Solute Potential of Cell Sap of Plant Epidermal Cells
Aim: To estimate the solute potential of a plant tissue.
Results:
Molarity of Solution
Plasmolysed Cells
Percentage of Cells That Were Plasmolysed
.3M
1/70
.01%
.4M
0/70
0%
.5M
5/70
7%
.6M
12/70
17%
.7M
29/70
41%
1.0M
56/70
80%
It must be taken into account, that the experiments procedure was
changed. This could have had a great affect on the results. The part
of the procedure that was changed was the time. Instead of the
epidermal cells being left in the solutions 20 minutes, they were left
for a day. Not only, were they left much longer, but the molarity of
the solutions could have also changed since they were left uncovered
for over 24 hours and some of the water could have been evaporated.
Another factor that contributed to the errors in this investigation
was that all of the data was approximated. Every single cell that
appeared in the microscope was not accounted for and therefore all
collected data is not exact, but instead a rough calculation. Another
error that could have occurred, and that would explain what happened
to the cells that were put in the solution with .4M, is that onion
skin dried out before it was placed in the sucrose water. Also, there
could have been a variation between the different onion epidermis
cells that were used.
Conclusion:
The results of the investigation show that the greater the molarity,
the more plasmolysed cells will appear. Plasmolyses is the shrinkage
of volume of a cell. This is caused by the falling of water
concentrations and ultimately results in the contraction of the
membrane. The most contracted membranes were found in epidermal cells
that were left in the solution with the greatest molarity; in this
Two members of the group were instructed to visit the laboratory each day of the experiment to water and measure the plants (Handout 1). The measurements that were preformed were to be precise and accurate by the group by organizing a standardized way to measure the plants. The plants were measured from the level of the soil, which was flat throughout all the cups, to the tip of the apical meristems. The leaves were not considered. The watering of the plants took place nearly everyday, except for the times the lab was closed. Respective of cup label, the appropriate drop of solution was added to the plant, at the very tip of the apical meristems.
The beet Lab experiment was tested to examine bio-membranes and the amount of betacyanin extracted from the beets. The betacyanin is a reddish color because it transmits wavelengths in red color and absorbs most other colors. The membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The phospholipid bilayer forms a barrier that is impermeable to many substances like large hydrophilic molecules. The cells of beets are red and have large vacuoles that play a big role for the reddish pigment. This experiment aimed to answer the question, “How do cell membranes work?” The hypothesis we aim to test is: Cell membranes work as a fluid mosaic bilayer of phospholipids with many embedded proteins. We predicted that the 50% Acetone will break down the most betacyanin. Our hypothesis was proven wrong by our data collected. We could test our predictions by doing the experiment multiple times and compare the
For the lab experiment for testing the stability of beet cell membranes using pH, many materials were used as follows. Obtaining a beet we punch out cores, using a cork borer. After washing the cores we put each one inside a separate test tube, and added a different pH solution in each one. After 3 minutes in these exposure solutions, we took the beet out with a dissecting needle. Then transferred each beet to a separate test tube containing deionized water. After 20 minutes in these diffusion solutions, we took the beets out with a dissecting needle and discard it. We then stirred each solution in the test tube with a stirring rod, and transferred it to a cuvette. A spectrophotometer was then calibrated, and used to measure the absorbance of each exposure solution, and diffusion solution.
The hypothesis for this experiment was that the cell fraction in the cuvette marked P2 will have more chloroplast activity because it will exhibit greater color change and differences in the absorbance readings compared to the other cuvettes when exposed under the condition of light; moreover, this notion was believed to be so because the more a cell fraction is centrifuged, the more intact chloroplasts we’ll find (Leicht and McAllister,
Diffusion and osmosis are necessary for the efficient transport of substances in and out of living cells. Diffusion is the most common and effective transportation process between cells and their surroundings, the movement of a substance along a concentration gradient from high to low, allowing essential nutrients and compounds to be transported without expending energy. Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion, specific to water. In order to observe diffusion and osmosis in real and artificial cells, a series of experiments was put together to observe how the surface area to volume ratio effects the rates of diffusion by using agar in different shapes with different ratios, next the rate of diffusion due to tonicity was observed using different solutions with different tonicities. And lastly live plant cells were submerged in different solutions with varying water potentials to observe how was potential effects the rate of osmosis and diffusion. It was concluded that the larger surface area to volume ratio, the faster rate of diffusion, the hypertonic solutions caused water to leave a cell and the hypotonic solutions allowed water to enter a cell, and that water potential will move from high to low in an attempt to maintain equilibrium.
