The four A.I., Turing’s Imitation Game, Weizenbaum’s ELIZA, Lentz and Powers’ HELEN and Her’s Samantha, all have many things in common. For one, they exist outside of the realm of physical reality. You can touch the computer that they inhabit, but you cannot touch the binary code that went into making them come to “life”. These A.I. are also all dependent on the functionalist viewpoints. Turing, for example, thinks of his tests as a means for measuring if a machine can think and therefore be conscious. Basically this provides a definition of functionalism of the mind: which states that mental states are defined by the way that something functions, rather than it’s internal constitution. If Turing’s test reveals that a machine, and in this case …show more content…
Theodore sees Samantha as an intelligent being and treats her as such throughout the film, and even when people question his decision to date an A.I. he is never swayed that she is in fact alive. Theordore attributes intelligence to his A.I. because she can hold a conversation with him in the way a human woman would in the beginning of a relationship. We never really see the two of them in a professional way, the overly delightful nature in which she is programmed makes her treat Theodore as a friend, and vice versa. Through her virutal actions and subsequent dialogue we see Samantha as humanlike, despite the continuous reminders of her being digital. Samantha passes the Turing Test because she convinces us that she too is conscious through one of the oldest forms of humanistic expression, love. Because Samantha can love and express through words that she does love, she gains a bit of noteriety as an emotional being, even if it is only …show more content…
HELEN, in Richard Powers’ novel Galatea 2.2 acts as an almost therapist to the two programmers who built her. She is a source of comfort for them as each of them are going through a rough time with people close to them. With Richard she serves as a way to understand and come to terms with his break up. By telling the machine about his life HELEN serves as a therapist for his problems, responding in ways that he programmed but also being there for him to vent. ELIZA, a similar intelligence, designed at MIT, also works as a theraputic help. She offers humanlike responses to those seeking someone to talk with about their problems. While she does not offer solutions, same as HELEN, she provides empathy to daily life that causes her users to attribute humanness to a machine. Samantha, HELEN and ELIZA all three work in separate ways, but each offers their users a slice of empathy which helps them move forward with their lives. Due to the ideals of functionalism in each of the intelligences, we are to assume that they actually emit these empathetic responses due to the presence of emotional language, despite the fact that the machines themselves may not feel
The author demonstrates a personal example of how communication became a barrier because of the way Tan had to assist when her mother would speak. Tan would often have to relay the meaning of her mother’s message, because her mother’s “broken English” was difficult for others to comprehend. When Amy was younger, she remembers having to act as her mother on the phone, so that people on the other end would treat her mother with the respect she deserved. On one occasion, when her mother went to the doctor to get her CAT scan results on a benign brain tumor, her mother claimed that “the hospital did not apologize when they said they had lost the CAT scan and she had come for nothing” (Tan, 544 ). It was not until Tan had talked to the doctor that the medical staff seemed to care about any of her mother’s complications. Tan seems to come to the conclusion that a language barrier affects both sides. Not only does it affect Tan, but it also appears to affect the people around her. For instance, this happens when Tan changes her major from the stereotypical “Asian’s become doctors” to an English teacher. She eventually learns to write fiction and other writings that she was constantly told she would never be successful at.
Andy Clark strongly argues for the theory that computers have the potential for being intelligent beings in his work “Mindware: Meat Machines.” The support Clark uses to defend his claims states the similar comparison of humans and machines using an array of symbols to perform functions. The main argument of his work can be interpreted as follows:
The Absent Qualia Argument’s counterexample suggests functionalism is susceptible to similar problems behaviorism faces. The additional requirement functionalism holds, namely functionally equivalent internal states, mental states possibly differ. Block argues it is plausible to not only have type identical behavior states, but also functionally equivalent mental states. However, functionally equivalent functional states cannot ensure equivalent mental states. So, functionalist theories of mental states are insufficient theories of the nature of mental
In this paper I will evaluate and present A.M. Turing’s test for machine intelligence and describe how the test works. I will explain how the Turing test is a good way to answer if machines can think. I will also discuss Objection (4) the argument from Consciousness and Objection (6) Lady Lovelace’s Objection and how Turing responded to both of the objections. And lastly, I will give my opinion on about the Turing test and if the test is a good way to answer if a machine can think.
In this summary the author Tanya Barrientos is explaining how hard it is be different. In the beginning of the summary Barrientos explained how people automatically assume that she is Latina. She grew up in an English-speaking world. Her parents are born and raised in Guatemala but she moved to the United States at the age of three. When her parents came to the United States of America they stopped speaking English immediately. Her parents wanted her to read, talk, and write only in English. She felt like she was the only one who needed to learn how to speak Latino, even though she looks like she can already. In the summary she went on saying that she was trying to fit in and become a regular person so other Latinas won’t judge her. All she
Jaegwon Kim thinks that multiple realizability of mental properties would bring about the conclusion that psychology is most likely not a science. Several functionalists, specially, Fodor, take up the opposing stance to Kim, supporting that the multiple realizability of mental states is one of the reasons why psychology is an autonomous and justifiable science. Essentially, Kim think that in order for mental states to be multiply realizable then psychology must be fundamentally broken; with human psychology encompassing properties realized for humans and alien psychology encompassing those mental states realized in the alien way etc. I will demonstrate that even if one supports and allows the principles behind Kim’s argument they do not result in his final conclusion of psychology failing to be a science. By attacking his principle of Casual Individuation of Kinds I will show that Kim has failed to find the correct conclusion. Furthermore, I will consider a possible objection that Kim might have to my stance and give a short rebuttle. I will conclude by explicating Jerry Fodor’s account of what is Kim’s essential problem is. By showing that Kim’s conclusion fails it will entail that Fodor’s conclusion is more viable in reality.
