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Tragedies in greek mythology essay
Ancient Greek and modern tragedies
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In Sophocles’ Antigone, the embodiment of a tragic hero or tragic heroine is personified by two contrasting characters, Creon and Antigone. This comparison establishes a controversial theme that prevails on the true quality and conduct of the “tragic protagonist.” Despite similar efforts to exceed human limitations and ascend to the status of divine authority, Creon and Antigone suffer from personal weaknesses and downfalls, which allow them to partake in tragic actions that provoke the debate whether their character’s execution of the role of a tragic hero is far more superior to the other. On behalf of Aristotle’s criteria, Creon is presumed to be a tragic hero because of his hubris, unfortunate demise, and more specifically, recognition …show more content…
Antigone pursues a life guided by divine law, in which she is subservient to each and every proclamation of the Gods and preserves her virtuous destiny. By embracing an honorable reputation in compensation for protection from the gods, Antigone convinces herself that she possesses the intelligence and greatness to disobey Creon’s civil orders and perform a sacred burial for her brother, Polyneices. For example, Antigone denounces Creon’s edict of providing Eteocles with a holy burial, while leaving Polyneices to rot above land and be devoured by birds. She even insists that the risk of death by punishment neither, instills fear nor proceeds as a burden, in which her brother’s burial will satiate her need for greater glory. Determined to bury her beloved brother for the sake of piety and morality, Antigone states, “I shall suffer nothing so great as to stop me dying with honor” (Sophocles 25). Aware of her dedication and devotion to sanctity, Antigone deems it unacceptable for an injustice to strike her family, without the perpetrator of the injustice being punished by the gods. She refuses to surrender to Creon’s power as she knows his mandates deceive and belittle the gods. Therefore, as Antigone entrusts her destiny in the hands of the divine powers, she also confides in their absolute authority, cleverly …show more content…
Admired and adored within her native land, Antigone is held on the “high pedestal of justice” by the citizens of Thebes, who are represented by the chorus (Sophocles 53). More importantly, Antigone’s act of betrayal shocks Creon as he wills for her to become the new bride of his son, Haemon. However, although Antigone is highly revered, she realizes her family is tainted by miserable fates and that her origin emerges from the incestuous evils of her mother and father. Recalling the unavoidable pain and suffering of her parents, she states “You speak of my darkest thought, my pitiful father’s fame, spread through all the world, and the doom that haunts our house, the glorious house of Labdacus” (Sophocles 53). The unfortunate experiences of constant doom and grief as a child oblige Antigone to carry out a sense of integrity for her family through the acts of Polyneices’ burial, as well as her own death. Seeking justice and honor in a crude and abrupt manner, Antigone uses her noble stature to defend her brother’s burial, causing the chorus to proclaim her fierce disposition as a resemblance of her father. Antigone will not yield to trouble, even if her fate foresees greater suffering. In fact, she summons the gods of her father’s land as witnesses to the cruel suffering she, the last line of royalty, is forced to endure by her own people. Despite her
Like her parents, Antigone defies a powerful authority. Unlike her parents though, that authority is not of the gods, but rather of a person who thinks he is a god: Creon, Antigone's uncle, great-uncle, and king. He proclaims that the body of Polyneices, Antigone's brother who fought against Thebes in war, would be left to rot unburied on the field, “He must be left unwept, unsepulchered, a vulture's prize....” (ANTIGONE, Antigone, 192). Antigone, enraged by the injustice done to her family, defies Creon's direct order and buries her brother.
Antigone is a powerful character, strong-willed, determined and at times self-righteous. She is contrasted by her sister Ismene, who is weak and powerless. Though Antigone is a powerful character, she has no real political power and is dominated by one man, Creon. Creon is both the ruler of the state as well as the patriarch of her family. Antigone was raised by Creon’s house after her own father went in to exile. Antigone is betrothed to Creon’s son, Haemon, further cementing Creon’s power over her. There is one aspect of life that Antigone does have legitimate power in and that is her family, especially her blood line. In ancient-Greek culture the women’s place was in the home, she was responsible for household things and often wasn’t even allowed to leave the house. It is because of this responsibility that Antigone needed to bury her brother Polynices even though it went against the decree of Creon. Antigone also had the gods on her side. It was an unwritten rule of ancient Greek society that the dead must be buried, otherwise bad things may happen. This rule, because it was unwritten and therefore innate, was protected by the gods, specifically Hades, the god of the underworld and family.
