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Arab spring and the Syrian civil war
Foreign intervention in Syria
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Recommended: Arab spring and the Syrian civil war
The Arab Spring in the March of 2011 ushered in a new age of open resistance to the Syrian regime. At the beginning the protester were calling for a political reforms but in the course of time it turned in the face of a aggressive crackdown into the entire nationwide uprising calling for the oust and to put an end to Bashar al-Assad presidency and his regime. Thus, according to estimation in two year of fighting around 126,000 people, with roughly 4.25 million Syrian people internally displaced and over two million Syrian had seek refugees in neighboring country like turkey, Lebanon Iraq, Jordon and Egypt to escape the war. Also some of the neighboring countries which is bordered to Syria have experienced various amount of spillover skirmishing and conflicts so it seems that these clashes threatens and undermine the region. The severe mutability of events and the complexity in astute propaganda from factual events on the ground have turned the conflict tremendously challenging for outside observers to track. Therefore, this essay will try to better explain the crisis by providing a brief explanation of how this uprising has outspread over the course of the struggle, main regional groups, and the international community involvement to put an end to this bloodiest conflict.
Introduction
Bashar al-Assad the current president of Syria came to power after his father Hafez al-Assad passed away in 2000 who ruled Syria for thirty years. When Bashar al-Assad came to power there were high expectation and hopes for reform, but he enervated political constraints and permitted some political activities. This era was called the spring of Damascus, but it did not lived long, since Assad soon turn back to authoritarian and oppressive way of rul...
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...strong supporter of Assad, and the role of Iran” as contributing factors to the intensification of the Syrian crisis(Davison). He illustrates more on the many different factors that contribute to the intensification of the Syrian War. Countries like Iran, Russia, Qatar, Suadi Arabia, Qatar, the United States, and Turkey are trying to pursue their own self interest from this war, and the United Nation Security Council, which is made of these countries due to Russia and China fails to make a resolution and intervene in Syria to end the war. President Obama has also not been able to provide a strong proof of the use of Chemical weapons by Assad’s regime, to have a legitimate reason for intervening in Syria. On the other hand the opposition groups do not want to attend the U.S. and Russian suggested conference for negotiation between the opposition and Bashar al-Assad.
There is always that one person that stirs the pot in a situation that could have been solved rather quickly without them interfering. This is exactly what happened in Syria. The Syrian Civil War began when a peaceful protest when a group of teenagers who were writing anti-government graffiti on a wall. Syrian people called on their president who instead of making democratic reforms, acted in extreme violence against unarmed civilians. More than a quarter of a million people in Syria have been killed and over 10 million have been forced out of their homes. The Assad regime continues to suppress their citizens and they have begun using chemical bombs to kill thousands of Syrians and many even
Relations between Iran and Syria had entered a phase of strategic coordination, thanks to two men, Saddam Hussein and Musa al-Sadr, though the impact of each was quite different. Through Musa al-Sadr and his group in the Amal movement, including some leading Iranians such as Mustafa Chamran the first defence minister in the government of post-revolutionary Iran, the late Syrian President Hafez al-Assad got to know Ayatollah Khomeini and his ideas, to the extent that Iranian activists close to Khomeini, were carrying Syrian diplomatic passports, before the revolution in February 1979. After Musa al-Sadr, the former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein played a role in strengthening relations between Tehran and Damascus, without realizing the effects that this would have on Iraq and the region. Saddam engaged in a war with Iran shortly after the revolution. Not only did Tehran feel in danger, but a sense of danger has spread from Tehran to Dam...
Turkish-Syrian relations have almost always been soured and hostile in some fashion, dating back as early as the 1500’s. With a perpetual tit-for-tat policy and retaliation method that has been in effect between the two nations, it wasn’t until around 2003 or so in which Turkish relations to Syria had turned mostly friendly in response to the United States’ invasion of Iraq and Assad growing concerned over Syria being invaded as well. To gain more allies and help deter against this, Assad looked to Turkey for support, who was not only happy to better their ties with Syria, but was also in strong disagreement with the United States’ decision to invade Iraq as well. That is until the last five years in which the acting government in Syria has become increasingly more violent and hostile to it’s own people; essentially forcing the Turkish government to reject the growing friendly ties in the name of democracy. The geographic placement of Turkey in relation to the Middle-East and Europe, and particularly Syria, puts the country as a whole in a precarious situation from multiple powerful influences, such as NATO, the EU as well as the UN, and on the inverse, major Islamic figures and traditions held in the region. Because of this, Turkish history has been shaped and formed from the two major influences pulling on the country in very contrasting ways: The west, and the benefits of modernity and non-secularism in the state, and the East, and the fundamental religious beliefs of many who reside there who do not wish to break tradition or stray from their fundamental beliefs. Today is no different, although Turkey is increasingly leaning to the western state of mind and politics as a result of the shaky rela...
Essential Question: Should the United States continue to be involved in the Syrian civil war?
