Purpose and Nature of the test
The Thematic Apperception Test also known as the TAT was developed in the 1930’s by Henry A. Murray with the help of Christiana Morgan at Harvard University. The TAT came to be based on a question asked by an undergraduate student about her son. The lady stated that while her son was sick, he would sit and look at pictures in a magazine and make up stories based on the picture. Murray took the boys idea idea and used it as a way to measure a persons mental state the test would reveal information about the whole person. There was already a test similare but Murray found the contemporary tests of his time lacking in some specific areas. So Murray came up with the idea to create a test based on his students son.
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That is used to assess one individual at a time. The objective is for the patient to tell a story based on the picture they have been shown. Based on the story it can be reveal underlying motives, concerns, and the way the subject sees the social world. The TAT is popularly known as the picture interpretation technique because it uses a series of provocative yet ambiguous pictures; which the subject is asked to tell a story. The story must be dramatic and the individual must include foreshadowing of the event shown, whats happening at that very moment, feeling and what the characters might be thinking, and last but not least the outcome of the story. If the subject does not answer these question when given the story he will be asked them directly after he …show more content…
They are placed in a quiet room so that they will not be interrupted or distracted. Usually the individual sits at the edge of the able or desk next to the examiner or across from them. The examiner then shows the individual a series of story cards taken from the set of 31 TAT cards, only showing about 8 to 12 of the cards. Murray recommended the use of 20 cards, but the examiner would administer them in two separate one-hour sessions with the individual. Also based on the individual 's gender the original set of 31 cards were divided into three categories, for use with men only, women only, or for an individual of either
Regression is a defense mechanism resulting in an individual returning to a childlike state to cope with unpleasant thoughts or stress. Regression occurs when an individual faces a particularly stressful or tense situation, and instead of handling said scenario in a mature and adult manner, an immature, childlike technique is employed to handle the anxiety. While a psychoanalytic analysis is more difficult given the subconscious nature of the tensions and resulting anxiety, there are several scenes through the movie that indicate Clark Griswold regresses to handle unpleasant and anxiety-inducing situations. In one example, Clark has been stringing lights on his house for hours, and upon attempting to light them comes to find that none of
The Psychopath Test: A Journey Through the Madness Industry is a book by Jon Ronson, where he investigates the idea of psychopathy and the many individuals involved. Psychopathy is defined as “a person who is mentally ill, who does not care about other people, and who is usually dangerous or violent.” Ronson visited mental health professionals and psychopaths in order to determine the right way to control the diagnosis of mental health disorders. Throughout the novel, Ronson focuses on three main themes, which are the definition of madness, unnecessary mental diagnoses and the problem with confirmation bias.
There are two basic psychometric properties, validity and reliability that have been used to evaluate the quality of scale development. Psychometric testing used to evaluate the quality of instrument (Polit& Beck, 2010).
...In this specific style, the therapist tends to have the most success in gaining knowledge of the patients feelings of inadequacy, fear of intimacy, and low self esteem.
The Tizard and Hodges Study (1978). Definitions ----------- Attachment :- The act of attaching, or state of being attached; close. adherence or affection; fidelity; regard; and/ or passion of affection. that binds a person; as, an attachment to a friend, or to a party.
Many gestalt therapists are against assessments or favor a gestalt version of an assessment (Brownell, 2010). Despite the lack of general assessments for gestalt therapy, therapists focus on four concepts during treatment: phenomenological method, dialogical relationship, field-theoretical strategies, and experimental freedom. Phenomenological method is used to bring awareness to the client. The therapist observes the client’s actions, such as if they choose to roll their eyes. He or she will describe these details out loud and treats each action with equal value. The dialogical relationship is where the therapist is honest and upfront with the client, instead of taking on a persona. The therapist also accepts however the client chooses to portray themselves. Field theoretical strategies enable the therapist to interpret a person’s character as dynamic rather than static. Lastly, experimental freedom is the concept that gestalt therapy is more than just talk. The therapist can experiment and try something new with the client as the therapy persists (RGI, 2013).
The therapist would then interpret this information, which consists of teaching, pointing out and explaining what the therapist is noticing through this free association (Corey, 2013). One of the key factors in a therapeutic process is the client-therapist relationship. Without this relationship, transference cannot be assessed.
