Leslie Marmon Silko uses the idea of being speckled and/or spotless in her book Ceremony. To try to be spotless is the Laguna people trying to become a part of white society, hence, becoming separated from the Earth and from the roots, tradition, beliefs, rituals and customs of the Native American way. It is letting in white society with the belief that it can somehow improve you. It is destructive change that takes a person away from the Earth. It is change that specifies and names possessions and makes you question your own beliefs.
On the other hand, being speckled is learning and shifting with this clash of cultures in order for it not to interfere and destroy you. It is a change that helps you beat white society by not conforming to, but adapting to it. It is the idea togetherness and faithfulness in your own tradition and heritage and the idea of being one with nature (land, water, animals, etc.). This idea can be seen in Josiah's special breed of cattle.
Josiah breeds a new kind of cattle. They are spotted and skinny -- don't drink much water or don't eat much. Most everyone around him deems them worthless. These spots show a contradiction to traditional, spotless "white face" cattle. Traditional cattle cannot survive because they have been separated from the land so that they are no longer wild. They are scared lost and unfamiliar to the Earth. They are a fenced possession of man, not the land.
This is representative of characters like Tayo, Emo, Rocky and Harley, who have been separated from their culture because of the white man's war for so long, they don't know how to react now that they are back (Blumenthal, 368). In Ceremony, Josiah says, "Cattle are like any living thing. If you separate them from the land ...
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...ite society is just an illusion.
Works Cited
Blumenthal, Susan. "Spotted Cattle and Deer: Spirit Guides and Symbols of Endurance and Healing in Ceremony." The American Indian Quarterly. 14 (Fall 1990) : 367-77
Cutchins, Dennis. " `So That the Nations May Become Genuine Indian': Nativism and Leslie Marmon Silko's Ceremony." Journal of American Culture 22.4 (1999) : 77-89.
Kilgore, Tracy Y., East Tennessee State University. " The Story is Everything: The Path to Renewal in Leslie Marmon Silko's Ceremony. " East Tennessee State University, 2003.
Reck, Alexandra. "Leslie Marmon Silko's Ceremony: An Exploration of Characters and Themes." http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/bassr/218/projects/reck/alr.htm (6 Dec. 2005)
Silko, Leslie Marmon. Ceremony. New York: Penguin Books, 1986
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how leslie marmon silko uses the idea of being speckled and/or spotless in her book ceremony.
Explains that being speckled is learning and shifting with this clash of cultures in order for it not to interfere and destroy you.
Explains that josiah breeds a new kind of cattle. they are spotted and skinny -- they don't drink much water or eat much. traditional, spotless "white face" cattle cannot survive because they have been separated from the land
Analyzes how tayo, emo and rocky have been separated from their culture because of the white man's war for so long, they don't know how to react now that they are back.
Analyzes how the new speckled breed shows relation to the lagunas. they are durable and can live on less than domesticated cattle.
Analyzes how silko describes navajo cattle like deer or antelope because they are the only things that have that "wildness." spotlessness resists change because it fights against what is natural to the earth.
Opines that the white culture is a destructive mix for the laguna people and all native americans after war because it takes them away from the earth.
Analyzes how rocky falls for this great white hype. he doesn't believe what they are saying about their views of the cattle, and listens to the books written by the scientists.
Analyzes how auntie embraces the destructive elements of white society and native american tradition in a destructive manner. she follows white beliefs and chooses to follow the european way rather than stick with her traditional customs.
Analyzes how reck makes the point that in this native american/white culture collision, we see characters trying to stay in their traditional culture, while others try to leave it. rocky backs off of his cultural roots by degrading josiah's idea of the cattle on the basis of science books.
Analyzes how rocky demonstrates how native americans are fooled by the illusion that they can attain the power and success that the white culture offers.
Analyzes how rocky's integration into the white culture is the very idea that kills him. this white world (being spotless) is destructive.
Analyzes how tayo submits, like rocky, and becomes destructive like auntie and emo, but is different because he can come out of it by growth and understanding and accepting change that brings him back to the land.
Analyzes how tayo is troubled by the fact of white men stealing the cattle and realizes his thinking that only indians steal and that white people wouldn't do anything like that.