After being locked up in a dark, damp cave, Antigone was fed up with wallowing in her own pity, and takes her own life by “hang[ing] by the neck in a fine linen noose, strangled in her veils,” (1347–1348). Seeing the graceful young woman embraced in the arms of his own son, Creon immediately swells with anger towards un-masculine Haemon because of his display of love, and the significance of Antigone’s death goes straight over his head. Her strong sense of self – knowing who she is, what she values, and what makes her happy – enables her to make regretless decisions that alter her time to come. One of those decisions instigated Haemon’s fate to be sealed as well, prompting Eurydice, mother of the prince, to join her son in the underworld. Not long after becoming aware of her child’s downfall, Eurydice sacrifices her life at the heart of the palace, and “raised a cry for the noble fate of Megareus, the hero killed in the first assault, then for Haemon, then with her dying breath she called down torments on [Creon’s] head–[Creon] killed her sons,” (1429–1432). Creon’s heart fills with grief, for the fault of these three deaths lies with him, and pathetic self-pities are the only thoughts running through his mind. Despite the three-deceased’s blood lying
Antigone, as a character, is extremely strong-willed and loyal to her faith. Creon is similarly loyal, but rather to his homeland, the city of Thebes, instead of the gods. Both characters are dedicated to a fault, a certain stubbornness that effectively blinds them from the repercussions of their actions. Preceding the story, Antigone has been left to deal with the burden of her parents’ and both her brothers’ deaths. Merely a young child, intense grief is to be expected; however, Antigone’s emotional state is portrayed as frivolous when it leads her to directly disobey Creon’s orders. She buries her brother Polynices because of her obedience to family and to the gods, claiming to follow “the gods’ unfailing, unwritten laws” (Sophocles 456-457). CONTINUE
A tragic hero is an individual who makes an error, or commits an action, that eventually causes his or her own defeat, or leads to their downfall. This character evokes pity from the reader, or audience, and is typically royalty; is of high-rank. In addition, a tragic hero has a tragic flaw, or makes a fatal mistake in judgement, occasionally caused by immoderate pride, and obtains a punishment that surpasses the crime. This individual causes his or her own downfall, but most importantly, they portray the quality of tragic realization, or recognizing their tragic flaw and understanding how their actions helped cause their own obliteration. In his tragic play, Antigone, Sophocles introduces two characters that could be given the title of tragic hero, Antigone and Creon. Although many may argue Antigone is the tragic character of the play, Creon is the true tragic hero because he ideally depicts the aspects of tragic flaw and tragic realization.
The origin of the Sophocles’ Greek tragedy “Antigone” has created much controversy about the definition of a tragic hero, as defined by Aristotle. A literary character that makes a judgment error that leads to his/her own downfall. Both Creon and Antigone challenge each other’s conception of the divine and civic law while each has lawfulness in their argument. It is evidently noted that Antigone is the hero of the tragedy; she was a romantic idealist whose beliefs on family loyalty and religious values could not be condemned by civil laws.
As George Orwell once mentioned,” A tragic situation exists precisely when virtue does not triumph but when it is felt that man is nobler than the forces which destroy him”. Similarly in Sophocles, Antigone, King Creon can be regarded as a tragic hero despite his staged villain role because it is his arrogance and power that destroys him. Although one can argue that the hero of the play is Antigone and that the play is centered on her journey through pain and suffering, they must come to realization that the true hero is Creon for he goes through the most physical and mental pain and must suffer an irreversible spiral of doom. Like several other tragic heroes’ that fit Aristotle’s depiction, the hero embodies the characteristics of having a noble birth, tragic flaw, reversal of fortune, and finally a realization of his/her mistakes. To Begin, Creon is a tragic hero because he comes from a Nobel birth and holds the high authority of the King.
A Greek drama is a serious of actions within a literary presentation in which the chief character has a disastrous fate. Many Greek dramas fall under theatrical category of a tragedy due to the tragic events and unhappy ending that cause the downfall of the main character. During the famous play “Antigone” the Greek author Sophocles incorporated several features of a tragedy. These features include a morally significant dilemma and the presence of a tragic hero. Grand debate over which character can hold the title of the tragic hero has discussed in the literally world for ages. A tragic hero can be defined as someone with a substantial personality flaw that causes them to endure great suffering with a reversal of character near the end. Antigone possesses certain traits that could potentially render her the tragic hero but Creon truly embodies all characteristics. Creon is the tragic hero in “Antigone” due to several qualities he displays throughout the play; he can’t accept a diminished view of himself, he endures great suffering and he is enlightened in the end.
Since the play’s inception, there has always existed a contention concerning the true hero of Sophocles’ Antigone. It is a widely held belief that Antigone must be the main character simply because she and the drama share name. This is, of course, a very logical assumption. Certainly Sophocles must have at least meant her to be viewed as the protagonist, else he would not have given her the play’s title. Analytically speaking, however, Creon does seem to more categorically fit the appellation of “Tragic Hero.” There is no doubt as to the nature of the work, that being tragedy. Along with this genre comes certain established prerequisites, and Creon is the only character that satisfactorily fits them all.
