America's greatest and most influential authors developed their passion for writing due to cataclysmic events that affected their life immensely. The ardent author Richard Wright shared similar characteristics to the many prominent American authors, and in fact, attained the title of most well-known black author of America. Richard Wright created many important pieces of literature, that would impact America's belief of racial segregation, and further push the boundaries of his controversial beliefs and involvements in several communist clubs.
Wright's troubled past begins as a sharecropper while only a child. His childhood remained dark and abandoned. Richard Wright's father left him and his mother while he was only a child. The several episodes of dereliction resulted in the brief introduction of the orphanage. Subsequently his mother grew ill, and he lived with his grandmother whom treated him with brutality. Shortly after, he began a journey of rebirth and renewal, from the discriminant south to an opportunistic Chicago 1927. At this point in time, Wright began to develop his works through study and reading. His many jobs gave him the wealth and experience, along with many hardships and personal encounters to write about. Therefore, in his newfound love for literature and writing, he began to establish a firm foundation for himself by publishing an increasingly large amount of poetry and writing the early versions of Lawd Today and Tarbaby's Dawn. However, his name did not only attract those who wanted to appreciate a modern style of literature that would shake that grounds of racial distortion, but also attract the prying eyes of the public whom viewed his involvements in the Communist clubs, such as the Chicago John Reed...
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...the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People. The continuation of his success revealed his true reason for awards and acclamation could be found in his constant development of writing books and novels. These novels that Wright feverishly worked on were intended to follow the release of Native Son. However, due to his popularity of Native Son, he began to work with another individual by the name of Paul Green in order to produce different forms of his writing. Soon he would publish the stage performance variant. Although not as popular as the novel variant, the stage edition remained a hit with his supporters and audience. As Wright grew with age, he began to settle down and in March 1941 married Ellen Poplar. During his phase which allowed him to partake in various other forms of literature he eventually finished his draft of “American Hunger.”
That’s when I first gained an appreciation of the Harlem Renaissance, a time when African Americans rose to prominence in American culture. For the first time, they were taken seriously as artist, musicians, writers, athletes, and as political thinkers”(Kareem Abdul-Jabbar). African Americans writers during this time was capturing the beauty of black lives. Blacks were discovering many reasons to have pride in their race. Racial pride was helping them achieve equality in society. People were starting to write the way they wanted, instead of the ways whites wanted. Creating their
Picture this, having to travel over 10,000 miles to get something you really wanted accomplished. This is one of the interesting points Mitch Kachun brings up about Mr. Wright in his essay “Major Richard R. Wright Sr. National Freedom Day, and the Rhetoric of Freedom in the 1940’s. In this essay he not only tells the very interesting story of Wright’s life but he also goes in details about everything that came up in his way and what he did to change the world and mold it to what we see today. One thing Kachun reminds us in this paper is to never forget or past and where we came from, because if we do we will repeat it. Also to pay our respects to a wonderful man who paved the way for us African American college students to be in the place that we are today.
...ng dwelled in because he was an useless African American in the eyes of the racist, white men. Little did he know that this decision he made in order to run away from poverty would become the impetus to his success as a writer later on in life. In Wright’s autobiography, his sense of hunger derived from poverty represents both the injustice African Americans had to face back then, and also what overcoming that hunger means to his own kind.
James Wright was a poet that dealt with many hardships in his life, but he found a way to turn those negative moments into beautiful works of poetry. As a child, he lived in poverty with his family and later on suffered with depression and alcoholism. Growing up in Ohio, Wright learned how to work hard which is reflected in his poetic achievements. Wright turned his struggles into poems and for him to be able to achieve success through his pain is what makes his work American. Frank McShane wrote “The Search for Light” in Peter Stit and Frank Graziano’s James Wright: A Profile, and in the book McShane includes: “James Wright knew how restricted most American lives were” (131). For Wright to be able to live the “restricted” life McShane is discussing,
Out of bitterness and rage caused by centuries of oppression at the hands of the white population, there has evolved in the African-American community, a strong tradition of protest literature. Several authors have gained prominence for delivering fierce messages of racial inequality through literature that is compelling, efficacious and articulate. One of the most notable authors in this classification of literature is Richard Wright, author of several pieces including his most celebrated novel, Native Son, and his autobiography, Black Boy.