“Art therapy is a form of therapy in making of visual images (paintings, drawings, models etc.) in the presences of a qualified art therapist contributes towards externalization of thoughts and feelings which may otherwise remain unexpressed”(Walter & Gilory, 1992).
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Test, otherwise known as the MBTI test, is a questionnaire intended to measure and evaluates the psychological preferences of individuals in relation to their perception of the world, and generally their decision making ability. This was developed and got form typological theories that were deduced by Cal Gustav Jung. He categorized them into four psychological functions, which each unique individual uses to experience the world. They include feeling, sensation, intuition and thinking (Myers I. B., 1987).
Art Therapy is defined by the American Art Therapy Association, as “the therapeutic use of art, within a professional relationship, by people who experience illness, trauma, or disabilities, and are seeking personal development.” This process uses art media, images, and performances to enhance the patient’s abilities, personality, and quality of life. Patients who use art as a therapeutic device engage in creative outlets which allow them to gain emotional healing and relief from stressful and terminal diseases or disabilities (Benefits, 1). Art Therapy is practiced in mental health, rehabilitation, medical, educational and forensic institutions. This treatment also has a variety of clientele, and formats, such as: individuals, couples, family, and group therapy. Creating, viewing, and talking about art, provides a way for people to cope with emotional conflicts and increase self-awareness (History, 1). The ability to create or interpret art provides the patient the proper format to express unspoken and often unconscious concerns about their misfortunes. Coupled with medical treatment, Art Therapy provides emotional support and stability for many people throughout the world. Although it is a growing field, with 34 master’s programs approved by the American Art Therapy Association in universities throughout the United States, Art Therapy departments and therapists are continuously shown a lack of appreciation and support. Other than the actual patients and their loved ones, successes shown within this form of treatment are relatively unheard of by the general public. The significance that Art Therapy has in the medical world should be known because is completely safe, without side effects and incredibly important to many people (Ar...
The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is the most popular test of personality which has been used in thousands of organizations worldwide. It is designed to indicate psychological preferences in which human perceive the world and take a decision. This test consists of four principal psychological functions, which each consisting of two opposite preferences as can be seen in figure 1. The main idea is from 16 types of personality, only one that each person can be matched.
In today’s highly competitive job market it is extremely challenging and important for businesses to fill a vacancy with the right candidate (Cann, 2013). Due to high demand of potential candidates, developing a portfolio of employability skills which include psychometric testing is considered important in every workplace (Mills et al., 2011). Thus, I recently took three practice psychometric tests on verbal, numerical and inductive/logical reasoning. This essay is a reflection of my personal experience of psychometric testing. First, I will talk about what the literature comments on in relation to the strengths and weaknesses of psychometric testing. Then, I will assess whether literature reflects
One of the disadvantages of art therapy is that the therapist is more vulnerable to misinterpretation in terms of the objective understanding of content. Care must be taken not to make rapid interpretations on the specific piece of art which might prevent or even deny the client the satisfaction of discovering and finding out for herself (Case and Dalley, p. 65). This is because art therapy involves a lot of interpretation, it is understandable that critics about this technique are similar to that of psychotherapy. The client’s images can come across as many things with contrasting ideas, but only the individual themself can explain it. The therapist is urged not to point out obvious red signals, instead they should allow the client to come up with their own interpretations. Their own interpretations alone are something to make note of as it may shed some light on the client's thought process about the
It is important that the individual does not have to be brilliant in art to benefit from art therapy. The main focal point of art therapy is not the final end product but the creative process and the thinking that goes into it. The individual feels less exposed when engaged in art and this enables the individual to express his feelings that may remain verbally unexpressed otherwise. And this helps in the process of healing since the problem can be addressed only once the problem is identified (1). Art also gives voice to those individuals with speech impairment for example stroke patients (3). Some individuals find it difficult to use a verbal form of communication to describe feelings and find it easier to make sense of their experience by the use of art.
A picture is worth a thousand words, art can have the same effect. Art can often give meaning to the words we choose. Art can also give a voice to the words we can find to describe what we feel or think. As a drug and alcohol counselor, our clients will often at times not be able to put words to what they are feeling or thinking. Sometime clients may also need to be able to just stop to experience what they are feeling rather than over thinking and explaining their life. Art therapy techniques can elevate such obstacles in chemical dependency treatment for clients.