Question 1: a) The hypothesis of Dr. dePonce’s study is whether the daily consumption of prune juice causes a longer life span. b) The control group are the mice who eat mouse chow and drink tap water. The experimental group are the mice who eat mouse chow and drink prune juice. c) The hypothesis should be rejected based on his results, because the mean life span of both groups of mice was 3 years, proving that drinking prune juice does not prolong life span. Question 2: a) Aging is any process that contributes to age-related decrease in physical and mental health. Proper attention and intervention is necessary for increasing the chances of living longer. b) One of the organs that changes with age is the skin. As it ages, it flattens out because …show more content…
If a person lives a healthy lifestyle, exercising regularly, having an active job, eating foods that promote physical health, and make regular doctors’ visits, then there is most certainly a lesser chance of developing an aging-associated disease when you get old. However, if a person lives an unhealthy lifestyle, being a coach potato 24/7, not doing anything productive, and eating fatty and sugary foods that clog arteries and cause weight gain, then there is definitely a greater chance of developing aging-associated diseases when you get old. Some of these diseases include atherosclerosis, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, osteoporosis, diabetes, cataracts and Alzheimer's disease. d) The body begins the processes of aging around your mid-20s. As you get older, the number of nerve cells in the brain decrease, gray hairs and wrinkles begin to appear, digestion performance begins to slow down, constipation is more likely, control of bladder decreases, lung capacity decreases, and the heart pumps less efficiently. There are many other physical and mental effects that occur within the body as it …show more content…
More and more evidence has continued to point to a genetic guideline for the regulation and expression of the process of aging, physically and mentally. Genetic experiments using yeast and invertebrates have been conclusive in exposing the regulatory processes of senescence, which is the process of deterioration with aging. However, a comprehension of these distinctions has been hampered by the restricted capacity to perform such screens in well evolved creatures. The zebrafish, for example, gives an exceptional and underutilized vertebrate model to examine the hereditary premise of aging. Scientists have expertly utilized the zebrafish as a formative hereditary model by performing experiments directed to efficiently distinguish new hereditary controllers of aging, and in addition describing the activity of these genes being developed. Likewise, scientists are utilizing a reverse genetic method to examine mutations influencing gene encoding that have been found in different vertebrates being used to control certain parts of aging. The exploratory methodology of creating deliberate, unbiased experiments for genes that control aging in the zebrafish will assist the comprehension of operation and processes of vertebrate aging, as well as how this procedure changes and how it can be
Nutrition plays a significant role in the human lifecycle because it provides energy, helps prevent diseases and promotes growth. The first documented evidence associating dietary restriction and aging came in 1935 in a study conducted by McCay et al that found that reducing the amount of calories consumed by 20% without causing malnourishment increased the lifespan and resistance to age related diseases in a rodent model (Colman et al., 2009; Sinclair, 2005). Typically a reduction of 10-40% of calorie intake is suggested by several authors as being effective in lengthening life, although a recent study using 30% dietary restriction was found to be ineffective in doing so in rhesus monkeys (Mattison et al., 2012).
Lever, E., Cole, J., Scott, S. M., Emery, P. W., & Whelan, K. (2014, August 11). Systematic review: The effect of prunes on gastrointestinal function. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 40(7), 750-758. doi:10.1111/apt.12913. Retrieved October 21, 2016, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25109788
Aging occurs in every species. Over time a change occurs on a cellular level in a person’s body, which causes degenerative effects on the brain, muscles, organs, bones, hormones, and DNA. In 1991, the book Evolutionary Biology of Aging, offered the following definition of aging: a persistent decline in the age-specific fitness components of an organism due to internal physiological deterioration.1 Aging affects the body physically and mentally. Many people dread getting older due to the numerous changes the body goes through. The geriatric population experiences many pains and is inflicted with various diseases. There are a few who are lucky enough to not get diagnosed with a life altering disease, such as Alzheimer’s, type II diabetes, high blood pressure, macular degeneration, or some form of cancer. Studies have shown that genetics play a vital role in the aging process.
Aging and old age for a long time presented as dominated by negative traits and states such as sickness, depression and isolation. The aging process is not simply senescence most people over the age of 65 are not Senile, bedridden, isolated, or suicidal (Aldwin & Levenson, 1994). This change in perspective led the investigation of the other side of the coin. Ageing is seen as health, maturity and personal Royal growth, self-acceptance, happiness, generatively, coping and acceptance of age-related constraints (Birren & Fisher, 1995). Psychological und...
