Austin Meng
Rogers
Honors Chemistry
04 November 2014
Honors Chemistry Literature Review Rough Draft Around this time of the year, there are many ski resorts that will begin to open their services soon. However, what happens when there isn’t enough “natural” snow for everyone to have a good time? Often times, these ski resorts will utilize silver iodide to produce artificial precipitation, so that they do not shut down, lose business, etc. However, using such a chemical will naturally pose this question concerning the surrounding environment: How does silver iodide affect its surrounding environment when used to modify natural weather courses and phenomenons? The implementation of silver iodide into the atmosphere is not restricted or limited
…show more content…
Arlen Huggins answers in an interview conducted by Moseman (2009), “One thing people discovered early on is that the structure is very similar to that of ice. The lattice structure at the molecular level is very, very close”. Therefore, the silver iodide, in a way, “tricks” the atmosphere into producing excessive precipitation as a result of a release of silver iodide. The similar molecular structure proves to show its extreme effects as Huggins states in Moseman’s interview (2009), “If you had a large basin like I work with, between 300,000 and 500,000 acre-feet*, a 10 percent increase would equal 30,000 to 50,000 more acre-feet of water. If you can do that, it's very economically sound”. After the utilization of such a chemical, water/precipitation could be stored, saved, filtered, distributed, etc., and perhaps, it could help locations that are lacking in water. This does bring up suspicions of inserting a foreign object into the air, as Moseman (2009) writes, “As a pollutant, silver iodide is almost overshadowed by smokestacks spewing kilotons of pollution, or by auto exhaust”. Therefore, while being a “pollutant” by certain definitions, the silver iodide is a chemical that is not particularly harmful to the surrounding atmosphere or the people living in the area beneath. While a single chemical could not entirely resolve conflicts of droughts, it will very likely aid in the preservation …show more content…
(2014, February 20). Weather modification. Retrieved from http://britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/638346/weather-modification
Bruintjes, R. (May 1999) . “A Review of Cloud Seeding Experiments to Enhance Precipitation and Some New Prospects”. Retrieved from: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080%3C0805:AROCSE%3E2.0.CO;2
Ćurić, M., Janc, D., Vučković V. (2007, February 1). Cloud seeding impact on precipitation as revealed by cloud-resolving mesoscale model. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00703-006-0202-y#page-1
Guo, X., Zheng, G., Jin, D. (2005, April 5). A numerical comparison study of cloud seeding by silver iodide and liquid carbon dioxide. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809505001420
Givati, A., Rosenfield, D. (2005). Separation between Cloud-Seeding and Air-Pollution Effects. Retrieved from http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JAM2276.1
Moseman, Andrew (2009, February 19) . “Does cloud seeding work?” Retrieved from
National Weather Service. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, 5 Jan. 2010. Web. 2 Feb. 2010. .
scattering of thin, high clouds. From a vantage point atop one of seven hills I
Denissen, J. A., Butalid, L., Penke, L., & van Aken, M. G. (2008). The effects of weather on
Helmenstine, Anne M. "Colored Snow Chemistry - Causes of Colored Snow." About.com Chemistry. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 May 2014. .
"RealClimate: Water vapour: feedback or forcing?." RealClimate RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. .
Lake effect snow was not a quick discovery compared to other forms of weather. In the 1800’s when there was no satellites or weather radar to track a storm, early day forecasters would have to get observations from spotters across the country and provide a one and two day forecast on the type of weather that may ...
Cloud formations have always been observed by people, many centuries before our time. People were always fond of clouds. They always wondered why some clouds were dark and others were white and fluffy, and why some clouds are so up high and others were so low that they looked reachable by the human hands.
• The use of a catalyst will speed up the reaction as long as the catalysts electrode potentials are feasible for each step in the reaction. Since a catalyst lowers the activation energy and takes the reaction through a different route, according to the Maxwell-Boltzmann diagram, at a constant temperature more particles are able to react as demonstrated by the diagrams below:
"Climate and CO2 in the Atmosphere." Climate and CO2 in the Atmosphere. University of California, San Diego, 2002. Web. 26 June 2014. .
Once upon a time high above the earth, fluffy white clouds drifted through the atmosphere. In the clouds lived a family Droplet of water, round and content with life. For as long as I could remember, I spent my days lying on my back, relaxing and soaking up the sun's warm rays. One day, I took my usual place in the sun but the light didn't seem to be as bright. In fact, as the day went on, it grew darker and darker, loud claps of thunder shook the cloud, and the Droplet felt as if he were getting so heavy he could hardly move. This is called precipitation.
Although when there is less moist air developing over the northern Indian ocean less clouds full of precipitation is moved to southern Australia and victoria greatly impacting the rainfall for the usual time periods over winter and spring.
A climate model is a mathematical representation of the climate system based on physical, biological and chemical principles. The equations derived from these laws are so complex that they must be solved numerically. As a consequence, climate models provide a solution, which is discrete in space and time, meaning that the results obtained represent averages over regions, whose size depends on model resolution and for specific times (Goosse).
Obviously, farmers are feeling the effect first hand. Many fields of crops are dry because farmers are being forced to bring in reserve water as a substitute of the runoff they normally take from snowcaps.
cause a greater amount of evaporation from lakes, rivers, and oceans. In some areas this could be
Water vapor increases as the Earth's atmosphere warms, but so does the possibility of clouds and precipitation, making these some of the most important feedback mechanisms to the greenhouse