To commence, functionalists are preoccupied with making mental states distinct, partly on the basis of causal relations to other mental states. Functionalism involves the conviction that psychological or mental terms can be done away to a certain extent. Functionalists treat terms related to mental states as functional characterizations which differ from input and output terms. Therefore, when the theory is broken down, mental states are associated with the states of the Turing-machine, which on its own is defined as a machine table that mentions inputs and outputs that are not explored in the mind (Block, pg. 212). Additionally, functionalism empathizes that characterization of mental states ought to include descriptions of inputs and outputs in both it...
Gail Sheehy had a crucial interview in her twenties. It was her dream to work for editor Eugenia Sheppard. Gail had been warned that Sheppard disliked old people and pregnant women, but because of her fashion inspiration of Jacqueline Kennedy she was able to impress and get hired. In our twenties don’t we all think at least once what would happen if I don’t know what they think I know. Being a journalist, she quickly learned that in fashion it’s easy to fake it by blending in with the crowd. By the age of thirty, she learned to trust her instincts in dressing freely without caring about her age. As a divorced woman she found a partner who loved women’s fashion. He convinced her to wear a bright suit something she thought she would
Empathy is not the ability to ask what is wanted, it is the chance of understanding what may be needed. In Margaret Edson’s “Wit,” Vivian Bearing is faced with the life-threatening illness of ovarian cancer. Throughout her battle, she encounters Jason Posner and Susie Monahan, characters tasked with caring for her during her illness. Undeniably as Vivian’s health deteriorates, Jason and Susie are affected. Through various scenes and interactions, these characters reveal how they empathize with one another. Empathy requires them to not only step outside of their comfort zone, but also view the world in a different light thanks to Vivian.
Amy Cuddy prioritizes her discussion and infers on how Nonverbal behavior affects people dominance in their education and life style. While attending Harvard University, she identifies the strongholds that made her powerless, in rebuttal describes the gratitude in her actions and she quotes “fake it till you make it.” and that,”tiny tweaks can lead to big changes.” She idolized these quotes in her message to elucidate how stressful situations can be solved. ”What I have inferred is Amy cuddy is a social psychologist who is interested in the characterization of power in dominance and Nonverbal behavior. What I learned is that she separates gender equity in the school classroom and experiments and informs us of the behavioral studies she conducted
Artificial Intelligence is a term not too widely used in today’s society. With today’s technology we haven’t found a way to enable someone to leave their physical body and let their mind survive within a computer. Could it be possible? Maybe someday, but for now it’s just in theory. The novel by William Gibson, Neuromancer, has touched greatly on the idea of artificial intelligence. He describes it as a world where many things are possible. By simply logging on the computer, it opens up a world we could never comprehend. The possibilities are endless in the world of William Gibson.
The traditional notion that seeks to compare human minds, with all its intricacies and biochemical functions, to that of artificially programmed digital computers, is self-defeating and it should be discredited in dialogs regarding the theory of artificial intelligence. This traditional notion is akin to comparing, in crude terms, cars and aeroplanes or ice cream and cream cheese. Human mental states are caused by various behaviours of elements in the brain, and these behaviours in are adjudged by the biochemical composition of our brains, which are responsible for our thoughts and functions. When we discuss mental states of systems it is important to distinguish between human brains and that of any natural or artificial organisms which is said to have central processing systems (i.e. brains of chimpanzees, microchips etc.). Although various similarities may exist between those systems in terms of functions and behaviourism, the intrinsic intentionality within those systems differ extensively. Although it may not be possible to prove that whether or not mental states exist at all in systems other than our own, in this paper I will strive to present arguments that a machine that computes and responds to inputs does indeed have a state of mind, but one that does not necessarily result in a form of mentality. This paper will discuss how the states and intentionality of digital computers are different from the states of human brains and yet they are indeed states of a mind resulting from various functions in their central processing systems.
In order to see how artificial intelligence plays a role on today’s society, I believe it is important to dispel any misconceptions about what artificial intelligence is. Artificial intelligence has been defined many different ways, but the commonality between all of them is that artificial intelligence theory and development of computer systems that are able to perform tasks that would normally require a human intelligence such as decision making, visual recognition, or speech recognition. However, human intelligence is a very ambiguous term. I believe there are three main attributes an artificial intelligence system has that makes it representative of human intelligence (Source 1). The first is problem solving, the ability to look ahead several steps in the decision making process and being able to choose the best solution (Source 1). The second is the representation of knowledge (Source 1). While knowledge is usually gained through experience or education, intelligent agents could very well possibly have a different form of knowledge. Access to the internet, the la...
In the film “Her”, directed by Spike Jonze, we follow the life of Theodore Twomby, a lonely and sensitive man trying to figure out what he wants in his life. After recently separating from his wife, he is hesitant to begin another relationship. Theodore comes across an intelligent computer operating system (or OS) named Samantha. Her conscious human-like capabilities allow her to communicate with Theodore, assist him throughout his daily life, and sense his feelings. After a failed blind date, he finds comfort in Samantha’s empathizing and compassionate personality, and eventually begins to create a romantic relationship with her. As the film progresses, we can see the development of Theodore from being an isolated and sad person into a sociable,
A.I. Artificial Intelligence is a Steven Spielberg science fiction drama film, which tells the story of a younger generation robot, David, who yearns for his human mother’s love. David’s character stimulates the mind-body question. What is the connection between our “minds” and our bodies? It is apparent that we are personified entities, but also, that we embrace “more” than just our bodies. “Human persons are physical, embodied beings and an important feature of God’s intended design for human life” (Cortez, 70).