning is the attainment of new information or knowledge, skills, or responses from experience that causes a fairly permanent change in behavior.
- Describes how john b. watson came up with classical conditioning, where two different stimuli are paired together to create a desired response.
- Explains that b.f. skinner came up with operant conditioning, which is when consequences are used to determine whether a certain behavior will be repeated again.
- Explains that learning is the attainment of new information or knowledge, skills, or responses from experience that causes a fairly permanent change in behavior.
- Describes how john b. watson came up with classical conditioning, where two different stimuli are paired together to create a desired response.
- Explains that b.f. skinner came up with operant conditioning, which is when consequences are used to determine whether a certain behavior will be repeated again.
- Explains that operant conditioning can also be scheduled. there are fixed-ratio and variable-interval schedules.
- Explains classical conditioning, where a teacher gives candy to students when they answer correctly, and operant conditioning when parents take away their kids phone because they got bad grades in school.
- Explains how albert bandura let children observe an adult that was aggressive towards a bobo doll. they then played with the toys and recreated the behavior that they observed in the adult model.
- Explains that operant conditioning has been used by most marine trainers, but it hasn't been widely studied by researchers. "jump masters" unknowingly trained dolphins to jump higher and to do different tricks by offering them fish.
- Describes how a study was performed to see if female wombats could be classically conditioned to collect urine samples.
- Describes how a study conducted with macaque monkeys tested observational learning under highly experimental constraints.
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Essay On Classical And Classical Conditioning
explanatory essay
Classical and operant conditioning are similar in many different ways. They’re both the same by the learning that can be affected by the consistency frequency and time of the admiration. Classical conditioning pairs two stimuli and operant conditioning pairs behavior and the response. They can both phase acquisition and extinction and that may also be reversed by using other conditioning skills. These two conditioning each have their own differences by their different methods they use.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that classical and operant conditioning are similar in many different ways. they're the same by the learning that can be affected by consistency frequency and time of the admiration.
- Explains that classical conditioning involves automatic or reflexive responses and not voluntary behavior. ivan pavlov's experiment with dogs has something to do with it.
- Explains that john watson proposed that the process of classical conditioning was able to explain all aspects of human psychology. watson denied the existence of the mind or consciousness.
- Explains that classical and operant conditioning are similar in many different ways. they're the same by the learning that can be affected by consistency frequency and time of the admiration.
- Explains that classical conditioning involves automatic or reflexive responses and not voluntary behavior. ivan pavlov's experiment with dogs has something to do with it.
- Explains that john watson proposed that the process of classical conditioning was able to explain all aspects of human psychology. watson denied the existence of the mind or consciousness.
- Explains that the classical conditioning process for this example is an unconditioned response that will automatically have a response to it.
- Explains that operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behaviors.
- Describes edward thorndike's attempt to develop an experimental method for problem solving the ability of dogs and cats.
- Describes b.f. skinner as the father of operant conditioning, based on thorndike's law on effect. he used animals for the "skinner box" experiment.
- Narrates how they've been up all night studying for their human anatomy test and getting an a on it. when they get home, they tell their mom the good news and she rewards them with an ice cream shop.
- Explains that they will never tease their brother again because they don't like being in time out.
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Classical Conditioning Essay
explanatory essay
Classical conditioning can be describe as a reflexive or automatic type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus. It was first described by Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), a Russian physiologist, in 1903, and studied in infants by John B. Watson (1878-1958). In the 1920 's John b. Watson and Rosaline Rayner trailed to show how fear can be induced in an infant through classical conditioning. Designating conditional emotional reactions attempt would become the most infamous psychology studies that has been conducted and would be entitled "the case of little Albert”. Watson goal was to get Albert very afraid of the white rat by comparing the white rat with a very loud, clashing
In this essay, the author
- Describes classical conditioning as reflexive or automatic learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke response. it was first described by ivan pavlov (1849-1936) and studied in infants by john b. watson.
- Explains that the initial pairing of the banging bar and the rat in terms of learning through classical conditioning changed the child completely psychically and emotionally.
- Explains how watson and rayner tested albert to react to different stimuli such as masks, other animals, and a fur coat.
- Describes classical conditioning as reflexive or automatic learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke response. it was first described by ivan pavlov (1849-1936) and studied in infants by john b. watson.
