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Rural-urban migration
Rural-urban migration
Strength and weakness of social capital
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Throughout a person’s life, they are working to increase their self-worth, not only to themselves, but to others. Whether it be through schooling to gain knowledge or working to hone skills, it is an important aspect to becoming a functioning member of any given society. However, there are levels of worth that cannot often be seen on the surface, and thus they are usually taken for granted. These aspects of worth are deemed “Human Capital”, “Social Capital”, and “Cultural Capital”, and are crucial to everyday life, as can be seen within the life of Sou Hang and his family. During the late 1970s, Sou Hang and his family immigrated from Laos and their Hmong roots to the city of Seattle, on the West Coast of the United States. Their experience …show more content…
While they were surrounded by those from a similar culture, it became clear that the Hangs lacked the required knowledge to live in the States on several different fronts. Looking at the idea of Human Capital, this is the concept of what you know, in regards to your skill set and training. This could be seen as knowing how to fix cars, or working on a computer, these skills that one learns are considered their human capital. Looking at Sou Hang, he comes from a culture that does primarily farming, and he himself was a farmer. This knowledge may have been valuable in Laos, but now he is in one of the larger cities in the U.S., and regardless, even if he had been dropped in a farming community, it is unlikely that any of his knowledge would transfer to this new environment. The concept of Social Capital is relatively self-explanatory. It is the idea of one’s worth based on who they know. An example would be that I myself have my job at the UW simply because I was neighbors with the Chief of Staff in an office there. Without that connection, I would have never even heard about the job, let alone been guaranteed it. Looking at Sou Hang, he is living in a brand new country where he doesn’t know anyone except his own family. He may have some similarities with the fellow Hmong in the complex, but they are likely in the same boat he is. Without any sort of skill set or connections, it becomes very difficult for him to get a
In their pursuit of assimilating and calling the US home, they had forged a new identity of Hmong Americans. (Yang, 203) Being Hmong American meant striving to move up the economic ladder and determining one’s own future. They understood that for them to realize their American dream and their “possibilities”, it could only be done so through “school”. (Yang, 139) Yang realized her dream by attaining a Master’s of Fine Arts from Columbia University and publishing books about the Hmong story.
I thought it would be an interesting idea to enlighten and inform people about the Lao Iu Mein and our process of immigrating to the U.S. as well as the challenges we have to overcome. I interviewed my parents, Lao Iu Mein refugees who immigrated to the United States from Thailand. Through this interview, I had a chance to hear for the first time the story of my parents' struggles and experiences as they journeyed to a place where they became "aliens" and how that place is now the place they call "home."
Tachiki, Amy; Wong, Eddie; Odo, Franklin, eds. (1971). Roots: An Asian American Reader. University of California, Los Angeles Press.
Book, S. W. (1976). The Chinese in Butte County, California, 1860–1920. San Francisco: R and E Research Associates.
In our reading for this week, “Asian American: An Interpretative History” by Sucheng Chan and “The New Chinese America: Class, Economy, and Social Hierarchy” by Xianjian Zhao, both collections of information regarding Asian immigrants to the United States of America we are presented with the challenges of these immigrants. Though the two authors used different approaches their intention appears to be documenting, presenting, and recording the history of this migration during the early nineteenth century. As with any large migration of immigrants to any country this caused a significant impact on not only the immigrants life, but that of the residents, the country’s economy, and society.
Change is a common and necessary part of life, however it does not always take the form of a choice. Many times throughout history, people have been pushed from their homes and communities through the threats of warfare and tyrannical rulers, forcing them to start a new life in a land very much foreign to them. Among these many souls who have been displaced, sit the Hmong, who within their culture have had a multitude of families immigrated to America, including the families of Sou Hang and Paja Thao.
Fadiman, A. 1997. The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
Hmong, a Southeast Asian ethnic group, lived an agricultural lifestyle in the hills and mountain regions in Laos, Vietnam, and Thailand after migrating from south of China around 1810-1820 (McCall, 1999; Ngo & Lee, 2007; Tatman, 2004; P. Thao, 1999). During the time the Hmong lived in Laos, approximately 73 percent of Hmong adults did not attend public schools (Reder, 1982). Instead, many Hmong focused on physical labor to provide food for the family as formal education was not essential during the time they lived in Laos (J. K. Lee & Green, 2008; McCall, 1999).
