R.D.X.
R.D.X. can be produced by the method given below. It is much easier to make in the home than all other high explosives, with the possible exception of ammonium nitrate. MATERIALS hexamine or methenamine 1000 ml beaker ice bath glass stirring rod thermometer funnel filter paper distilled water ammonium nitrate nitric acid (550 ml) blue litmus paper small ice bath 1) Place the beaker in the ice bath, (see page 15) and carefully pour 550 ml of concentrated nitric acid into the beaker. 2) When the acid has cooled to below 20°, add small amounts of the crushed fuel tablets to the beaker. The temperature will rise, and it must be kept below 30°, or dire consequences could result. Stir the mixture. 3) Drop the temperature below zero degrees celsius, either by adding more ice and salt to the old ice bath, or by creating a new ice bath. Continue stirring the mixture, keeping the temperature below zero for twenty minutes. 4) Pour the mixture into 1 liter of crushed ice. Shake and stir the mixture, and allow it to melt. Once it has melted, filter out the crystals, and dispose of the corrosive liquid. 5) Place the crystals into one half a liter of boiling distilled water. Filter the crystals, and test them with the blue litmus paper. Repeat steps 4 and 5 until the litmus paper remains blue. This will make the crystals more stable and safe. 6) Store the crystals wet until ready for use. Allow them to dry completely before using them. R.D.X. is not stable enough to use alone as an explosive. Composition C-1 can be made by mixing (measure by weight) R.D.X. 88% mineral oil11% lecithin 1% Knead these material together in a plastic bag. This is one way to desensitize the explosive. HMX. is a mixture of TNT and RDX; the ratio is 50/50, by weight. it is not as sensitive as unadultered RDX and it is almost as powerful as straight RDX. By adding ammonium nitrate to the crystals of RDX produced in step 5, it is possible to desensitize the R.D.X. and increase its power, since ammonium nitrate is very insensitive and powerful. Sodium or potassium nitrate could also be added; a small quantity is sufficient to stabilize the RDX. RDX. detonates at a rate of 8550 meters/second when it is compressed to a density of 1.55 g/cubic cm. Ammonium Nitrate (NH4NO3) Ammonium nitrate can be made by following the method given on page 10, or it could be obtained from a construction site, since it is commonly used in blasting, because it is very stable and insensitive to shock and heat.
The solvent should be easily removed from the purified product, not react with the target substances, and should only dissolve the target substance near it’s boiling point, but none at freezing. A successful recrystallization uses minimum amount of solvent, and cools the solution slowly, if done to fast, many impurities will be left in the crystals. Using the correct solvent, in this case ice water and ethyl acetate, the impurities in the compound can be dissolved to obtain just the pure compound. A mixed solvent was used to control the solubility of the product. The product is soluble in ethanol an insoluble in water. Adding water reduced solubility and saturates the solution and then the crystals
Then add 20 mL of 3% Hydrogen Peroxide. In a darkened area, add roughly 0.5 g of Potassium Hexacyanoferrate to the mixture and swirl. Do not strongly acidify the solution, since it could produce Hydrogen Cyanide gas. You could also, instead, add a layer of Potassium Hydroxide pellets to the bottom of the Erlenmeyer flask and add in enough Dimethylsulfoxide to cover the pellets. In a darkened area, add 0.20-0.3 g of luminol to the flask, stopper the flask, and shake it vigorously.
in 5cm³ of water and add 4cm³ of ethanol. We had tom pour this mixture
The poem "La Migra" by Pat Mora carries the main idea of how power can lead to abuse. Mora shows how abuse is represented in the treatment of the Mexican woman by a border patrol agent in her poem and how this picture resembles how mankind treats animals. With the bilingual addition to Mora's poem, when the Mexican woman says, "Agua dulce, brota aqui, aqui, aqui" (lines 33-34), she is presenting the conflict of a language barrier, just like the one between animals and humans, where it is not communicated what is needed and what is unfair. Mora uses the power of language to bring her characters to life. When something is taken to the point of abuse, the actions are identical, like when the border patrol agent says, "I can touch you whenever I want but do not complain too much because I've got boots and kick" (lines 12-14). The table turns at the end, when the Mexican woman takes control of the situation with power. It does not matter how the abuse started; in the end, it is always the same---someone taking control over someone else. Abuse of power is demonstrated through "La Migr...
