Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
The ethics of abortion
Abortion as ethical dilemma
Abortion as ethical dilemma
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: The ethics of abortion
Sex Selection and Pre-selection are Unethical and Unwise
It wasn't until 1975 that scientist Ronald J. Ericsson, Ph.D. began studies that eventually led to what we refer to today as sex selection and/ or pre- selection. He began his determination by studying whether or not enriched sperm would aid in the offspring of a desired gender. This process was first established in the 1970s in which scientists stained X and Y sperm in order to identify them. Thorough studies have been accumulated during the last three decades due to an increase in the perceived need for a "balanced family" and "planned pregnancy" in regards to the "chosen baby." Sex selection and/or pre-selection, despite one's preference of gender, is a scientifically unethical and unnecessary technique due to its accustomed procedures and questionable results.
Sex selection can take place by genetically testing, or by taking ultrasound images of the developing fetus, resulting in abortion due to an undesired gender. The practice of sex selection can also take place after the birth of the child, "[.] when one or both parents kill their baby" (Dixon), also through the process known as partial birth abortion. If a couple does not take into consideration reasonable procedures prior to conception, the undesired baby is typically aborted. When a couple realizes, proceeding conception, that the child that they would be having is a girl, their only alternative is abortion if the gender is undesired. A woman can choose to have a deliberate induction of a miscarriage in which the fetus and placenta are vacuumed out of the uterus, or a partial birth abortion in which an abortionist creates a hole inside the baby's skull, that remains inside the birth canal, and drains...
... middle of paper ...
...John I. "Sex Selection: Choice and Responsibility in Human Reproduction."
The Society for the Protection of Unborn Children.22 January 2003. .
Gosden, Roger. "Designing Babies: The Brave New World of Reproductive Technology." W.H. Freeman and Co., New York, 1999. 116.
Hung, J, and Peng, X. "Chinese Traditional Medicine and Abnormal Sex Ratio at Birth in
China." Journal of Biosocial Science. 31 Oct 1999: 487-503.
"Sex Selection." Ethics in Obstetrics and Gynecology. November 1996.
.
"Sex Selection and Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis." Fertility and Sterility: TheEthics Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Technology. 72. 4.(1999).
United Nations. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. New York. 10 December 1948. Article 2.
Savulescu also bring up the potential physiological risks associated with sex selection. Some evidence shows that sex selection can be damaging to the embryo however there is not sufficient research to support this claim1. Savulescu involves this claim in premise 1 stating that the risks associated with procedure should be scientifically investigated, as they do not interfere with the morality of sex selection as an end. If the procedure itself needs to be investigated it should according to Savulescu but the morality of having the procedure should not change because of
Catalano, Michael. "The Prospect of Designer Babies: Is It Inevitable?" The People, Ideas, and Things (PIT) Journal. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May 2014.
A recent Court of Appeal ruling looked at preimplantation and IVF selection and how it was possibly going to be prohibited in the UK. Therefore, there are many factors that need to be discussed to whether or not it should be outlaw...
Of?"http://www.siumed.edu/medhum/electives/HealthPolicyMedia/wk5Stock.pdf 22.11 (2003). Rpt. in Designer Babies. Ed. Clayton Farris Naff. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2013. At Issue. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 2 May 2014.
Congressional terms have no limits. Controversy exists between those who think the terms should be limited and those who believe that terms should remain unlimited. The group that wants to limit the terms argues that the change will promote fresh ideas and reduce the possibility of decisions being made for self-interest. Those who oppose term limits believe that we would sacrifice both the stability and experience held by veteran politicians. They also point out that our election process allows the voter to limit terms, at their discretion. While experience and stability are important considerations, congressional terms should be limited to a maximum of two.
For many years, infertile couples have had difficulty facing the reality that they can not have children. According to Nidus Information Services Incorporated, 6.2 million women in the United States are infertile. This problem leads to many options. A few options have been used for a long period of time: the couple could adopt a child or keep trying to have a child themselves. For those couples that want to have their own children, there are new options arising. In vetro fertilization is an option that gives couples the chance to have a doctor combine the male's sperm and the woman's eggs in a petri dish and implant them into the woman's womb after the artificial conception. This may result in multiple pregnancies - more than five in some cases. This does not only occur in implantation, however. Many times the patient's doctor will ask her to consider selective reduction: aborting a few fetuses to save the ones she can. In a case of multiple pregnancy, selective reduction should be considered an option.