When he was fifteen years old his mother died from appendicitis. From fifteen years of age to his college years he lived in an all-white neighborhood. From 1914-1917, he shifted from many colleges and academic courses of study as well as he changed his cultural identity growing up. He studied physical education, agriculture, and literature at a total of six colleges and universities from Wisconsin to New York. Although he never completed a degree, his educational pursuits laid the foundation for his writing career. He had the knowledge of philosophy and psychology. He attempted to write when he was a youth, but he made a choice to pursue a literary career in 1919. After he published Cane he became part of New York literary circles. He objected both rivalries that prevailed in the fraternity of writers and to attempts to promote him as a black writer (Clay...
Tanner, Laura E. "Uncovering the Magical Disguise of Language: The Narrative Presence in Richard Wright's Native Son." Appiah 132-146.
James Baldwin was born in Harlem in a time where his African American decent was enough to put more challenges in front of him than the average white American boy faced. His father was a part of the first generation of free black men. He was a bitter, overbearing, paranoid preacher who refused change and hated the white man. Despite his father, his color, and his lack of education, James Baldwin grew up to be a respected author of essays, plays, and novels. While claiming that he was one of the best writers of the era could be argued either way, it is hard to argue the fact that he was indeed one of the most well-known authors of the time.
Macksey, Richard and Frank E. Moorer, eds. Richard Wright: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1984.
Jones, Norma R. "Robert E(arl) Hayden." Afro-American Writers, 1940-1955. Ed. Trudier Harris-Lopez. Detroit: Gale Research, 1988. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 76. Literature Resource Center. Web. 19 Feb. 2010. .
Born in 1867 Wisconsin, Frank Lincoln Wright grew up in the comfort and influence of a Welsh heritage. The Lloyd-Jones clan, his mother's side of the family, would have great influence on Frank throughout his life. Unitarian in faith, the extended family lived within close proximity to each other thus enabling a strong support system for those born or married into the clan. Great themes within the Lloyd-Jones clan included education, religion, and nature. Wright's family spent many evening listening to William Lincoln...
William Dean Howells was a conservative author who kept himself hidden from his writings. Unlike Mark Twain, whom he met in 1869, Howells was less energetic and concealed his emotions more. I believe his love for writing probably emerged from his father's side; William Cooper also had some of his work published starting in 1852. Growing up in Ohio and working at printer's shops and local newspapers, Howells worked as an editor and critic for many magazines. He easily recognized other rising writers and their talents. For example, he helped Mark Twain achieve success he already had experienced himself. Although good friends, they had opposite views in their writings. Twain was more enthusiastic, wilder, and energetic, while Howells kept to himself and expressed less. However, they shared a few of the same early experiences: printing shops and newspaper jobs, and moves to the East. Though poor and big with seven siblings, Howells's family was close and he was strongly affected by his father's championing of reform movements and of his own literary readings. As a novelist, his writings gave attention to details of everyday lives of ordinary people. It rejected romanticized plots and adventure to focus on character of contemporary American life. He helped shape American literature to what it was in 1900 by his commitment, earnestness, and ironic touch he brought to the audience in his writings. He also paid attention to rising female authors such as Emily Dickinson and Edith Wharton. As stated in The Harper American Literature, "Part of Howells's talent was the ability to admire in others what he himself was unable to do (348).
3. Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 51: Afro-American Writers from the Harlem Renaissance to 1940. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Edited by Trudier Harris, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The Gale Group, 1987. pp. 133-145.
Native Son In Native Son, by Richard Wright, the main character is 20 year old Bigger Thomas. Growing up poor, uneducated, and angry at the whole world, it is almost obvious that Bigger is going to have a rough life. Anger, frustration, and violence are habits for him. He is an experienced criminal, and unable to handle with his wild mood swings, Bigger often explodes in fits of crazy, aggressive outrage. Bigger has grown up with the opinion that he simply has no control over his life.
Hugh Wheeler was born on March 19, 1912 to parents, Harold, who was a civil servant in the Office of the Public Trustee and Florence Wheeler, whose parents were in truck manufacturing. He was born in Northwood, Middlesex, England, (Obituary) and lived there until he was 22 years old. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of London in 1932 (Gale). After receiving his degree, he decided to move to the United States and pursue his love of writing. He served in the American armed forces in World War II. He also became a naturalized American citizen in 1942. He remained in the United States until his death in 1987 (Obituary). There are few details of Wheeler’s personal life except that he never married and lived privately (Document). He was well respected in the literary world, in which he accumulated a variety of awards.