Analyzes how tayo accepts and deals with the changes. the speckled cattle represent change and earth's natural practice, and as he seeks to bring them back, they bring him back.
Analyzes how silko shows the true ideas of the native american way. the white culture must be combated with change that reconnects a person to the earth.
Analyzes how rocky and auntie detach themselves from their own culture's ways in order to satisfy a growing temptation from the outside.
Cites bloomenthal, susan, cutchins, dennis, kilgore, tracy y., east tennessee state university.
Cites reck, alexandra, in "leslie marmon silko's ceremony: an exploration of characters and themes."
In Ceremony, Leslie Silko brilliantly crosses racial styles of humor in order to cure the foolish delusions readers may have, if we think we are superior to Indians or inferior to whites, or perhaps superior to whites or inferior to Indians. Silko plays off affectionate Pueblo humor against the black humor so prominent in 20th-century white culture. This comic strategy has the end-result of opening our eyes to our general foolishness, and also to the possibility of combining the merits of all races. Joseph Campbell wrote in The Inner Reaches of Outer Space of the change in mythologies away from the local and tribal toward a mythology that will arise from "this unified earth as of one harmonious being." Ceremony is a work that changes local mythologies in that more inclusive spirit.
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how silko crosses racial styles of humor to cure the foolish delusions readers may have. this comic strategy opens our eyes to our general foolishness and the possibility of combining the merits of all races.
Opines silko is the right person to have written this book. she is a mixed-blood, and her experience has evidently given her access not only to various problems, but also to different styles of clowning and joking.
Analyzes how silko narrates a navajo ceremony, which is to be completed after the sing by the sick man, tayo. his efforts to finish the ceremony by correct action form the last half of the novel.
Opines that leslie marmon silko is a sacred clown, turning the light of laughter against evils which might otherwise weaken us all.
Analyzes how farcical clowning exposes human flaws in a manifestly physical way, builds up silko's philosophy. the drunk indian veterans who had attempted to fight over helen jean "started pushing at each other.
Analyzes how the clowning scenes become more elaborate as the novel continues. the absurdity of this great stakeout does not cancel, but accompanies and points up the danger to tayo.
Analyzes how silko teases her readers in a gentle manner that can enlighten. the vision illustrates for tayo the universality of human goodness and the evil of killing.
Analyzes how silko turns her teasing toward younger indians like helen jean, who evaluates tayo as the least friendly male at the y bar, when he is the only one who cares, even briefly, what is going to happen to her.
Analyzes how silko doesn't exclude herself from being teased either. at the end of her innovative portrayal of evil, she allows tayo's grandmother, the archetypal storyteller, to indicate her boredom
Analyzes how old grandma shook her head slowly, and closed her cloudy eyes again.
Opines that the narrative irony is a joke at all of us — silko felt she had written an original work about evil, indians worried about her modernization of the stories, whites who believed the test of art was originality, or maybe entertainment, rather than spiritual power.
Analyzes how silko has given non-indian readers enough clues to enjoy her inside jokes.
Analyzes how tayo carries irony as far as black humor. when other barflies buzz about their equality with whites, he tells a more truthful, and by contrast, ironic narrative.
Analyzes how emo mocks traditional indian values, despises everything living, and spends his time spreading contempt, resentment, idleness, pleasure in the humiliation and suffering of other people.
Analyzes how silko sees through emo's descriptions and can see where his black philosophy must end. she thwarts evil and establishes the good in a new and more complete harmony.
Analyzes how tayo's refusal to be caught up in the dynamics of mutual destruction is comical because it seems cowardly, as whites judge bravery, even disloyal, by army standards. his hiding behind the rock is his least white, least hateful action.
Analyzes how silko brings in a third type of black humorist, the one who steals the tricks of the blackest jokers and uses them against their owners.
Analyzes how silko's celestial laughter shows that indian civilization is living and has the potential to transform anglo culture.