Second, a small sample of solutions must be collected and transferred to the beakers by pouring or pipetting from the 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing the solution. Third, a clean wooden stick must be dipped into the solution, soaked for three to five seconds, and put to the flame created by the bunsen burner. It is very important to make sure that that the wooden stick should not catch fire and this may have to be done this several times in order to get a good color. Next, the color of the flame must be recorded in detail and the wooden stick must be ran under some running water to cool it off. Finally, the stick must be discarded into the trash and a new wooden stick must be obtained. Dipping the wooden stick into the solution and put toward the flame must be repeated for the remaining solutions and when you are all done all of the solutions , these solutions should be poured down the drain with a lot of water and rinsed with soap and water. Finally, the labels should be cleaned off, and the beakers should be left upside down to
For this lab, the first step is to add 2.5mL of methanol to .595g of 2-methylcyclohexanone inside a large test tube and then cool it in an ice bath. Once combined, add 0.1g of sodium borohydride to the test tube and once the reaction stops take the
Other compounds were used and they had good benefits and bad ones to the point of widespread destruction. Most of the explosives contain a nitro group this group has a nitrogen and two oxygens. Gunpowder would be perfect example of one of the things invented it was used in china, Arabia, and India. In this component there was nitrate salt (KNO3). The oxygen is what gave the gunpowder its black color. Gunpowder was originally used in firecrackers and fireworks. The chemical reaction of gunpowder is 4KNO3 + 7C+ S 3CO2 + 3CO + 2N2 + K2CO3 + K2S. (Burreson). A blend of liquor and water was utilized to deliver a powder that hardened and could be smashed, the finer the powder the faster it will burn. (Burreson). The reason for explosives making such destruction is because the shock wave is caused by very rapid increase in volume as gas forms and the shock wave travels a hundred meters per second and they give off large amounts of heat. (Burreson). In the explosive the nitro compounds N2 is formed. The structure of N2 has a triple bond so that’s why it’s so strong. The number of nitro groups depends on the explosiveness and power. Later workers started to suffer from headaches due to them dealing with nitroglycerin and it caused people to suffer from a heart disease called angina pectoris. This disease caused dilation of blood vessels from the heart muscle which allows the flow of blood and releases the pain. In 1833, a man named Alfred found a way to make a larger explosion by just adding a little gunpowder to nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin was frequently polluted by the corrosive utilized as a part of the assembling process and tended to gradually break down. The gases created by this disintegration would pop the plugs of the zinc jars in which the dangerous was pressed for
As discussed below, most deaths in an RDD attack are from the blast itself not from the radiological material. Therefore, the quantity and type of explosive used is critical. These factors also have an effect on the size of the contaminated area. Additionally, certain types of explosives have the ability to interact with the radiological
First of all, you need a sturdy, good tube. The tube should be cylindrical and should be at least 3/32 of an inch thick. The opening at the top of your tube should have a 5/8 inch opening. Then take a 1/16 inch fuse, make sure it covers the whole tube and sticks out a little bit, just like any other firework and keep the tube in place by using tape. Next, 1.25 grams of 3F BP should be poured into the tube.
“(A) any destructive device as defined in section 921 of this title (i.e. explosive device);
Begin collecting samples with the pure hexane. Keep adding hexane so that the silica gel column does not run dry. Collect one 20 ml sample. Repeat with 90:10 hexane and collect 4 20-mL bottles. Repeat with 80:20 hexane and collect 2 20-mL samples.
From the play “Trifles” written by Susan Glaspell I’ll be explaining the role of the women characters and how they were portrayed in the story. The play describes setting with homicide, mystery and dishonesty among its characters. It's a play that bases on stereotypes in relationships and attitudes between men and woman at this time in our history. The male characters play the powerful leader being for example, the sheriff, deputy and the attorney where the female characters Mrs. Peter and Mrs. Hale in a kind of seen but not heard role. Who were sent out to learn more about the details of the murder of Mr. Wright, who was found hanged in his bed.
A radiological attack would not be an easy task for terrorists to carry out, but if they manage to do it, most likely it will be through radiological dispersal devices (RDDs) that could be explosive or nonexplosive (Medalia, 2011). Explosive RDDs could be compared to an improvised explosive device (IED), but the difference is that an explosive RDD contains radioactive materials inside, which once the RDD is detonated it will spread out radioactive material that will affect anyone or anything that is exposed to the radioactive material (Medalia, 2011). Nonexplosive RDDs can be any nonexplosive device that can help spread out radioactive material, an example of this could a duster crop airplane (Medalia, 2011). Generally, the aftermath of a
In a 100ml beaker place 50mls of water, measure the temperature of the water and record this initial temperature onto a table. Set the timer and add one teaspoon of Ammonium Nitrate to the water, stir this continuously until the Ammonium Nitrate has dissolved.