A firewall is a set of related programs, located at a network gateway server, that protects the resources of a private network from users from other networks. (The term also implies the security policy that is used with the programs.) An enterprise with an intranet that allows its workers access to the wider Internet installs a firewall to prevent outsiders from accessing its own private data resources and for controlling what outside resources its own users have access to.
Basically, a firewall, working closely with a router program, examines each network packet to determine whether to forward it toward its destination. A firewall also includes or works with a proxy server that makes network requests on behalf of workstation users. A firewall is often installed in a specially designated computer separate from the rest of the network so that no incoming request can get directly at private network resources.
There are a number of firewall screening methods. A simple one is to screen requests to make sure they come from acceptable (previously identified) domain name and Internet Protocol addresses. For mobile users, firewalls allow remote access in to the private network by the use of secure logon procedures and authentication certificates.
A number of companies make firewall products. Features include logging and reporting, automatic alarms at given thresholds of attack, and a graphical user interface for controlling the firewall.
Encryption is the conversion of data into a form, called a ciphertext, that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized people. Decryption is the process of converting encrypted data back into its original form, so it can be understood.
The use of encryption/decryption is as old as the art of communication. In wartime, a cipher, often incorrectly called a "code," can be employed to keep the enemy from obtaining the contents of transmissions. (Technically, a code is a means of representing a signal without the intent of keeping it secret; examples are Morse code and ASCII.) Simple ciphers include the substitution of letters for numbers, the rotation of letters in the alphabet, and the "scrambling" of voice signals by inverting the sideband frequencies. More complex ciphers work according to sophisticated computer algorithms that rearrange the data bits in digital signals.
In order to easily recover the contents of an encrypted signal, the correct decryption key is required. The key is an algorithm that "undoes" the work of the encryption algorithm. Alternatively, a computer can be used in an attempt to "break" the cipher.
Coding and encryption were two very important elements in the use of espionage. Enigmas were cipher machines that were based mainly on a wired code wheel. The wired code wheel, known more commonly as a rotor, would be shaped similar to a hockey puck made of non-conductive material, such as rubber, and have two sides, an input plate and an output plate and around the circumference are 26 evenly spaced electrical contacts. The 26 contacts on the input plate would be connected by wired through the body of the rotor to the 26 contacts on the output plate. An alphabet ring would then be placed around the rotors 26 contacts therefore creating a cipher alphabet.
What is encryption? Encryption is a technological technique that protects and secures the transfer of plain text information between two sources through the use of the internet. This is done by rearranging the text using a mathematical algorithm that renovates the message into an indecipherable form, which can only be unlocked and translated with a use of a key. The strength of the encryption key is measured by its length, which is determined by the number of bits and by the type of encryption program.
Firewall features are provided at the base of network virtualization platforms to bring about segmentation. It allows automated provisioning and context sharing across virtual platforms which lead to increased visibility and security across applications on virtual or physical workloads. This would have been impossible in the past as it would compromise either security or performance. Improved security through virtualization helps you gain mileage over challenges that would otherwise ruin your reputation among clients (Kotsovinos,
The ever evolving method of cryptography, or sending messages through code, can be traced throughout the history of the world. Early Egyptians communicated through mysterious hieroglyphics. Ancient Greeks concealed secret messages beneath wax on tables or with tattoos on a slave’s head. During the Renaissance in Europe, citizens would use a substitution cipher to carry messages about political and religious revolutions. During World War I and previous battles, most countries used codes to contact their navy or army branches abroad, in case of enemy interception. Which subsequently brings us to World War II, and the major role that codebreaking played in the results of the war. Some of the main codebreaking events during World War II, the breaking
Law enforcement uses several methods to solve all types of crimes. Having a variety of ways to help solve an investigation gives officials an advantage. If one method fails or isn’t helpful, there are several others they can rely on. For instance, if there are no physical witnesses to a crime, the criminal may have left a fingerprint at the crime scene. An individual’s fingerprint is unique, “no two persons have exactly the same arrangement of ridge patterns” (“Fingerprint ID”). Fingerprints of criminals and of civilians are collected and stored. Also, “People who apply for government jobs, jobs that handle confidential information, banking jobs, teaching jobs, law enforcement jobs, and any job that involves security issues can be fingerprinted” (“The First ID”). Fingerprints are processed within hours and minutes through the Integrated Automated Fingerprint ID System. This system was developed in 1991, and made it easier for different law enforcement agencies to store and share fingerprints.