In 2010 the Middle East experienced a disturbing series of protests and riots against the government. The term Arab Spring was coined as an allusion for the 1848 revolutions that rocked the Arab world. This devastating revolution saw its inception in a chain of small scale protests for the democratization of the Arabian governments. With its start in Egypt and Tunisia it has not failed in affecting every Arab country from Libya, Sudan and Morocco in the West to Yemen and Saudi Arabia in the East. A branch of the same revolution has successfully managed to become the cause for a civil war outbreak in Syria and even stretched its influence outside the Arab world to affect Iran and Mali.
The authoritarian regimes of the Middles cycled through a pattern of anti-western policy until the globalization effects of economics and information demanded reform. As conservative Arab states try to maintain the autocracy they relied on after gaining independence, their citizens, affected by information and education expansion, challenge their resistant governments as typified by Syria’s unwillingness to capitulate. The proliferation of information and education underscored the protest movements of the Arab Spring because citizens’ contempt for their obstinate governments grew to large under economic pressures, as the current situation in Syria demonstrates.
One of the key factors that fueled violence in the Syrian War was due to foreign influence. In September 2015, airstrikes were inaugurated by both the United States and Russia. These airstrikes were targeted towards terrorists. However, the US and Russia had different views on groups. "Russia includes many US- supported rebels groups in their lists of 'terrorists'" (Document G) The US viewed the Kurdish group as an ally, while Russia viewed them as a terrorist group. Due to the opposing perspectives from both foreign countries on Syrian groups, the conflict of being unsure of who to strike arose. The US attacked who they believed were terrorists while Russia did the same, therefore creating violence all over. The Chart in Document D displays the relationships between foreign countries and Syrian groups. Russia
Ryan, Curtis. "The New Arab Cold War and the Struggle for Syria." MER 262 42 (2012): n. pag. Middle East Research and Information Project. 2012. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.
Early 2011 uprisings swept across the Middle East and North Africa, and many rebellions are still going on today. The Arab region has seen revolts and conflict since the 1800‘s, but only recently have these revolts been redirected to the problems of Arab society (Ghannam, J. 2011 pg 4-5)The Arab Spring Uprising was first sparked in Tunisia and eventually struck Algeria, Jordan, Egypt, Yemen and then spread to other countries. Citizens throughout these countries were dissatisfied with the rule of their local governments. Issues like human rights violations, political corruption, economic decline, unemployment, extreme poverty, dictators...
The Syrian Civil War is a good example of world leaders playing by the rules of realism. The civil war began in March of 2011 as part of the Arab Spring, and by July of 2012 17,000 have died and another 170,000 fled the country (Almond). The United Nations Security Council in February of 2012 had tried t...
The success of the political uprising in Tunisia sparked similar unrest throughout much of the Arab World and Middle East, most notably within Libya, Egypt, Syria, Bahrain, and Yemen. To date, the leaders of Egypt, Libya, and Yemen have also been overthrown.
The French ruled oppressively, splitting the country into regions along ethnic and religious lines in order to divide and conquer. It wasn’t until World War II did Syria gain independence. Syria was granted de jure independence in 1941. Then, in 1943, President Shukri al-Kuwatly took power. However, the last French solider did not leave until 1946.
A refugee is defined as an individual who has been forced to leave their country due to political or religious reasons, or due to threat of war or violence. There were 19.5 million refugees worldwide at the end of 2014, 14.4 million under the mandate of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), around 2.9 million more than in 2013. The other 5.1 million Palestinian refugees are registered with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA). With the displacement of so many people, it is difficult to find countries willing to accept all the refugees. There are over 125 different countries that currently host refugees, and with this commitment comes the responsibility of ensuring these refugees have access to the basic requirements of life; a place to live, food to eat, and a form of employment or access to education. Currently, the largest cause of refugees is the Syrian civil war, which has displaced over 2.1 million people. As a country of relative wealth, the United States should be able to provide refuge for many refugees, as well as provide monetary support to the refugees that they are not able to receive.
Growing up Saddam Hussein was always trying to gain power and rule. Even before his presidency he was always fighting his way up. In 1958 after the monarchy was overthrown Hussein and others tried to assassinate the Prime Minister Qasim (Butt). The Prime Minister was soon aware of the fact and consequently Hussein had to flee Iraq. In 1963, Qasim was murdered, and Hussein returned to Iraq. Thus Hussein began his rise to power once more. He soon found a position in the Ba’ath party and was named assistant secretary general. Within a few months the Ba’ath party was overthrown, and Hussein was sent to prison. He was released two years later in 1968 after the Ba’ath party regained power in a coup that Hussein helped lead. Hussein was named the vice chairman of the ruling Revolutionary Command Council and vice president under General Ahmed Hassan Bakr. In 1979 Hussein became president. As the President he began doing many more harsh things, he executed hundreds of high ranking party members and army officers who he thought were disloyal. As a result of his cruel and brutal ways some refer to Hussein as the moniker, Butcher of Baghdad. (Andrews).
Jarba, Ahmad (PresedentJarba). “Children of Syria are orphaned by Assad’s brutality. 5m children affected by crisis. This number has tripled in a year.” 17 January 2014, 10:05 a.m. Tweet.