Candide by Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet) is a critique of the “all for the best” philosophy that Christians keenly followed in the mid-1700s. Voltaire is a famous philosopher from the Enlightenment period. He wrote about his perspective on certain issues existent in the world and addressed them in various ways. In Candide, he specifically used French satire to criticize a popular notion of the 18th century stating that all things, good or bad, are for the best. Voltaire himself was an anti-religious man and he rejected this philosophy that all things happen for a reason; this concept seemed highly irrational, unreasonable, and unnatural to him. He felt that it was dangerous for people to think that God has a plan and that if something bad happens in His plans, its still all for the best. He used many utilities to prove his point, including satire and irony. He displayed various themes throughout the story and indirectly targeted his audience with sarcasm. He created various characters to represent the different types of people he was targeting. Even the names of the people were satirical. The word Candide, for example, literally means “naïve” and “childlike honesty”. Pangloss, another major character, means “all tongue”. By doing so, Voltaire was able to play with his readers on every page of the book.
Voltaire constructs his satire as a discussion of optimism. He believes that as a philosophy it is useless. Voltaire includes Pangloss, Candid...
An enlightenment philosopher François-Marie Arouet, commonly known as Voltaire, wrote Candide. Voltaire “was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state (Wikipedia).” He was born November 21st 1694 into an upper-middle class family. Voltaire started showing an interest in writing at a young age. Candide was published in 1579. It was a French Satire. A satire is “the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues (Oxford Dictionary).” Candide mocks the ideas of the philosopher Leibnitz though the character of Pangloss because Leibnitz believed in an optimistic world and Voltaire feels that thinking this way makes one a hypocrite. Candide defines optimism as “a mania for insisting that all is well when things are going badly (Voltaire, p. 48).” Throughout the book, many themes and symbols are present.
Satire is the use of exposing contemporary issues in a humorous way. Voltaire’s “Candide” and Swift’s “Gullivers Travels” are two great stories labeled as satirical. Swift’s “Gullivers Travels” takes Gulliver on a journey to find a better place once his business fails, searching for a utopia. In Voltaire’s “Candide” Candide is an optimistic also searching for a better life once he is thrown out his own castle. Both of these stories have many similarities but they do differ as well. “Candide” and “Gullivers Travels” both share common characterisitcs in their characters, travel to outside societies that differ from their own, and have different views at the end of their journeys.
The Enlightenment period of the 19th century was a major switch from a center around the Catholic Church to new secular ideas on politics and science, and the works of the writers who lived during this age reflect that. The French philosopher Voltaire, especially, expressed his opinions on society through satire, as in his novella, Candide. He invites his readers to look upon a world in which everything goes wrong and yet, the main character had an abundance of optimism—a contradiction that leads to Voltaire’s commentary in the work on utopias and how to find happiness.
There was many different rhetorical devices that authors used. For example, one symbol is a rose, it stands for love and it represents the feelings you have towards you loved one, it’s a bright beautiful red color. Also, another symbol is the angel is symbols the good and evil spirits in religion around the world. Peace symbolizes hope for a new age, it can bring unity. In Mathematics there are also symbols. You can use the least and greater sign to determine whether it’s more of something or lease. Irony was another rhetorical device that was used. For example, it’s like drawing a tree on paper. You’re trying to make it up on the remaining residue. In other words it’s you saying something specific, but meaning something totally different. For instance, if a person is starving and is very hungry and all there is to eat is chicken they’ll have no chose, but to still eat it. It’s irony because they don’t like it but are going to have to eat it.
... disclose any wrongs so that it can be lifted. "The key targets of Voltaire's satire are totalizing perceptions of the world, whether extreme optimism or extreme pessimism, both of which offer excuses for indifference to human suffering" (Stanley 76). Voltaire aims to add the different perspectives of how people view the world and conclude that whether one believes in optimism or pessimism, their outcomes lead to human suffering. In the story, Voltaire uses the main character's travels and experiences to support the theory of human suffering. However, the reader will not be able to understand the character fully without seeing how the other characters influence him, contradicting Rousseau's philosophy of individuality. Using all of the characters' experiences, Voltaire removes the optimistic and pessimistic views and replaces it with a vision of an uncertain future.
A rhetorical device is a language used to have an influence on its spectators. Metaphor, alliteration etc. are example of rhetorical device. This device are demonstrate throughout the books to Emphasis on what the character are trying to say. This can be seem in Shakespeare’s work. I’m going to be writing about a quote in Much Ado About Nothing using the rhetorical devices to help us better to interpret the conversation between Benedick and Don Pedro in Act 1 scene 1 lines
Of course, because it is a satire, Candide continues to have a badly founded and overly optimistic view on the world, even though there are piles of evidence that would point to the contrary. Candide’s complete inability to form his own philosophies and views without adopting others’ is an element of the text because again, it is a satire, but also to highlight the absurdity of thinking that everything happens in order to maintain balance and keep things for the best. Candide’s naivety and almost painfully deliberate simplemindedness is used to represent mankind. At the time this was written, many people displayed similar much less exaggerated traits. By highlighting the complete absurdity of this way of thinking through Candide’s childlike repetition of other characters’ values and ideas, Voltaire illustrated that everything is not for the best in this not best of all possible worlds. He stated that one cannot simply float through life expecting good things to happen to him, not making any decisions for himself and relying on others for his ideas. It is crucial that we work for our happiness in life, that we cultivate our
...ses these devices ever so intelligently to catch his readers’ attention. He makes sense of it eventually through tricky and clever some wordplay by using literary devices such as, symbolism, metaphors, imagery and foreshadowing. The pictures which are created by his use of imagery in his