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Parenting style effect child behavior essays
The role of environment in early child development
Parenting style effect child behavior essays
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Early experience affects the intergenerational transmission of infant abuse in rhesus monkeys article summary
The Golden Rule “one should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself” is commonly said, but is it commonly practiced. Dario Maestripieri wanted to see if this is true or not in explaining mother abuse by looking at rhesus monkeys. Maestripieri pondered on whether or not abusive parenting in rhesus macaques is transmitted from mothers to daughters or whether transmission occurs through genetic or experiential factors. Looking more in depth to a possible explanation as to why mothers abuse their offspring.
Coming into the study Maestripieri’s prior background knowledge on monkeys and their similar characteristics to humans was a key component in using them in the study. He knew that infant abuse by socially deprived rhesus macaque
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That rhesus macaque mothers who abuse their offspring produce daughters who are likely to become abusive mothers themselves. The reasoning for this is due to the monkey’s previous history of abuse and this not being a genetic inheritance from mother to offspring. Showing statistically comparison to the monkeys to humans out come that 20-30% of abused children while be abusers themselves just like the results shown in the study of the monkeys. These results go hand in hand with Maestripieir’s article compared to our class book, Psychology eleventh addition. In the book talking about the topic of deprivation of attachment and then going into detail about experiments, such as Maestripieir’s, that show just how important nurture affects their lives but also future lives. However, it is still not completely known why some abused human children become abusive parents if they have not had a history of abuse. Based off of Dario Maestripieri’s experiment with abuse we see that sometimes the golden rule doesn’t able, even with mothering
McCoy, M. L., & Keen, S. M., (2009). Child abuse and neglect. New York: Psychology Press.
According to Klaus and Kennell, there are specific events, including skin-to-skin contact between mother and infant that must occur directly following the birth of a primate infant. This maximizes the chances of survival for the newborn not only because their mother is a source of food, but also because they will learn the culture they need to be successful in their environment. In the study, Klaus and Kennell test how much time a baby spends crying when they are separated from their mother. They concluded the increased time in babies that were separated was due to the anxiety that separation caused. The difficulty in this is that the cause of the baby’s distress is subjective. Also the notion of critical period proposed that the bonds and lessons taught during that time could not be developed later.
...thansiama. 2013 Infanticide in captive stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) is in accordance with the sexual selection hypothesis. Current Science 104, 1081-1083
...social behavior” that children who sustain physical abuse grow up with criminal and antisocial behaviors. Just like the brother children who are abused have a high chance of becoming a violent parent themselves. Not only the child abuse destroys the future for one generation but many more to come because the cycle of violence stays with the parents that were abused.
Although the practice of collecting animals have been present since 2500 B.C (Dunlap and Kellert), efforts to keep animals in a safe and natural habitat have been poorly consummated. Psychological manipulation has consequentially drawn chimpanzees to mental illness, as in the article “How Abnormal Is the Behavior of Captive, Zoo-Living Chimpanzees?” Lucy P. Birkett and Nicholas E. Newton-Fisher wrote, “Many chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) kept in laboratory housing settings show a variety of serious behavioral abnormalities, such as, repetitive rocking, drinking of urine, or self-mutilation.” Social and maternal separation for the benifit of reasearch are linked to psychological traumatic as well (Dunlap and Kellert). Although through history the service of zoos have been for entertainment, it is a trivial reason for holding chimpanzees in confidment. Subsequently, it is inhumane to take primates from the wild and place them in a zoo, commercial, or laboratory setting, which strips them of their ability to act naturally.
Do non-human primates have communication, language, both, or neither? By definition, communication is the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information (Snowdon). Communication is very closely related to social behavior since they are both referring to the ways animals interact with each other (Quiatt and Reynolds 1993). Conversely, language is defined as a system of communication using sounds or gestures that are put together in meaningful ways according to a set of rules (Haviland et al. 2010). Non-human primates and human primates are similar in many ways, and communication is no exception. They both have various types of communication senses and styles. Human primate communication senses consist of sight, smell, taste, hearing, and touch. Non-human primates mainly understand the world through sight, but smell, taste, and hearing are important as well (Quiatt and Reynolds 1993). Human primates are capable of speaking a language, while non-human primates use different vocal calls to communicate. In essence, the difference is simple, human primates have language while non-human primates do not. Even though non-human primates do not have language, they do have communication.
