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What is independence
Social Movements for civil rights
Social Movements for civil rights
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Evidently, there is much overlap between these movements. “Argentina’s economic crisis made the failures and limitations of the neoliberal capitalist system clear” (Mason-Deese, 2016: 83) and forced much of the resistance out of sheer necessity. The resistance movements discussed are forms of new autonomous social movements (Sitrin 2012: 61) they all display aspects of horizontalism. When the movements insist on horizontalidad they signify the lack of hierarchy evident in these alternatives. They show that “people making decisions together is an integral component of the day-to-day revolutions taking place” throughout Argentina (Sitrin, 2012: 61). Essentially, the people chose to put “the reproduction of life over the reproduction of capital” (Mason-Deese, 2016: 84).
The Plaza de Mayo Mothers movement demonstrates that women’s resistance movements are not only empowering for achieving their individual aims of political change, but for being the living example that women are not confined to stereotypes and norms surrounding the idealisation of women (Sutton, 2007: 153). They show women discovering their own power, and whose political participation as protagonists makes real change. They also, as discussed, opened the opportunity for many other women to
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Through organising territorially in their own personal spheres of everyday life. This feminisation of resistance is evident here through the participation and leadership of women, but more so in the acknowledgement of care work as valuable and necessary. They demonstrate that through “women’s bodily presence in street demonstrations during strategic protests and other political events makes it more difficult to deny that politics is indeed a woman’s place” (Sutton, 2007:
Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for America’s Independence. By Carol Berkin (New York: Vintage Books, 2006). 194 pp. Reviewed by Melissa Velazquez, October 12, 2015.
Blackwell puts together the first book-length study that talks about the roots of the Chicana movement. She talked about all the struggles that they faced for being activist; and the real life stories of what other women went through. Being an activist does not seem easy but the way they fight for what they believe in, can influence many other women who are scared to stand up for what they believe. As Blackwell stated in the acknowledgement vii, stories do have the power to inspire, transform and
Mrs. Dove-Wilcox and Miss Hazel advocate for violence as one of the only tools left to them. The “strong militant” action that they call for is, according to Mrs. Dove-Wilcox’s speech, something that they will “have to adopt in the near future”; the language used leaves room for nothing but necessity. This necessity is echoed by historian June Purvis, who agrees that “militancy was a necessary step for winning the vote”, just as Mrs. Dove-Wilcox argues for the past failure of purely “constitutional”, peaceful methods. In a similar vein, Miss Hazel argues that women must be militant, because they cannot participate in any of the state forces levelled against the suffragettes, claiming that women are only “strong enough to attack public property…all we can do is talk and be
The woman suffrage parades of 1910–1913: Possibilities and limitations of an early feminist rhetorical strategy by Jennifer Borda is fashioned during a period when annual parades were being introduced for the first time in the United States. The parades stimulated a unity among US women empowering them to discuss their progress and elaborate on the future needs. As such, the parades amalgamated the women’s feminist movement enabling them to pursue an audience from the political leaders at that time (Borda, 2011, p. 213-216). However, Borda vocalizes the challenges postured by the parades could impede the feminine movement and bring disparity to their image. Therefore, the divergence among women triggered the derailment of advocating for women’s justice.
A revolution occurs when a need for drastic change is necessary to alter ones way of living. The change they are fighting for would end up to be a positive impact once victory prevails, but of course with every battle there are disagreements and violent quarrels. Revolution may seem to be a negative connotation, but there are always two sides to every story. Just like many other countries around the world a Latin American country called Mexico went through a revolution of their own. Although the Mexican Revolution was mainly fought for the distribution of land, it opened a gateway for the women. One of their main issues during the Mexican revolution dealt with women and their struggled determination for equality. Having many roles in society with restrictions placed upon them, an urge for mobilization, and a wonderfully strong woman role model named Hermila Galindo, it gave them all a reason for the extra push they needed for the change they wanted for the future. Being able to finally put their voice in action the women of Mexico fought proudly for what they believed was right.
Sometimes, in order to have justice in this world, violent actions need to be taken to be able to get a point across and fight for what is fundamentally right. In today’s society, feminism is viewed as a non-violent way of having the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes. However, it was not always like that. In order to have the level of equality modern societies have today, daring and sometimes violent things took place. A case in point being the Suffragette movement in the early 20th century. Over the years, the Suffragettes faced many challenges and winning feats such as being granted their right to vote federally, but their actions and the actions taken by one of their most successful groundbreakers, Thérèse Casgrain, are the reason why women can now be treated equally in Canadian society.