There are many terms which have been introduced by the field of encryption. Each of these terms are need to understand this discussion. Plaintext is the original document to be transmitted or stored on a computer system. Ciphertext is the encrypted document. ...
The video is of President Bush when he is signing the Bill for the “Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act” from the White House on the 17th of Dec, 2004. A key point that I took away from this video is with the Presidents opening statement, “In a few minutes, I will sign into law the most dramatic reform of our nation's intelligence capabilities since President Harry S. Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947. “ The reason that I feel that this statement is so profound is that it took a stateside terrorist attack to realize that there was a discrepancy with the way that the intelligence community operated. In these times many can not go two years without the need to purchase the next big thing. The way that any community has positive progression is by reviews and improvements. Not only did the intelligence community change 55 years, but the way that society started a change to the entitlement generation where society now feels as if they are entitled to information regardless of the impact to national security.
Enigma machines were built to make coding and decoding messages easier. As explained by Andrew Hodges, a mathematician and author, “The basic principle of using an Enigma machine was that its rotors and rings and plug board would be set up in some particular way, and then the message would be encrypted, the rotors automatically stepping round as this was done,” (171). So after the initial state of the machine was decided normal by the cipher clerk, the message would be typed on a message going out into a “26 letter keyboard,” stated by William Jacobs a writer and producer, encrypting it causing the rotors to move as he typed the message (1). During this part of the process the machine encodes the message by replacing the words with random groupings of letters. An electrical signal is sent through a maze of wires and every time a key is pressed the rotating wheels turned lighting up a specific bulb showing an encrypted letter. Upon receiving the code, the decipher would need to know the machine’s initial state to be able to use the message he received in any means of communication. He would then take the encrypted code and decipher it using an Enigma Machine. Although it seemed to be a very simple process Carol Marshall, Computer Science Manager states, “… the Germans refined and improve their encryption tool so that it was used constantly throughout the war,”
Encryption refers to the translation of data into secret serial characters. It is the most successful medium to achieve security of data. To access an encrypted file or data, a user must have the secret key or password to allow the entry to the data for decryption. Encrypted data is called cipher text whereas an unencrypted data is referred to as plain text.
Cryptography during the 1940’s when the U.S. became were involved in World War II had a huge beneficial impact on the outcome of many key battles. Its impacts helped to snowball certain Military and Naval strategies because of their knowledge of the enemies next offensive threats. The improvements made over decades to the study of cryptology, made deciphering codes more efficient and ultimately turned the tables for the allies after the Battle of Midway.
Network Security is the protection of the computer’s network though out the entire infrastructure. It can protect very important information and computer files to help prevent theft, spyware, malware, viruses, and more. Depending on if you have a public or private network, can determine what type of security settings you need for your network. All people are different on what they want to have secured or not, but most people do not know how to prevent people or things from getting in their network. “You must have a general understanding of security terminology and specifications as it relates to configuring hardware and software systems.”(Roberts, Richard M. 599). That quote states that by knowing and understanding security terms and specifics, you can
The packet-filtering firewall will keep out unauthorized data from entering the network and reduce the number of ports that are accessible by the users and outside threats.
Computer science is a vast field that includes nearly everything relating to computers. Everyday there is information transmitted all over the Internet. Pictures are uploaded, transactions are made on thousands of online retail websites, and banking transactions take place everyday on the Internet. All of these transactions have created a need for secure communications. People wish to keep things like banking, medical, and political information from the eyes of unwelcome parties. This has created a need for cryptography. Cryptography is the science or study of the techniques of secret writing, especially code and cipher systems, and is used by everyone from the average citizen to the government and military.
In order to have an effective physical security program you need to know what you are protecting and why you are protecting it. Physical Security encompasses the protection of people, places, things, and data. Protecting each of these elements requires different pieces of equipment or different avenues but the philosophy of the protection is the same. In this I mean that you are protecting from unauthorized access to the places, people, things, and data.