Rote Rehearsal vs. Imagery
ABSRACT
This investigation is similar to Bowers (1972) study where he
investigated the two conditions of Rote rehearsal and Imagery.
An independent groups design was selected to represent in my
experiment because there was a restriction in the amount of time
available. An opportunity sampling which consisted of a single blind
technique was used. Thirty members within the residential area of
Helston were chosen to take part in this procedure. This incorporated
them taking part within a memory maintenance and elaborative rehearsal
test. Fifteen residents represented the control group and fifteen
represented the experimental group.
The results of this research reflected in the standardized deviation
(SD) =3.20 and a mean value =13.07 (imagery). The results for the SD
=2.47 and a mean value =11.13 (rote). These results support my
alternative Hypothesis as there is a significant difference between
the two conditions. As the imagery group recalled a larger amount of
words compared to the rote rehearsal group.
Introduction
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Memory has been described in many different ways, but we could
describe it as a mental function by which we are able to retain and
retrieve information about events that have happened in the past, or
present. (Cardwell, 1996, p153).
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) suggested that memory is made up of a
series of stores. One is the sensory information store (SIS); the next
one is the short-term memory (STM) and the long-term memory (LTM). The
stores differ in their encoding, storage and retrieval
characteristics. (See Fig 1.) The SIS incoming information is
registered by the senses and held in the system until the image fades.
This information is held as a sensation in a sensory system e.g.
visual system. The capacity of SIS is between five and nine items. The
duration of SIS lasts about one quarter of a second. Forgetting is due
to sensation within the sensory system rapidly fading away. The STM is
selected for further processing of information from the SIS. It is
Actors involved in Clash of the Titans (1981) and in the remake of the film in 2010 had to imagine themselves fighting off giant scorpions, a reptilian Medusa, and the dreaded Kraken. Despite the incredible special effects of today’s technology, Clash of the Titans (2010) lacks the creativity and imagination that originally brought the film to life in 1981. The use of CGI causes movies to become more realistic and believable as the technology improves, but at a terrible cost--the audience’s involvement. The audience is unable to form as much of an emotional attachment to the story told in the 1981 version of the film as the 2010 version because the special effects take away the need for the audience to use their imagination. The audience is much more engaged and involved in the 1981 story because viewers must use their own imagination to play along with the actors in the film.
Memory is an important and active system that receives information. Memory is made up of three different stages sensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory. According to the power point presentation, sensory memory refers to short storage of memory that allows an individual to process information as it occurs. Short term memory refers to memory that is only available for a limited time. It is information that is held for seconds or sometimes even minutes. Long term memory refers to memory that is stored for a long period of time and it has an unlimited capacity with the ability to hold as much information as possible. Retrieval is key and it allows individuals to have memories. Episodic memory refers to memory for events that we
The second stage of memory processing is storage. Aronson et al. (2013) defines storage as the process by which people store the information they just acquired. Unfortunately, memories are affected by incoming information through alteration or reconstruction. This phenomenon is referred to as recon...
Memory is a group of related mental processes that are involved in acquiring, storing, and retrieving information (Hockenberry and Hocenberry page 232). I will be addressing two specific types of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory holds temporary information transferred from sensory memory or long-term memory. Sensory memory is the first stage of memory and obtains information for a brief amount of time. Short-term memory is also called active memory and is stored in the prefrontal cortex which is the most active part of the brain during an activity. Short-term memory can hold information for roughly twenty seconds, but sensory memory holds information for a shorter amount of time. We usually store things such
Mechanical or rote repetition of the information is a great way to remember this information. The more time you spend rehearsing the information the longer the information will be remembered. This is actually a poor way of remembering things because it doesn’t make the information meaningful; “surface processing”. Elaborative Rehearsal is a more effective way of remembering information through “deep processing”, which is relating the information to information you already know. This technique is used in more in the education system than maintenance rehearsal. Even with these two ways to store things we still run into filling errors. Filling errors are where your brain has filed information incorrectly. The final step in the memory process is retrieval. Retrieval is the locating of stored information and returning it into your conscious thoughts. There are a few cues that help us retrieve them, such as priming, context, and state. Priming is the nonconscious identification or words and objects, by referring in to particular representations or associations in the memory just before carrying out the action or task. The memories that come back to your conscious mind when you are in a certain place or area are called context, dependent memories. When you are in a certain emotional state you many retrieve memories of when you were also in that same emotional
Furthermore this article expands upon this subcategory of memory by describing the two types of tasks involved with it: verbal-production ta...