Investigation of the Concentration and the Effect of Sucrose on Osmosis in Apple and Potato Tissues
The purpose of the Tonicity lab was to help identify the effects of an isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solution to a slice of potato. The difference between diffusion and osmosis is that diffusion is the movement of particles or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of a lower concentration. While osmosis consists of the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable from a region of high water concentration to the region of less water concentration (Major Differences). Tonicity is the ability of a solution to ?alter the internal water volume of a cell? (Difference Between Solution, 2013). An isotonic solution should keep their normal shape; the osmotic pressure outside the cell has the same pressure within the cell. A hypotonic solution, are more dilute and contain a lower concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than cells. In contrast, a hypertonic solution have a higher concentration of
Due to protonic natureconsists of protein, it is smooth and water resistant and it is the outermost thin layer.Meanwhile there is a propensity to mistake primary wall with the cuticle, but these are particular and distinctive structures botanical view. During their life cycle, at some stage, cuticle are presented in the air, usually consider a characteristic of cells [10]. The structure of the cuticle has been determined that it is often extremely thin as comparatively few plants. The general principles explained by Lee and Priestley that are appropriate to the cuticle. These substances primarily is in an oily film in the form of deposit, travel through the primary wall, later it shrinks to varnish-like cover known as cuticle. The state of combining and nature of the fat are significant in order to defining the kind of cuticle. For example, in comparison to sodium oils, potassium and magnesium, calcium salts of unsaturated fatty ac-ids having minor solubility. The comparative proportions of oils in a thinner cuticle bases in the soil can affect the cuticle’s thickness because oils are more
For a plant cell the cell wall is the most important, without question; ribosomes are the most needed cell in the animal cell.
Cells were first discovered by Van Leeuwenhoek. He coined the term cell. After cells were discovered the cell theory came out which states. All living things are made of cells, cells come from preexisting cells, and cells are the smallest unit of organized life. When Van Leeuwenhoek first discovered cells he described them as looking like monk's cell room. There are two main types of cell Prokaryotes cells and Eukaryotes cells. Eu means true. Eukaryote cells have a true nucleus. Kary means nucleus. Cyto means cell. Prokaryote and Eukaryotes have a nucleus. Pro means before. Prokaryotes came before eukaryotes which means they are primitive. Prokaryotes are bigger than eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are smaller than eukaryotes. Prokaryotes
Aim of the research: The aim of this investigation is to determine what kind of effect will the increasing temperature have on the plasma membrane of a beetroot cell.
the gain or loss of water when samples of the tissue are placed in a
The nucleus is alluded to as the heart of the cell. The nucleus houses the hereditary material of the living being which is the DNA. DNA replication and RNA blend happens in the nucleus. It controls the exercises of the other cell organelles subsequently an imperative cell organelle. The cell nucleus is bound by a distinct layer called the atomic film that isolates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The nucleus regulates all activity of the cell by controlling the enzymes. The government on earth emulates this as it creates laws and keeps the people in order. Both of these forces carry out decisions and controls that make the cell\Earth able to function. They both make final decisions that is recognized by all the
is put in pure water it will become turgid and it will not burst due
If a plant cell is places in a hypotonic solution the cell has a lower water concentration to that of the solution. Water will move into the cell by osmosis from a high water concentration outside the cell to a lower water concentration inside the cell through a selectively permeable membrane. The cell becomes turbid