The “Monkey’s Paw” reveals an intriguing story of destiny and death. The Theme challenges the classical ideas of destiny and fate.
In conclusion, mother-infant attachment paves the way for adult social relationships as supported by Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation experiment and its follow-up, Bowlby’s 44 Thieves study, and Henry Harlow’s classic experiment with the monkeys. Furthermore, strong secure attachments breed healthy social relationships, while insecure attachments lead to difficult social and emotional issues. The best way to prevent insecure attachments is by creating that strong mother-infant bond in the first year of life. It is crucial for potential parents to be prepared emotionally, economically, and socially for a new infant. As the acorn has the potential to become an oak with the right conditions and environment, an infant also has the potential to become a successful adult with a supportive, healthy, environment.
The monkey's paw was not the real cause of Herbert's death. His death was caused by machinery. But before I get into that, lets talk about superstition/magic. Believing in magic can then lead to obsession, which then can lead to psychosis. The text states in the New York Times, "At its worst, it can lead to obsession, fatalism, and psychosis." Symptoms of psychosis include confusion, hallucinations, and paranoia according to the Mayo Clinic. Most people would say that Herbert's death did occur from the monkey's paw, this is because a coincidence like this is impossible. They would also say he disappeared when the father made his third wish. If you factor in psychosis and grief, you can have crazy hallucinations. The mother could have been so overcome with grief,
Harlow’s experiment shows the connection of mother and child using monkeys. From this experiment you can see that withdrawal or removal can cause depression in the rhesus monkeys. Harlow further relates that to children and their mothers. Seeing that there was too much maternal contact he notes that over attachment can cause severe depression.
Milaniak & Widom (2015), also explain that in addition to the reported statistics, there have been several theories that offer an explanation of how the cycle of violence in sexually abused individuals can increase the risks of child abuse, neglect, perpetration and criminal violence. They also tell us that because of this maltreatment, the acts towards the next generation are likely to happen.
According to the Public Health article, Montague and Pitman have said that about 5 percent of children were mentally/emotionally abused. The parents who physically punish their child can mentally change the way the child thinks. When these parents abuse the child, the child tends to have low self-esteem. For example, the child may not think highly of himself/herself. As a result this child may show he/she has no self-esteem by looking at the way he/she presents himse...
According to Help for Families, violent upbringing was proved to cause fear, frustration, anger, cruelty, and violence. Child abuse also embeds a violent-tolerant mindset in individuals that could lead to immorality. In addition, the University of Exeter’s scientific study of zebra finches in 2013 shows tests of the origins of a finch’s personality. It found that foster parents had a greater influence on finches than their birth parents. Such results proved genetic traits to be at loss against environment and upbringing. In this way, scientific studies of the psychological effects to events confirms the dominance of
The dependency in monkeys studies hypothesize a child comes to a wired mother to only meet a specific need like food, and in contrast, the child comes to the clothed mother to meet needs of proximity, connection, affection, security, and comfort (Baker, 2010). Gerald Lambeau is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of technology and is interested in helping Will reach his full potential and become a famous mathematician (Bender, 1997). Since Will is autodidactic and also hides his fears behind his intelligence, he accepted studying mathematics with the professor for the sole purpose of meeting his intellectual needs and staying out of jail. Therefore, professor Lambeau is a representation of the wired mother from Harlow’s studies. On the contrary, Sean Maguire is a psychologist instructor at the Bunker Hill Community College and is partnering with Will by the professor’s request (Bender, 1997). Will craves proximity and contact, yet he rejects them because he is fearful; he developed an unsecured attachment as mentions before. Sean challenges Will’s defense mechanisms and has his overall best interest in mind, and after building their healthy relationship based on trust and respect, Will opened up to him and the most meaningful secured attachment (Bender, 1997). Sean Maguire is a representation of the clothed mother from Harlow’s studies. Will found comfort in
The effects of child abuse are multiple. The pain and trauma the abused child goes through is just a small part of how this cauldron of hidden depravity in our society affects all of us. Wrecked lives can be seen in persons of all ages and in all walks of life. Society as a whole is also effected by child abuse both in negative and positive ways. In this essay I will present some of the factor and results of this violent behavior on individuals as well as our culture.