During late adulthood, which begins around 65, many changes will take place. Death, sickness, and aging are some of the things you go through. Everyone is affected at some point. Individuals deal with these changes differently. Gerontology is the science that deals with the aging process. Vision can show impairment as people age. One of the changes in vision is the loss of accommodation of the lens. Most people 65 and older have hardened eye lens and have lost elasticity if the lens. Cataracts can form and vision becomes cloudy and is significantly impaired. Glaucoma is a serious condition that causes pressure to increase within the eye and it can result in blindness. Often hearing decreases with age. The hair cells in the Corti (inner ear) can cause a decrease in hearing frequencies. The ossicles and eardrum have a decrease in the transmittance of mechanical sound waves. Due to aging many elderly people have hearing impairment. Loss of appetite from connective tissue cells replacing taste buds. Skin can become thin, dry, and inelastic as it ages and the skin can fold and wrinkle from sagging.
SÍTAR, M.E., YANAR, K., AYDIN, S. and ÇAKATAY, U., CURRENT ASPECTS OF AGEING THEORIES AND CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO MECHANISMS. .
Upon entry into middle adulthood there are immediate changes that are noticed in regard to appearance and physical health. One reason for change is the progression of age along with an accumulation of stressors on various parts of the body that will eventually lead to unwanted deterioration. The culprit of some other forms of changes are strictly due to age and cannot be halted naturally regardless of individuals habits prior to middle adulthood. However, aging can be less stressful if an individual adopts a healthy way of life during adolescent years and maintain positive habits into middle and late adulthood. Being in the age bracket of 40 to 65 there will be health related changes causing some to accommodate, but every experiences is unique in some particular way.
James Lind, a Scottish Surgeon, played a significant role in the understanding that experimental studies could be used to test theorems of affected mortality. Born in Edinburgh, his previous apprenticeship at the Edinburgh College of Surgeons lead him into his own practice of discovering the remedy for scurvy as it was killing more soldiers of the Royal Navy than enemy action (Milne, 2004). Lind’s epidemiological study presented that the use of citrus fruits had the ability to treat scurvy. Epidemiological studies can be established as either observational or experimental. While observational studies are considered natural experiments, James Lind used an experimental study to consider a true outcome (Htway, 2016). His conducted observation to deal with the treatment of scurvy, a disease cause by deficiency of Vitamin C, proposed him to use subjects who currently had similar cases of scurvy. Symptoms resulting from the deficiency included the swelling of gums and continual damage to open wounds.
Ageing is a continuing life cycle, it is an ongoing developmental event that brings certain changes in one’s own psychological and physical state. It is a time in one's own life where an elderly individual reminisce and reflect, to bask and live on previous accomplishments and begin to finish his life cycle. There is a significant amount of adjusting that requires an elderly individual to be flexible and develop new coping skills to adapt in the changes that are common in their new life. (Dhara & Jogsan, 2013).
As the years go on, medicine begins to get more advanced. Therefore, causing the older folks to now live longer than they have in the past. Younger people tend to have more muscle than older people. As we get older, we get more active, but then we get to around the age of thirty years old and then
Aging and being old was dominated by negative characteristics and conditions such as illness, depression, and isolation for a long time (Eibach, Mock, & Courtney, 2010). At first glance the terms “success” and “aging” seem to be in conflict to each other. When asking people about aging, their answers have many facets that are also found in psychological definitions: successful aging is seen as health, maturity and personal growth, self-acceptance, happiness, generativity, coping, and acceptance of age-related limitations. In the psychological sense successful aging is also often seen as the absence of age-associated characteristics (Strawbridge, Wallhagen, & Cohen, 2002). It seems that successful aging means is not aging.
Some health concerns come with aging into middle adulthood. Physical changes that one might see is that of gray and thinning hair, wrinkles,
I can tell you this, as I am quickly approaching my 70th year, like everything else in life, getting older is exactly what we tell ourselves it is, no more and no less. If we buy into the cultural stereotype of aging, then it probably means all of the above and we will march right to the rocking chair of life, and promptly fall asleep.
A term used for elders is aged, which is having reached a specific age (McKenzie & Pinger, 2015, p.273). Another term used for elders is aging, which means getting older. Some elders live in assisted-living facilities, which provides an alternative to long-term care in a nursing hoe. They also can live in retirement communities, which are areas that have been specifically developed for those in their retirement years (McKenzie & Pinger, 2015, p.288). For elders, health care is a major issue for them. Since they are older, they develop more health problems and that causes them to use the health care system
Vitamins, a group of organic substances required in our diets in small amounts for growth and nutrition, are usually found in foodstuffs or taken as supplements. Yet vitamins probably present a wider gap between myth and reality in the layman's understanding than almost any other area of our diet. Surveys have found that while a majority of Americans do take vitamin supplements on a regular or occasional basis for reason of health concerns, there exists enormous confusion about the actual purpose and benefits of this practice ("Use of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements in the United States," 1990:161). Most people have a recognition that Vitamin C prevents scurvy, that Vitamin A is found in fish-liver oils, or that Vitamin D is found in dairy products; many people believe that Vitamin E preserves youth and prevents sterility, or that Vitamin C can present colds and cancer. Beyond this, however, there is still considerable ignorance and widespread myth.