Imagination encourages the diversity of religious beliefs, but may lead to the conflicts between people with different religious beliefs. The conflicts may be diminished if knowledge and imagination are integrated.
Mental rotation Mental rotation is another classic cognitive psychology paradigm, which was devised by Roger Shepard at Stanford. To understand how this task works, take a look at the shapes in the top panel (A) of Figure 12.3. The two shapes are the same; the one on the right has been rotated clockwise by about 90°. By contrast, the pair of shapes on the bottom row (B) do not match. If you look carefully, you will notice that they are mirror- Earworms and Imagery 5 images of each other, so that even if you rotate the shape on the left clockwise by 90°, it won’t match up with the shape on the right.
Michael is struggling to remember small things. Michael is struggling to pay attention to his studies and is also stressing at work. He is told things and quickly forgets them or he’s hearing information and not being able to remember what he learned. Michael complains that he is stressing about work, but could that be causing him to forget things so quickly?
This essay will firstly briefly describe the theories and important facts about the original multi-store model of memory (MSM) and the working memory model (WMM).
While reading "Neuromancer", one may become extremely baffled if he or she cannot interpret the terminology used or the framework in which the book is written. Hence, the use of the formalistic approach is necessary in order for the reader to actually understand the concepts trying to be declared by Gibson. Through the formalistic approach one can begin to see that Gibson uses repetition, and specific word choice to set the tone for the novel, and imagery to relate the content of the book to the lives of his readers.
Memory is the tool we use to learn and think. We all use memory in our everyday lives. Memory is the mental faculty of retaining and recalling past experiences. We all reassure ourselves that our memories are accurate and precise. Many people believe that they would be able to remember anything from the event and the different features of the situation. Yet, people don’t realize the fact that the more you think about a situation the more likely the story will change. Our memories are not a camcorder or a camera. Our memory tends to be very selective and reconstructive.
In a literary piece, the reenactment of a certain type of reality is directly assimilated by the mimetic criticism of readers, concerning their experiences in the real world, the present world and the literary world. Various postmodernist writers employ this technique in their writings for the purpose of engaging and interacting their readers with the realist ideas they present throughout their work. Reality is presented in different ways so that it essentially influences the reader’s perspective concerning the interpretation an author has about the real world. For this reason, I will follow Theo D’haen and argue that Nabokov and Calvino synthesize the “real” reality of Realism and the “psychological” reality of Modernism to redefine a mimetic reality for their readers, by examining the position of Theo D’haen, the novels: Lolita and In a Winters Night, A Traveler and Gunter Bebauer’s stance on Mimesis.
Learners have shown that the acquisition of knowledge is a two-input contribution were an individual must strive to make sense of fresh information by actively implementing prior knowledge to be able to understand a new subject. The reason why no certainty can be entirely drawn from imagination or intuition is because both ways of knowing base off their processing of information in the same way; with the help of previous knowledge the mind has already acquired somewhere else. Therefore ideas and thoughts that claim to be born out of imagination and intuition turn out to be a mere hybrid interpretation of previously processed ideas. Intuition and imagination provide juxtaposition because even though they're supposed to be ideals defined by creativity
In The Effects of Mental Imagery on Athletic Performance, Anne Plessinger describes mental imagery as the imagining of the execution of an action without actually performing the action. Plessinger also explains that mental imagery not only includes visual senses, but also auditory, olfactory and kinesthetic senses (4). Studies have demonstrated that mental imagery prior to athletic performance leads to better results than the execution of the action alone. Plessinger describes an experiment that consisted of a control group and an imagery group who were told to complete specific golf skills. It was concluded that the imagery group performed better because they had higher goals and expectations of themselves (4).