In the awe-inspiring play of Antigone, Sophocles introduces two remarkable characters, Antigone and Creon. A conflict between these two obstinate characters leads to fatal consequences for themselves and their kindred. The firm stances of Creon and Antigone stem from two great imperatives: his loyalty to the state and her dedication to her family, her religion but most of all her conscience. The identity of the tragic hero of this play is still heavily debated. This tragedy could have been prevented if it had not been for Creon's pitiful mistakes.
Throughout literary history, tragic heroes have been defined as a great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy who is destined for downfall, suffering, or defeat. However, philosophers such as Aristotle tried to find connections between tragic heroes in Greek plays. This in-depth analysis of tragic heroes lead Aristotle to create six criteria for a true tragic hero: He or she has to be a Noble figure of royalty and noble in character, has to be imperfect by design, has a flaw or error that is a choice, is punished excessively for this choice flaw, has to undergo a downfall that leads to a realization, and the story of this tragic hero has to make the audience reach a moment of catharsis or purging of emotions. A prime example of a tragic hero that fits all of these criteria is Creon from the play Antigone, written by Sophocles in 441 BC. The story of Antigone is a tragedy that describes a stubborn and proud king named Creon who refuses to allow a burial for the brother of Antigone. Creon’s excessive pride leads to a series of unfortunate events resulting in the death of Antigone, his son Haemon, and his wife Eurydice. Throughout the course of the play, Creon undergoes each standard that is required by Aristotle’s terms to be a tragic hero.
In the play, Sophocles examines the nature of Antigone and Creon who have two different views about life, and use those views against one another. Antigone who is depicted as the hero represents the value of family. According to Richard Braun, translator of Sophocles Antigone, Antigone’s public heroism is domestically motivated: “never does [Antigone] give a political explanation of her deed; on the contrary, from the start [Antigone] assumes it is her hereditary duty to bury Polynices, and it is from inherited courage that [Antigone] expects to gain the strength required for the task” (8). Essentially, it is Antigone’s strong perception of family values that drive the instinct to disobey Creon’s orders and to willingly challenge the King’s authority to dictate her role in society.
In the Antigone, unlike the Oedipus Tyrannus, paradoxically, the hero who is left in agony at the end of the play is not the title role. Instead King Creon, the newly appointed and tyrannical ruler, is left all alone in his empty palace with his wife's corpse in his hands, having just seen the suicide of his son. However, despite this pitiable fate for the character, his actions and behavior earlier in the play leave the final scene evoking more satisfaction than pity at his torment. The way the martyr Antigone went against the King and the city of Thebes was not entirely honorable or without ulterior motives of fulfilling pious concerns but it is difficult to lose sight of the fact that this passionate and pious young woman was condemned to living imprisonment.
In Sophocles' Greek tragedy, Antigone, two characters undergo character changes. During the play the audience sees these two characters' attitudes change from close-minded to open-minded. It is their close-minded, stubborn attitudes, which lead to their decline in the play, and ultimately to a series of deaths. In the beginning Antigone is a close minded character who later becomes open minded. After the death of her brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices, Creon becomes the ruler of Thebes. He decides that Eteocles will receive a funeral with military honors because he fought for his country. However, Polyneices, who broke his exile to " spill the blood of his father and sell his own people into slavery", will have no burial. Antigone disagrees with Creon's unjust actions and says, " Creon is not strong enough to stand in my way." She vows to bury her brother so that his soul may gain the peace of the underworld. Antigone is torn between the law placed against burying her brother and her own thoughts of doing what she feels should be done for her family. Her intent is simply to give her brother, Polyneices, a proper burial so that she will follow "the laws of the gods." Antigone knows that she is in danger of being killed for her actions and she says, "I say that this crime is holy: I shall lie down with him in death, and I shall be as dear to him as he to me." Her own laws, or morals, drive her to break Creon's law placed against Polyneices burial. Even after she realizes that she will have to bury Polyneices without the help of her sister, Ismene, she says: Go away, Ismene: I shall be hating you soon, and the dead will too, For your words are hateful. Leave me my foolish plan: I am not afraid of the danger; if it means death, It will not be the worst of deaths-death without honor. Here Ismene is trying to reason with Antigone by saying that she cannot disobey the law because of the consequences. Antigone is close-minded when she immediately tells her to go away and refuses to listen to her. Later in the play, Antigone is sorrowful for her actions and the consequences yet she is not regretful for her crime. She says her crime is just, yet she does regret being forced to commit it.
In the Greek play Antigone by Sophocles is very different from traditional plays or tragedies. Not only does the play have two prominent characters, Antigone and King Creon, the two characters also function as a tragic hero. However, which of the two character is the real tragic hero? Antigone’s tragedy is from conflict and passion. To really understand which of the two character is the ‘real’ tragic hero, one must understand the definition of a tragic hero.