Marriage in the Victorian time period was carefully contemplated, as Rosenberg addresses that “Wedding ceremonies were seen as an expression of Victorian social values that that the Queen wished to renounce, while on the other hand, such occasions were viewed as having national and collective significance” (Rosenberg 98). Love played a very tiny role in the Victorian Era marriages. An engagement was more approached as a business deal. Once married all possessions went to the husband as property. Anatolyevna emphasizes how “Victorian weddings should be transformed from a formalized procedure to a celebration, a holiday for a young couple in honor of their initiation” (Anatolyevna 1) The Marriage and Wedding Customs of the Victorian time period are interesting because they are religious, strict, unique, and elegant. First of all, the Victorian time period wedding mores were intriguing because of their strong connection to religion. Terpening explains that “in the sense that marriage is an act through hardship and trial, people who led Christian lives were rewarded by enjoying years with their spouse” (Terpening 22). Even though in the Victorian time period their marriages were arranged, if you and your spouse had the same religions beliefs your marriage will be strong and last longer than other couples. People during the Victorian time believed that if you didn’t practice the same beliefs of your partner your marriage would fall apart or be in great bitterness. Religion played a big role in the Victorian wedding ethnicities but the harsh laws of marriage were a huge part for weddings during this time period. Next, the Victorian time period Wedding traditions were remarkable because of the firm traditions. Author Kat Stromquist ment...
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how marriage and wedding customs of the victorian time period were religious, strict, unique, and elegant.
Explains that the victorian time period wedding traditions were remarkable because of the firm traditions.
Explains that the victorian age wedding customs were attention-grabbing because of their elegance. queen victoria set the trend for white wedding gowns and white floral arrangements.
Analyzes how queen victoria used the magnolia and stephanotis flower as the center piece of the wedding. the victorian era wedding traditions were more symbolic and connected to their laws.
Analyzes antatolyvena, shapovalova yanina's "victorian wedding ritual in the 1950-1980s: traditions and innovations".
Explains rosenburg-friedman, lilach, and the shertok family debate, 1922. israel studies review 27.1 (2012): 98-124.
Explains that stromquist, kat. "royal weddings in romantic britian."
Describes terpening's "cheese wedding cakes- a new wedding tradition."
In Leslie Marmon Silko’s novel Ceremony, we are introduced to a young man by the name of Tayo. We learn that Tayo is half white and half Native American and has just returned from World War II. The central conflict in the novel is Tayo’s struggle to heal himself and a find a balance between the two cultures he identifies with. Silko guides her readers through Tayo’s cycle of change and explains concepts such as how “witchery” allows for certain actions to take place, the consequences that arise from interaction between Native American culture and white culture, and various symbolism that is present in the novel.
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how silko guides readers through tayo's cycle of change and explains concepts such as "witchery" and the consequences that arise from interaction between native american culture and white culture.
Explains the importance of understanding the role of native americans in u.s. society. they have settled and lived on this land for thousands of years, however they are now near extinction.
Explains that native americans used their creativity to build their homes, weave their clothing, make baskets, and other essentials to carry out tasks.
Explains that native americans lost their sense of community and began to see early signs of adversity throughout the 1800s and 1900s.
Analyzes how silko uses the term "witchery" to illustrate evil. tayo goes to betonie in order to find healing.
Analyzes betnoie's assertion that native americans use the white people as a tangible item to blame for their suffering because they don't want to admit that they contributed to their own suffering.
Analyzes how silko uses tayo as an example of how native americans contribute to their own suffering.
Analyzes how "witchery" is used to describe the evil that resides within individuals. betonie says that native americans allowed white people to act the way they did towards them.
Analyzes how "witchery" created two different groups and the concept of racial hierarchy. the dominant white group believes that other ethnic groups do not have the same intellectual abilities as they do.
Analyzes how silko shows how everyone views tayo differently because he is half white and half native american. the identity crisis is a critical factor to his healing towards the end of the novel.
Analyzes how silko builds on the interaction between the two cultures in the novel. tayo wants to fit into one of the cultures he identifies himself with but neither of them fully accepts him.
Opines that the interaction between the american government and the native americans reminds us of the mistakes we have made as a nation.
Explains that native americans and american settlers did not hold the same meaning of what land really meant. they viewed land as something that should be respected and shared.
Analyzes how the interaction between the two cultures becomes a paradox during the time of the war. native americans are forced to assimilate to american standards and fight for the country.
Analyzes how silko symbolizes this paradox in her novel as well through tayo who is portrayed as a returning veteran from world war ii.