- Explains that the initial pairing of the banging bar and the rat in terms of learning through classical conditioning changed the child completely psychically and emotionally.
- Explains how watson and rayner tested albert to react to different stimuli such as masks, other animals, and a fur coat.
- Explains that the concept of generalization was an idea in "the case of little albert". the condition of the test didn't last long because it took too long to determine what type of stimulation was being presented.
717 words
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Essay On Classical And Classical Conditioning
analytical essay
Classical and operant conditioning are two different ways people learn things and develop certain behaviors. Phobias and addictions can be established from classical and operant conditioning. “In classical conditioning, an environmental stimulus leads to a learned response, through pairing of an unconditioned stimulus with a previously neutral conditioned stimulus. The result is a conditioned response, or learned reflex” (Kowalski & Westen, 2011, “Learning”, p.167). Whereas in operative conditioning, the way an individual behaves is created by an environmental reaction. In this essay I will speak about how phobias can be developed through classical and operant conditioning, the differences between the two, consequences such as reinforcement and punishment, and extinction.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that classical and operant conditioning are different ways people learn things and develop certain behaviors. phobias and addictions can be established from both.
- Illustrates how phobias can be developed through classical conditioning from an action or event. watson and rayner experimented with a nine-month-old child who reacted to loud noises.
- Explains that phobias can be developed through operant conditioning by a reaction to an environmental response. the consequences of our behaviors will produce future behaviors.
- Explains that classical and operant conditioning are different ways people learn things and develop certain behaviors. phobias and addictions can be established from both.
- Illustrates how phobias can be developed through classical conditioning from an action or event. watson and rayner experimented with a nine-month-old child who reacted to loud noises.
- Explains that phobias can be developed through operant conditioning by a reaction to an environmental response. the consequences of our behaviors will produce future behaviors.
- Explains that classical and operative conditioning have slight differences on what produces the response. future behaviors can be controlled through consequences such as punishment and reinforcement in operant conditioning.
- Analyzes the process of extinguishment in classical conditioning, whereby a cr is weakened by presentation of the cs without the ucs.
- Explains that classical and operant conditionings are different ways a person can develop specific behavior.
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Ivan Pavlov and His Theory on Classical Conditioning
analytical essay
The theory of behaviorism was later advanced by JB Watson who argued that any behavior can be instilled in a child. Watson argued that any child can be classically conditioned to become anything or to acquire any behavior. The study off classical conditioning involves presenting to an animal or organism to a conditioned stimulus. There is no connection between the conditioned stimulus and the organism. The organism is then exposed to an unconditional stimulus which is then followed repetitively with the exposition of the conditioned stimulus over a certain number of times until the organism learns to associate the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response even at the absence of an unconditioned response. In the process the organism was found to elicit an unconditional response at the exposure to the conditioned stimulus.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that classical conditioning is the conditional programming of an organism to respond to a conditioned stimulus that seeks to enhance and enforce certain behavior. it was first advanced by ivan pavlov, the founding father of behaviorism.
- Explains the theory of behaviorism advanced by jb watson who argued that any behavior can be instilled in a child.
- Explains that the organism associates the conditioning to other related objects. the organism learns to derive unconditional response to the conditioned stimulus.
- Explains that classical conditioning is the conditional programming of an organism to respond to a conditioned stimulus that seeks to enhance and enforce certain behavior. it was first advanced by ivan pavlov, the founding father of behaviorism.
- Explains the theory of behaviorism advanced by jb watson who argued that any behavior can be instilled in a child.
- Explains that the organism associates the conditioning to other related objects. the organism learns to derive unconditional response to the conditioned stimulus.
- Explains that the theory of spontaneous recovery of stimulus discovered by ivan pavlov was fundamental in the study of classical conditioning.
- Analyzes the case study of mavis, who enjoyed playing catch with her friend's great dane "angus" and experienced a psychological change of behavior. classical conditioning is the leading behavioral motivator and shaper.
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Analysis Of Keeping Up With The Kardashians
analytical essay
Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, described a certain form of conditioning called Classical Conditioning. Classical Conditioning deals with individual’s instinctive responses to specific situations and stimulants. This entire method of causing an individual to learn certain responses and ways revolves completely around behaviors that people don’t actually control. It deals with behaviors that people
In this essay, the author
- Explains that they hope to teach their friend not to like "keeping up with the kardashians" by applying ivan paplov's described conditioning methods.