“Partial-Birth Abortion is a procedure in which the abortionist pulls a living baby feet-first out of the womb and into the birth canal (vagina), except for the head, which the abortionist purposely keeps lodged just inside the cervix (the opening to the womb).” (National Rights to Live, nrlc.org)
Perkins, H.F.. A Decade of Progress in Eugenics: Scientific Papers of the Third International Congress of Eugenics. 1993 Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Company.
There have been many perspectives of the Congress, especially whether members of congress should have term limits or not. This issue has been controversial and has been wanted since a very long time, but why? Well to start off the Congress, which is the legislative branch of the federal government, represents the American people and makes the nation's laws. While it only has the only 1/3 the power of the federal government Congress under Article I of the constitution Congress has the power to: make laws, declare war, raise and provide public, impeach and try federal officers, approve presidential appointments, approve treaties negotiated by the executive branch, and oversight investigations. Reasonably the citizens of America would elect members of congress who would do their best to support the needs of America citizens while keeping the country in a stable condition, but Americans trust in Congress has diminished and has brought up the issue of whether Congressmen should have term limits.
According to them, the idea of free trade was the foundation for the expansion of influence into foreign areas like Asia and Africa. In essence, informal empires acted as the basis for nineteenth century European Imperialism. Not only did it remind powerful colonizers of the power of economic manipulation, but it instilled a greed within the minds of colonizers that motivated them to seek out more land and resources. The colonizer mindset that was so prevalent in the era of Cortes and Columbus maintained its influence in the 1800s, as well, leading to the formal empirical rule that shaped the modern era. Robinson and Gallagher’s theory holds much significance as it directly affects how territories are divided amongst countries and how government systems are built around the
Ricci, Mariella Lombardi. "Assisted Procreation And Its Relationship To Genetics And Eugenics." Human Reproduction & Genetic Ethics 15.1 (2009): 9-29. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 Apr. 2014.
Madison, J. (1788, Feb. 19). The Federalist no. 57: The alleged tendency of the new plan to elevate the few at the expense of the many considered in connection with representation. New York Packet. Retrieved from http://constitution.org/fed/federa57.htm
"Reproductive Technologies." Bioethics for Students: How Do We Know What’s Right?, edited by Steven G. Post, vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 1999. Opposing Viewpoints in
There is a movement sweeping the United States that state legislatures, by virtue of the Tenth Amendment, have the constitutional power to establish a new qualification for federal office, specifically, a restriction on the number of terms their congressional delegations may serve in Washington. The legal battleground covers two sections of the Constitution. Proponents of term limits will highlight Article I, Section 4, which they say gives each state the authority to prescribe the "time, place and manner" of congressional elections, therefore delegating to the local level the rules of who gets to run. Opponents will counter that such an interpretation of the Constitution is much too broad. They will also point out that the exclusive qualifications for members of the House of Representatives and the Senate are explicitly set forth in Article I, Sections 2 and 3 - members of Congress must be at least 25 years old and citizens of the U.S. for at least seven years; Senators must be at least 30 years old and citizens for at least nine years; both Senators and Representatives must be residents in the state. Plainly, they reiterate, there is no reference to term limits. Opponents of term limits argue that Americans have always had the power to turn incumbents out of office - by voting. It's not that simple, says Cleta Deatherage Mitchell, the general counsel for the Term Limits Legal "Incumbents have such enormous advantages that it makes the whole notion of competitive elections a mockery," she says. "It almost takes a national temper tantrum to dislodge incumbents". Meanwhile, Hill points to the existence of one federal-term limit - the two terms of the President. "The nation has survived, indeed flourished," she...
Test tube babies have long been stigmatized by society as the unnatural results of scientific dabbling. The words `test tube baby' have been used by school children as an insult, and many adults have seen an artificial means of giving birth as something perhaps only necessary for a lesbian woman, or a luxury item only available to the elite few. The reality is that assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been helping infertile couples have children since 1978.1 The methods of in vitro fertilization, it's variants, and the other ART procedures are ways for persons that would otherwise have no hope of conception to conceive and, in a rapidly growing percentage of cases, give birth to healthy babies. As the technology has developed, the quality and range of assistance has developed as well. At present, the means of assisted reproduction and the capabilities of these procedures has grown at a somewhat dizzying pace. However, thought to the repercussions of the applications of ART are being disregarded to some extent while the public's knowledge and the understanding of embryologists and geneticists surges forward. It is possible given consideration to things such as the morality of these techniques, the unexplored alternative uses of these procedures, and the potential impact they posses that further development is unnecessary and possibly dangerous.