Analyzes how the title of the book, ceremony, portrays the white people's ignorance towards these ceremonies and the underlying importance of native american tradition.
Analyzes how silko uses spotted cattle as another form of symbolism. the whites believe that the cattle are untamed and wild creatures that should be caged together in fences.
Analyzes how silko's book is part of a cycle of change that spirals on itself and repeats itself.
Chesser, Barbara Jo. “Analysis of Wedding Rituals: An attempt to make weddings more sfdsdfffdmeaningful”. Family Relations. Vol. 29, No. 2. (Apr., 1980) pp. 204-209. [JSTOR]
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how virginia woolf portrays orlando as a modern individual largely because she is free from social conventions and familial pressures other women of the time are subject to.
Analyzes how woolf portrays orlando as a modern individual in terms of the contemporary, representing the emancipated free woman.
Illustrates the idea of marriage as a necessary chore with woolf's comment that couples trudged and plodded in the middle of the road indissolubly together.
Analyzes how woolf's description of marriage in the nineteenth century highlights the lack of rationality regarding marriage and the way it was regarded.
Analyzes woolf's portrayal of marriage as a necessity for women in terms of property, yet in one sense portrays the union as something that does not have to alter lifestyle dramatically.
Analyzes how simmel's argument stems from life in the metropolis, but women and their status through marriage could be included in this.
Analyzes how orlando's comment that the wedding ring must be on the third finger of the left hand shows she holds the opinion marriage is a social necessity.
Analyzes how chesser examines the history of the wedding ring, stating that it is the oldest and most universal marriage symbol.
Analyzes how woolf demonstrates the effect of marriage upon the modern individual. the wedding ring implies female subordination and an inability to escape the marriage contract.
Cites chesser, barbara jo, "analysis of wedding rituals: an attempt to make weddings more sfdsdff
Explains goldman, jane, the feminist aesthetics of virginia woolf.
Explains shanley, mary lyndon, feminism, marriage and the law in victorian england.
Cites simmel, georg, goldman, jane, and taxidou in modernism: an anthology of sources and documents.
For hundreds of years the American Indians inhabited the land of their ancestors, they had learned many skills and appreciations with the land. They worshipped gods of nature and nature was what was most important to them. They enj...
In this essay, the author
Opines that mankiller, wilma pearl, and micheal wallis, have written a book about the chief and her people.
Explains that the cherokee were among the last to go. they were forced out of their lands to a new territory in oklahoma.
Cites pearson, ellen holmes, and sloan, kitty. the encyclopedia of arkansas history & culture: trail of tears.
Cites william g. mcloughlin's after the trail of tears: the cherokees struggle for sovreignty, 1880, and alexis de tocqueville, "present and future condition of the indians."
Krech, Shepard. The Ecological Indian: Myth and History. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1999.
In this essay, the author
Explains that william cronon's changes in the land received the francis parkman prize for the best new book in american history in 1984.
Analyzes how cronon explains historical theories about the process of ecological succession and the dynamic equilibrium model with which ecologists understand ecosystems.
Analyzes how cronon argues that indians and colonists had very different ideas about how the land and its resources should be used.
Explains how the indians contributed to the colonial economy by becoming involved in the fur trade and the market economy, which led to unsustainable exploitation of animal resources.
Explains that european livestock and the demand for timber resources contributed to the degradation and shifting species composition of new england’s ecosystems.
Analyzes how cronon contends that new england's ecology was transformed as the region became integrated into the emerging capitalist economy of the north atlantic.
Explains cronon's creative use of a wide array of sources enables him to take an in-depth look at the forces behind the changing ecology of new england.
Cites cronon, william, diamond, jared, and flores, dan. the ecological indian: myth and history.
Raney, Rebecca. "10 Wedding Traditions with Surprising origins." How stuff works. N.p.. Web. 25 Mar 2014.
In this essay, the author
Explains that the four words "will you marry me?" are the catalyst for much planning for your wedding. the traditions and customs are as unique as the couple.
Quotes michele arrowsmith-rowe's article, "you have always imagined yourself walking down the aisle in a beautiful white wedding gown."
Explains that the wedding cake is a glamorous dessert to celebrate the unification of two people.
