TCP/IP Subnetting The core components of TCP/IP are the IP address and the Subnet mask. The entire purpose of the Subnet Mask is to show the computer where to separate the IP Address into the Network ID and the Host ID. When read in Binary, a Subnet Mask will always be a string of 1's followed by a string of 0's. The 1's cover the Network ID while the 0's cover the Host ID. The IP Address is separated between the last 1 and the first 0. Network ID Host ID 10101010.01010101 11001100.11100011 = IP Address 11111111.11111111 00000000.00000000 = Subnet Mask TCP/IP addresses are made up of 4 sets of numbers called "Octets." Each octet is an 8 bit binary string. The largest possible value that can be created with 8 characters in binary is 255. There are three classes of IP Address by default. They are determined by the value of their first octet. Each Class address has a particular default Subnet Mask. Class "A" = 1-127 Default Subnet Mask = 255.0.0.0 Class "B" = 128-191 Default Subnet Mask = 255.255.0.0 Class "C" = 192-223 Default Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 When viewed in Binary, you'll notice a pattern. Class "A" always begins with a 0 00000001-01111111 Class "B" always begins with a 10 10000000-10111111 Class "C" always begins with a 110 11000000-11011111 The remaining classes (any with a value of 224 or higher in the first octet) are not used for public use, and are not considered valid. Also, though technically a Class "A" address, 127.0.0.1 is reserved for testing purposes. It is referred to as the "Loop-Back Address." It, along with any other address beginning with 127 in the first octet, is not considered valid. When determining Host ID's or Network ID's it is very important to remember that... ... middle of paper ... ...P Addresses and the Subnet into Binary and verify that the Network IDs and Subnet IDs are the same on each IP address. 181.105.112.17 = IP Address #1 10110101.01101001.011 10000.00010001 181.105.120.129 = IP Address #2 10110101.01101001.011 11000.11000001 255.255.224.0 = Subnet Mask 11111111.11111111.111 00000.00000000 The Network IDs must be the same. The Host IDs will be different. Using these steps, we can Ø Identify IP Addresses by Class Ø Specify default Subnet Masks by Class Ø Separate IP Addresses into Network IDs and Host IDs Ø Separate the default Class Addresses into multiple Subnets determined by the required number of Hosts or Subnets Ø Determine the number of Hosts or Subnets in a Network Ø Verify the validity of an address Ø Find the range of a particular Subnet ID Ø Determine whether two addresses are on the same Subnet
do not have class systems, we do not see this as a serious way then
6. The destination address for the DHCP client and server are both 255.255.255.255. The source IP address for the client is 0.0.0.0, while the server uses its own actual IP address as the source.
IP – The Internet Protocol (IP) - is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet. Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.
The mask is a form of deception or illusion. Sometimes, it can be worn as both. It hides the true emotions of slaves, keeping the slave master from knowing what is going on in their minds. The mask also allows the slave to have an identity without the master’s detection. The mask gives the illusion that the slave is exactly how the masters believe, ignorant, incapable of true emotion, and unable to think for themselves.
Class can be defined as a way society separates people into groups based on their socioeconomic
Superclass of a subclass – a class’s directs ancestor and all of the ascendant classes.
2. Once you have segregated the POS network, you need to apply rules on the networking device responsible for the
made for practice ,and learning only; and it cannot compare to the real Cisco Switches
Network Address Translation (NAT) is a standard used to allow multiple PCs on a private network to share a single, globally routable IPv4 address. NAT enables a user to have a large set of addresses internally and usually one address externally. The main reason NAT is often deployed is because IPv4 addresses are getting scarce. NAT is an immediate, but temporary, solution to the IPv4 address exhaustion problem that will eventually be rendered unnecessary with the deployment of the IPv6. The Internet Engineering Task Force has been aware of the impending depletion of the current address space for almost a decade.
In today’s society people are viewed as being in different classes depending on how much money they bring in. The categorization of people is known as classism. Classism is simply the prejudice or in favor of people belonging to a particular social class. Classism is known as one of the largest social problems plaguing the world today. Classes are formed according to how the rules of the following institutions; government regulations and economic status. It is held in place by a system of beliefs and cultural attitudes that ranks people according to their; economic status, family lineage, job status, and level of education. There are three major classifications to which people are titled. They include upper or high class which includes the people with the most money. The middle class who includes the people that brings home the average income. Finally, the class titled the lower class that includes the people who have only one income coming in or none at all (“What Is Classism.”). In the classrooms these classes still remain and the students within each class have different ways in which they learn, and view schooling. We as educators have to look passed their ways and address each class the same.
Perhaps the most redundant, fault-tolerant of all network topologies is the mesh LAN. Each node is connected to every other node for a true point-to-point connection between every device on the network.
Checked exceptions include all exceptions derived from the Exception class and are not derived from the RuntimeException class
IP address is you Internet identity when you are connected to the web. It is synonymous to a postal address.
Testing One Two. By: Nisley, Ed. Dr. Dobb's Journal: Software Tools for the Professional Programmer, May2003, Vol. 28 Issue 5, p80, 4p, 1c; (AN 9457433)
QUES 1. A router has the following CIDR entries in the routing table: Address/Mask Next Hop 135.46.56.0/22 Interface 0 135.46.60.0/22 Interface 1 192.53.40.0/23 Router 1 Default Router 2 For each of the following IP addresses, what does the router do if a packet with that address arrive? 1. 135.46.63.10 Ans: The router will check the routing entry starting with the longest prefix (/23), 192.53.40.0/23. /23 mean network address is 23 bit and the corresponding network mask is 255.255.255.0. 135.45.63.10 and 255.255.254.0 = 135.45.62.0 != 192.53.40.0 therefore this entry does not match. Next longest prefix is /22. 135.45.63.10 and 255.255.252.0=135.45.60.0. it matches 135.45.60.0/22 routing entry, therefore that packet will be routed out over