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Qualitative and quantitative research methods
Qualitative and quantitative research methods
Qualitative and quantitative research methods
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Use of Data from Interviews in Business Research
Brief Description of Interviews
Interviews refer to a data collection process where people, otherwise known as respondents, are asked questions and the researcher follows up on the responses through probing.
They differ from questionnaires, as they incorporate social interaction.
Interviews are imperative in quality business studies given the fact that accurate and complete information is the basis of any successful venture.
Qualitative interviews entail a combination of early preparation and superior interviewer skill sets to ascertain complete sourcing of reliable data.
Interviews refer to a data collection process where people, otherwise known as respondents,
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The researcher has to possess the required skills sets, tools and understand the topic prior to initiating the interview.
Sufficient preparation entails taking into account the number of people required for the investigation.
The interviewer has to understand the background of the subject in terms of needs and attributes prior to conducting the inquiry process.
Quality interviews necessitate use of more than one recording method to increase reliability and referencing. qualitative business research extends beyond the scope of intent. The researcher has to possess the required skills sets, tools and understand the topic prior to initiating the interview. Sufficient preparation entails taking into account the number of people required for the investigation. Moreover, the interviewer understands the background of the subject in terms of needs and attributes (Stevens 280). Understanding facilitates in the designing of probe inquiries. Questions are well structured under introduction, follow up, indirect and direct classes. Conducting of interviews necessitate use of more than one recording method to increase reliability and referencing (Stevens 280). Recommended is the incorporation of audio and visual techniques. Important to research is that the interviewer should have respondent consent prior to conducting the
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Questions under this category are close-ended, asked in a series of sets that are of standard order. The interviewer does not deviate from the inquiry schedule or probe on inquisitions outside the plan. Unstructured interviews also known as discovery probes employ one-sided conversations (McLeod 1). The respondent has freedom of speech. The interviewer only guides on what is being said in order to derive and capture relevant information. Unstructured interviews are also termed as informal and are applicable to informal settings (McLeod 2). The process employs open-ended questions and the researcher may deviate from schedule, choose between questions and probe outside the
Describe the meaning of informed consent, and identify issues relating to it in research on human subjects. Informed consent is a fundamental ethical requirement for research with human subjects. It is when a subject voluntarily agrees to participate in a research study in which he or she has full understanding of the study before the study begins, (Nieswiadomy, 2014). The informed consent process is where the participant is informed regarding all aspects of the trial, which are important for the participant in making a decision and after studying all aspects of the trial, the participant voluntarily confirms his or her willingness to participate in a particular clinical trial and significance of the research for advancement of medical knowledge and social welfare (Nijhawan et al., 2013). The informed consent process might create several ethical issues if it is not being done properly.
According to Denscombe: “Qualitative research tends to be associated with holistic perspective” (Denscombe, 1998, p. 175). A holistic perspective can contribute to keep an open mind to all obtained research. Choosing a qualitative study has proven useful in order to gain more insight on backstage perspectives in the GBR. Qualitative methods facilitate in-depth research by examining different aspects of a phenomenon (Repstad, 1998, p.
Qualitative and quantitative methods allow researchers to investigate, explore and inquire the nature of the phenomenon being studied. It is important that the researcher develops a clear understanding of the problem and design a plan to investigate it (Cresswell, 1998, para. 1). There are a variety of research methods; nevertheless, it is important to consider which research method is appropriate for the study. Qualitative research focuses on human experiences while quantitative research relies on numbers, measurements, and testing. Nevertheless, qualitative and quantitative methods use similar approaches to conduct research and collect data. For example, observations and interviews are approaches used in both research designs; however, the approaches are used and viewed otherwise. This will be discussed later in the paper.
Interviews are very popular among most individuals especially researchers and scholars as they attempt to obtain information and data from an interviewee. However, there are many factors that influence the interview and which determines its success or failure. Often, the interviewer takes charge of the situation, and they have the sole responsibility of asking the questions while the interviewee provides an explanation or an answer to the question asked. As a result, an interview can be defined as a consultation or a discussion in person through which information and data are exchanged regarding a particular phenomenon event with the intention of establishing the interviewee’s position. It is easy to tell the mood and success of the interview
Probe and follow-up Questions if you need more information (These examples below can be used to gather more information if one needs to).