In order to earn more money, people spend more time on their work instead of with their family. However, more money is not equal to the time people spend with the ones they love. In Gladwell’s essay, he claims that degree of personal connection is very important. He states, “[w] hat mattered more was an applicant’s degree of personal connection to the civil-rights movement” (136). Strong ties play an important role in social activism, which directly lead to succeed of social activism. However, strong ties never formed because of money. A strong personal connection is formed by heart, love and time. Money cannot buy emotion and the time people share with their close friends and families. Strong ties not only necessary in social activism, but also important in family. Some people are busy with their work, so they have less time stay with their parents. In order to keep in touch with their parents, they buy expensive cell-phones for their parents and they think they are filial because they do their best to accompany with their parents; however, all of their conversations are trough cell phones instead of face-to-face communication. Therefore, strong ties become weak because people spend their time on working and they suppose the more money they earned, the happier their family will be. Moreover, capitalism makes people have the wrong definition of
Hathaway, David, and Stephanie Ho. “Small but Resilient: Washington’s Chinatown over the Years” Washington History 15.1 (2003): 42-61
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries Chinese men began to flock to America. Following stories of the untold wealth and riches that awaited them on the “Gold Mountain” and escaping the stagnant economic position they experienced in China, these sojourners made their way to the United States by any means possible. Often taking money from supportive family members promising them that upon their homecoming they would repay their debts and more with their newly acquired fortunes was the only way to realize their oversea dreams. These men would make the arduous journey by boat to an unfamiliar new land. Upon arriving to their new home it was not riches that they found but a welcome of hostility and conflict consisting of “prejudice, economic discrimination, political disenfranchisement, physical violence, immigration exclusion, social segregation, and incarceration.” Once in the cities where they were to live, these Chinese men were segregated to enclave communities, often known as “Chinatowns”. Despite the hostilities of the Caucasian majority population many people in these enclaves flourished, opening their own businesses and eventually bringing their families to live with them, or simply making new families. This is very similar to the life of Fong See in “On Gold Mountain”. When he came to find his father, he ended up finding an environment in which his natural entrepreneurial ability would let him realize the life of success many men came to find. Fong See’s experience on “Gold Mountain”, however, was different from the daily toil of the “coolie” labour class, as well as the Chinese merchant class of the time as he strived to live by Chinese custom in an untraditional setting. Fong See started and maintained a ...
What can anthropology contribute to our understanding of man? In 1966, Clifford Geertz set out to answer this question in his article, which was first published in the book New Views of the Nature of Man. While the question is still relevant, today it would likely be phrased in more gender-neutral terms. That said, his clear prose and Geertz’s keen assessment of state of his field alone make it a worthwhile read. At a time when anthropologists were still trying to come to terms with their fields’ problematic legacies of Evolutionism (43-4), Geertz’s text offers a refreshing insight into one of the most formative discussions of modern anthropology (an entail a critique of both cultural relativism and historicism (37?-42)).
Anthropology what a vulnerable observer you are! You may well have to jump into the arms of the scientists if you are going to try to keep your grass hut at the academy! -- Ruth Behar
In society today, the discipline of anthropology has made a tremendous shift from the practices it employed years ago. Anthropologists of today have a very different focus from their predecessors, who would focus on relating problems of distant peoples to the Western world. In more modern times, their goal has become much more local, in focusing on human problems and issues within the societies they live.
The current socio political climate has created enormous tensions across the world and new economic interdependencies raises questions of roles of schools and their preparation of students. (Qi p10). In an increasingly globalised world, it is important that education adapts appropriately. Robert Putnam believes that education has a very powerful effect on trust, as well as social and political participation (Green P1). This ideology is formed from his particular version of Social Capital (SC) theory whereby civic engagement and social capital entail mutual obligation and responsibility. (Putnam BA p21). This essay is designed to examine the extent to which SC can justify IM education and the subsequent repercussions of this.