- Describes ivan pavlov's form of conditioning called classical conditioning, which deals with individuals' instinctive responses to specific situations and stimulants.
- Explains that classical conditioning begins with an unconditioned stimulus and a non-conditioned response.
- Explains that they hope to teach their friend not to like "keeping up with the kardashians" by applying ivan paplov's described conditioning methods.
- Describes ivan pavlov's form of conditioning called classical conditioning, which deals with individuals' instinctive responses to specific situations and stimulants.
- Explains that classical conditioning begins with an unconditioned stimulus and a non-conditioned response.
- Analyzes how classical conditioning occurs when the neutral stimulus is paired with the undesired unconditioned stimulus.
- Explains how they got their friend to stop watching "keeping up with the kardashians" through classical conditioning.
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History Of Behavior Therapy
explanatory essay
Notice that each one of the pioneers discovery was done through observation of something. It is safe to say that Behaviorist believe that behavior is the result of stimulus and their responses. Since behavior therapy is based upon behaviorism, a working definition for Behavior therapy—rooted in the principles of behaviorism, a school of thought focused on the idea that we learn from our environment (psychology.about.com). Unlike the other therapies, behavior therapy is based on four theories, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social learning approach and cognitive behavior therapy.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that behavior therapy began in the late 1900s, but it didn't gain popularity as an established psychological approach until the 1950s and 1960s due to the pioneering works of a number of brilliant men.
- Describes how russian physiologist ivan pavlov discovered classical conditioning by using dogs, a bell and meat powder.
- Explains how j.b. watson applied stimulus response theories to children after pavlov success. he exposed albert to a loud noise when he stated to stroke the rat.
- Explains that behavior therapy began in the late 1900s, but it didn't gain popularity as an established psychological approach until the 1950s and 1960s due to the pioneering works of a number of brilliant men.
- Describes how russian physiologist ivan pavlov discovered classical conditioning by using dogs, a bell and meat powder.
- Explains how j.b. watson applied stimulus response theories to children after pavlov success. he exposed albert to a loud noise when he stated to stroke the rat.
- Explains that b.f. skinner is perhaps the best known learning theorist in the behaviorist tradition. the theory of operant conditioning is based upon shaping behavior by reinforcement.
- Explains that joseph wolpe developed systematic desensitization, which is utilized in the treatment of phobias. albert bandura discovered that people learning behaviors through observation.
- Explains that the pioneers of behavior therapy are rooted in behaviorism, a school of thought focused on the idea that we learn from our environment.
- Compares classical conditioning with pavlov's experiments with dogs and watson demonstration with albert and the white furry rat. the learner is passive, absorbind and automatically racting to stimuli.
- Explains that operant conditioning is based upon the theory of behavior modified by consequences. skinner demonstrated the concept using rats.
- Explains that the key to operant conditioning is the reinforcement of a response, which can be reward or punishment.
- Explains the social leaning or social cognitive approach of behavior therapy, based on the assumption that people are capable of self-directed behavior change and that the person is the agent of change.
- Explains that cognitive behavior therapy (cbt) operates on the assumption that what people believe influences how they act and feel.
- Explains that behavior therapy can help individuals find healing and resolutions to life issues and problems.
- Explains that cognitive-behavioral therapy has become a first-line psychosocial treatment for individuals with chronic pain. chronic pain affects 100 million americans, making it the number one source of pain in the united states.
- Explains that a review of behavioral treatments for headaches described cbt-based interventions as reducing headache activity 30%– 60% on average across studies. these effects surpassed those of various control conditions and were typically sustained over time.
- Explains that cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in the treatment of eating disorders. eating disorders include bulimia nervosa and binge-eating.
- Explains that behavior therapy can also treat phobias with the help of classical conditioning. phobias can be the fear of any things, from insects to heights, snakes and confine spaces.
- Explains that behavior therapy is also used in couples therapy—behavioral couple therapy with couples seeking help for alcoholism or drug abuse. its purposes are to build support for abstinence and improve relationship functioning.
- Explains that classical conditioning is used to treat patients with different types of addictions, such as drugs, alcohol, and smoking. when individuals are repeatedly exposed to the sights or smells of a substance in the absence of actual drug taking, these cues lose some of their power to elicit the expectation of drug effects.