19. Outline the research protocol. In other words, describe “What happened?”- In doing so, summarize the basic types of questions a reporter or astute reader would examine
I will explain these features as follows: the first one is the combining structure with flexibility is one of the key features of in-depth interview and the researcher will have some sense of the themes which they wish to discover and interviews will be normally based on some form of topic guide (or interview agenda) setting out the key topics and issues to be covered during the
In-depth interviews are one of the research methods used when qualitative research is desired over quantitative research. Also, by using in-depth interviews as his research method, Messner is able to acquire much more detailed information, which will enhance the quality of his final data, making the study more efficacious and fulfilling. But, as with any research method, in-depth interviews have their strengths and weaknesses. Most importantly, with any research method, optimal levels of representativeness, replicability, reflexivity, reactivity, and objectivity should be
Closed question interviews are questions that involve partakers to choose or select a number of responses that are determined by the interviewer. There are extensive selections of different types of closed interview questions. For an example, a person may choose multiple choice, check boxes, drop down, semantic differential, scale ranking and many more (Penwarden 1). These questions are normally used for confirmatory research to test hypothesis (Royce 182). Therefore, using this methodology is very useful, easy, reliable, and only require a little amount of skill to perform.
This sort of interviews is used ” when one wants to fully understand someone's impressions or experiences, or learn more about their questionnaire (McNamara….). The advantages, according to McNamara, (,,,,,), of this method are that it helps to “get full range and dept of information,developes relationships with clients and can be flexible without
Reasoning behind this being it would create a more natural conversation and discussion of their own experiences, as opposed to a formal interview between myself and them, which would create a new and uncomfortable dynamic between us, which would hinder the research I was trying to carry out. Therefore, the more fluid and candid approach of the unstructured interviews was more innkeeping with the style of my study, and allowed me to obtain more detailed and fluid answers, as opposed to rigid and short answers to a survey or questionnaire. Whereas, if I wasn’t studying my peers I may have chosen a more formal style of interview, to allow them more respect, and to acknowledge they are my superior, as a less formal style of interview would mix the power dynamics between us. Furthermore, due to the experienced based nature of my research, formal interviews wouldn’t allow me the detail I needed to understand the students feelings towards their jobs and volunteering. Moreover, this relaxed style meant the interviews were not restricted to a singular time or place, but allowed an ongoing conversation about their experiences, which gave them time to reflect upon our discussion and make changes to their responses.
Qualitative and quantitative research are both methods that companies use to gather information to promote the overall welfare of their company. These types of research not only tell how well the company is doing, but they also locate areas in need of improvement. Qualitative research gathers information on opinions, reasons, and motivations. From evidence based upon modern society’s opinion, businesses get a better understanding of people's mindsets towards the company. Qualitative data shows certain trends of recurring problems and encourages the company to go more in depth of the situation. To detect this info, a group of people are surveyed and asked multiple questions based on certain things the company wants to learn. Quantitative research
The Structured Interview versus the Unstructured Interview I offer that the structured interview is superior to other forms of interviews. “Structured interviews are interviews in which candidates are asked a series of standardized, job-related questions with predetermined scores for different answers.” (Phillips, 2015, p. 260) There are several advantages of the use of structured interview during the hiring process. An employment interview is a method of questioning to collect data.
Fieldwork like interviews require asking the right questions, or as Moseley termed "the frame and phrase [the] questions" (2013, p. 3). In other words, failure to ask the right question results in an ineffective and less factual interview. The advantage to an open-ended question broadens the scope of research by allowing the interviewee to touch upon additional information, perhaps adding a new viewpoint. Whereas closed responses reach a vast number of interviewees but simplify answers to a yes or no.
Qualitative data analysis is composed of document, observation, interviews, focus groups, and being able to discuss what is being found in each of the piece of data collected (Chenail, 2012). Qualitative data analysis can be viewed as understanding the analysis of data. For qualitative data to be successfully analyzed, the researcher must be able to maintain control of their study, be able analyze their study, analyze themselves, and be able to present this found data in various publications (Chenail, 2012).