Explains that the engagement and wedding rings are put on the third finger of the left hand because it is believed to have a vein symbolizing love forever.
Explains that weddings are a celebration where two people are joined together to start the rest of their lives together make it good. the cake, dress, and traditions should be the more important things to consider when planning your special day.
Explains how the tradition of the white wedding dress got started in yahoo voices.
Marriages during the Renaissance shared common customs such as “crying of the banns” ceremonies, a dowry or gift for the husband’s family, special clothes, and a wedding feast. Commonly, marriages were arranged although Shakespeare’s was not. William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway followed some traditional wedding customs and disregarded others.
In this essay, the author
Explains that marriages during the renaissance shared common customs, such as "crying of the banns" ceremonies, a dowry or gift for the husband's family, special clothes, and wedding feasts.
Explains that marriages were based on realism, not romanticism, and women were expected to bring a dowry to further their wealth.
Analyzes how michael wood discusses the unusual marriage of william shakespeare and anne hathaway in his work shakespeare.
Analyzes how william shakespeare and anne hathaway's marriage shows that despite the prevalence of traditions, not all marriages were the same and that the old ways were not law.
People of more than one culture often have trouble fitting into either; as Pat Mora suggests in her poem "Sonrisas," they "live in a doorway / between two rooms"[Mora]. For example, in Lone Star, Mercedes, who was born in Mexico but resides in Texas, lives up to Mora's description of a "legal alien"--someone who is seen as "an American to Mexicans / A Mexican to Americans"[Mora]. Sheriff Buddy's refusal to publicly acknowledge or inform his son of his affair with Mercedes shows that she does not totally belong to American culture. Mercedes also has trouble fitting in with the Mexican community. Her employees' lack of respect for her indicates her alienation. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Mrs. Turner, who is also of mixed heritage, fits in with neither African-Americans nor whites. She laments that although she has "white folks' features in [her] face...[she is still] lumped in wid all de rest [of the African-Americans]"[Hurston, p.211] by Whites, with whom she tries to be identified. On the other hand, she is also not "usete...
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how multicultural literature emphasizes the search for identity by those of more than one culture. in john sayles' lone star and zora neale hurston's their eyes were watching god, bicultural characters negatively stereotype members of their own "inferior" or "less advantaged" background.
Analyzes how people of more than one culture often have trouble fitting into either. in lone star, mercedes, who was born in mexico but resides in texas, lives up to mora's description of a "legal alien."
Analyzes how mercedes's preconceptions of mexican immigrants lead her to call the border patrol several times to report them as illegals. in their eyes were watching god, mrs. turner shows a similar loyalty to and preference for the white race and culture.
Analyzes how sayles and hurston show that although these characters may try to rid themselves of their native blood, they will always be a part of both cultures.
Compares mercedes's dynamism with that of mrs. turner, who is ostracized by both white and african-american communities.
Leslie Marmon Silko's Ceremony
In Leslie Marmon Silko's Ceremony, the gender roles of three women are significant to the development of Tayo as being half-white and half-Indian. These three women are Tayo's birth mother, Auntie, and Old Grandma. His mother left him when he was four years old and that began his sense of emptiness and abandonment. She could not bear to raise a child that brought the reservation shame by her mistake.
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how the gender roles of three women in leslie marmon silko's ceremony are significant to the development of tayo as being half-white and half indian.
Explains that auntie raised tayo and was the mother figure he lacked. she willingly accepted to take him, but only to "conceal the shame of her younger sister".
Analyzes how tayo realized that there was no place left for him and he would never find peace. auntie may have been a mother figure to him, but she was just someone who looked after him.
Explains that old grandma, unlike auntie, accepts tayo and wants what is best for him. when she rejected the idea of a medicine doctor because he's not "full blood", she got angry and said that if she cared about what others would say about him, she wouldn't care.
Explains that the significance of montano to ceremony is very powerful and vital to the recovery of tayo. she lives up in the rim rock and is in touch with the earth in every way.
Analyzes how tayo falls in love with her, and through her love, he begins to feel alive again.
Analyzes how tayo no longer feels like a walking shadow, but finally real person with feelings and emotions. it is through montano that he discovers himself and ultimately is able to deal