Thus, Sick Woman Theory is born: "Sick Woman Theory is an insistence that most modes of political protest are internalized, lived, embodied, suffering, and no doubt invisible. Sick Woman Theory redefines existence in a body as something that is primarily and always vulnerable”
In the U.S., feminism is understood as the rights of women (usually affluent white women) to share the spoils of capitalism, and imperial power. By refusing to fully confront the exclusions of non-whites, foreigners, and other marginalized groups from this vision, liberal feminists miss a crucial opportunity to create a more inclusive and more powerful movement. Feminist movements within the U.S. and internationally have long since accepted that, for them, feminism entails the communal confrontation of not only patriarchy, but capitalism, imperialism, white supremacy, and other forms of oppressions that combine together and reinforce their struggle. It means the fighting for the replacement of a system in which their rights are negated in the quest for corporate and political profit. It includes fighting so that all people anywhere on the gender, sexual, and body spectrum are allowed to enjoy basic rights like food, housing, healthcare, and control of their labor.
Today, nothing remains of the former social role of women. Nearly all professions are open to women. The numbers of women in the government and traditionally male-dominated fields have dramatically increased. More women than men earn bachelor’s degrees. Many women's groups still prevail and are major political forces. Although the two movements hoped to achieve different things and used different tactics, they still came together to gain women’s rights and have achieved more than anyone would have ever anticipated.
Throughout nineteenth century Europe and leading into the twentieth century, the division and integration of equal rights and liberties towards both genders was a predominant issue. From the 1860’s and beyond, male suffrage was expanding due to working-class activism and liberal constitutionalism, however women were not included in any political participation and were rejected from many opportunities in the workforce. They were considered second-class citizens, expected to restrict their sphere of influence to the home and family, and therefore not encouraged to pursue a beneficial education or career. Because they were seen as such weak entities, the only way they were able to advocate their interests and dissatisfaction was through their own independent organizations and forms of direct action. With hard work towards improving women’s involvement in the workforce and towards political emancipation, womanhood gradually became redefined. When looking back on these crucial times in history, it is necessary to view how various images and ideas of females represented such integral symbols in modern Europe that influenced the pivotal changes they succeeded in putting forward. Earlier photos show women in society as solely conforming to what society wants them to be, however later this changes and images of women go against what is seen as appropriate and advertise the efforts made towards gender equality.
World Book, Inc. “The Rise of the Modern Women’s Movement.” The Modern Women’s Movement. 2004 ed. 1. 2 May 2005 .
...ntries women are restricted in where they can and cannot work. Most commonly, they seem to be restricted from jobs in which physically taxing tasks are the norm. This is no doubt due to the stereotype that women are fragile and weak and must be protected (a stereotype that can hold true, but that is not always true). This also seems to be consistent across culture. However, despite the fact that these restrictions were enacted to protect women, they place heavy limitations on women’s opportunities. Furthermore, these are not the only injustices many women across the world face. However, the only way to fight these injustices is to increase women’s participation in politics, as discussed in the UN report from 2008. It is absolutely vital that women be able to actively participate in politics without letting gender discrimination and stereotypes get in the way.
A growing population of women’s activists can be attributed to the growing number of courses being offered and information available. Only a few decades ago this would not have been heard of. It is due to the increasing amount of awareness on the topic of women’s status as second class citizens that activism has increased. Through various media, we have learned of topics such as the “glass ceiling”, the working conditions of women in Third World countries, the current injustices against women being carried out in the First World, reproductive rights, as written about by Angle Davis, and other limitations imposed on women.
...action with others… especially men. This supplies final substantiation of the authors' argument, that women continue to be oppressed by their male-dominated societies. It is a bold undertaking for women to ally and promote a world movement to abandon sexist traditions. Although I have never lived in a third world or non-Westernized country, I have studied the conditions women suffer as "inferior" to men. In National Geographic and various courses I have taken, these terrible conditions are depicted in full color. Gender inequality is a terrible trait of our global society, and unfortunately, a trait that might not be ready to change. In America we see gender bias towards women in voters' unwillingness to elect more females into high office, and while this is not nearly as severe as the rest of the world, it indicates the lingering practice of gender inequality.
McLaughlin, J. (2003). Feminist social and political theory: Contemporary debates and dialogues. Hampshire, Great Britain: Palgrave Macmillan.