- Explains that social cognitive therapy can help individuals overcome aggression and depression. self-regulation can be achieved by introducing strategies designed to induce specific behavioral changes, to generalize those changes to other situations, and to maintain changes.
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Key Concepts Of Classical Conditioning
comparative essay
Classical conditioning is a learning behaviour where an organism learns to associate a conditioned stimuli (CS) with the appearance of an unconditioned stimuli (US) creating a conditioned response (CR) (Pavlov, 1927). For example, when a person sees somebody peeling a lemon (CS) they will start salivating (CR) as they prepare for the sour taste. Classical conditioning has further been associated with the development of fear and anxiety. It has been shown that fear can be learned through the process of associating danger with a specific object or situation after several trials or in more extreme cases after only one trial (Öhman,
In this essay, the author
- Explains that fear development can be explained through classical learning as a neutral stimulus is connected to an adverse stimulation (e.g. electric shock, loud noise).
- Explains that phobias go to extremes, interrupting people's lives and wellbeing. the treatment connected to conditioning is called exposure therapy.
- Explains the development of virtual reality exposure therapy (vret), which aims to get similar results as the traditional therapy without using real objects or animals, but creating them in the computer.
- Explains that fear development can be explained through classical learning as a neutral stimulus is connected to an adverse stimulation (e.g. electric shock, loud noise).
- Explains that phobias go to extremes, interrupting people's lives and wellbeing. the treatment connected to conditioning is called exposure therapy.
- Explains the development of virtual reality exposure therapy (vret), which aims to get similar results as the traditional therapy without using real objects or animals, but creating them in the computer.
- Explains that classical conditioning has been used successfully in fear treatment, but it still has a lot of criticism in connection to how fears are developed.
- Concludes that the connection between pavlovian conditioning and fear learning has been supported by studies showing the process of associating a traumatizing situation with an object, animal or environment.
- Explains classical conditioning as a learning behaviour where an organism learns to associate conditioned stimuli with the appearance of an unconditioned stimulus.
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Responces To Hunger
explanatory essay
Classical conditioning is “the process by which a stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits a similar or related response.'; Classical conditioning is like the famous case of Pavlov’s dogs that we learned about in Psychology 101: The dogs learn to associate the ringing of the bell with food, and, once conditioned, the dogs could not hear the bell without salivating.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that americans have turned their backs to the issue of hunger and starvation because they have been conditioned and desensitized by the media.
- Explains that classical conditioning is the process by which a stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit responses through association with an existing stimulus. pavlov's dogs learned to associate the ringing of the bell with food.
- Explains how the japanese used classical conditioning with their solders to classically condition a large audience to associate committing violent acts with pleasure.
- Opines that americans have turned their backs to the issue of hunger and starvation because they have been conditioned and desensitized by the media.
- Explains that classical conditioning is the process by which a stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit responses through association with an existing stimulus. pavlov's dogs learned to associate the ringing of the bell with food.
- Explains how the japanese used classical conditioning with their solders to classically condition a large audience to associate committing violent acts with pleasure.
- Explains that our culture watches vivid pictures of human suffering and death, and we learn to associate it with our favorite soft drink and candy bar, or our girlfriend/boyfriend's perfume/cologne.
- Explains that operation conditioning is the process by which a response becomes more or less likely to occur, depending on its consequence. children cry for many valid reasons, but infants learn to cry when they are not in physical distress if adults respond.
- Explains that helping the hungry through media rarely improves other nations' status. many who try to help are left with the frustration and are unaware of where there money truly went to or even if it hit its final destination.
- Explains how martin seligman proposed a 'theory of learned helplessness', which held that people became depressed when efforts to control the environment failed.
- Explains that systematic desensitization is a step-by-step process of exposing clients to feared objects and stimuli.
- Explains that a child's brain is sensitive, and can be easily overloaded depending on how much experience someone gets in life. the stimuli that people are attracted to can gauge their level of desensitization.
- Explains that children like bland, sweet food, but as they become desensitized, they seek foods with more and more flavor.
- Recalls watching commercials of famine struck nations, with people in dire need of help. they were shocked at this atrocity, but now they flip right by such programs.
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