Biol2107 Lab W 7-9:30
Protein Concentration; Utilizing Spectrophotometer to analyze commercially available food products to Justify FDA food Labels
Scott Zoebisch
10-14-2015
Abstract
Proteins help shape the physical body and the world. The consumer relies on proper FDA labeling of protein concentration. This Lab report will discuss the importance of proteins, proper food labeling and how the protein concentration is analyzed. The experimental use of the Bradford Protein Assay and Spectrophotometer will support the hypothesis that if the FDA labels are accurate on product protein availability, then the experiments will concur with the actual protein concentrations
Introduction
The word protein in this present day of such a Health
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The higher the protein concentration, the higher the optical density. With Absorbance rates over 1.0 there are outliers that do not stay in the linear sequence. The Optical density will begin to level off close to 1.0 OD, and this is the reason to use a serial dilution to get the most accurate OD reading . The line of best fit equation for the standard curve is y=0.5394x ensuring to go through the point of origin. (See Table 1)
Table 2 shows the product and the FDA Food Label with the mg/ml of each Dairy product . By this table it shows the Muscle Milk having the highest protein concentration (see Table 2) Before the 1:50 dilution, the 1:1 dilution shows the Whole Milk having the highest protein concentration. The Serial dilution is mentioned previously contributes to a more accurate reading of exactly which product has the highest concentration of Protein available and is needed when the 1:1 dilution is over 1.0 OD Absorbance. Table 3 outlines the A bsorbance of the product before dilution (1:1 ratio) after serial Dilution (1:50 ratio) the calculated concentration of mg/ml divided by the standard curve and the actual FDA food label mg/ml (see table
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4 1
Introduction
Introductory paragraph includes clear statements of the following:
-Background and significance of the problem,
-statement of the question driving the research,
-statement of your hypothesis and prediction 6 3
Methods
Description of methods is a concise narrative of pertinent information in paragraph form. Not a bullet point list. 4 2.5
Results
Results are summarized (in writing and table or graph format) and include a statement about the results of controls used. 8 2
Discussion
Interpretation and discussion of results follows logically from the data
Conclusion is related back to the original question and hypothesis and follows logically from the data
Discussion of inconsistencies in the data, and potential biases in reference to the methods are included 8 2
Content Total 32 12.5
PAPER TOTAL: 22 (out of 50 possible points)
Any type of PLAGIARISM will result in a
These labels indicated the lactose solution that was be placed into the mini-microfuge tubes. The varying lactose ph solutions were obtained. The four miniature pipets were then used, (one per solution,) to add 1mL of the solution to the corresponding mini-microfuge tubes. When this step is completed there were two mini-microfuge tubes that matched the paper towel. Then, once all of the solutions contained their respective lactose solutions, 0.5mL of the lactase enzyme suspension was added to the first mini-microfuge tube labeled LPH4 on the paper towel, and 4 on the microfuge tube. As soon as the lactase enzyme suspension was added to the mini-microfuge tube, the timer was started in stopwatch mode (increasing.) When the timer reached 7 minutes and 30 seconds, the glucose test strip was dipped into the created solution in the mini-microfuge tube for 2 seconds (keep timer going, as the timer is also needed for the glucose strip. Once the two seconds had elapsed, the test strip was immediately removed, and the excess solution was wiped gently on the side of the mini-microfuge tube. The timer was continued for 30 addition seconds. Once the timer reached 7:32 (the extra two seconds accounting for the glucose dip), the test strip was then compared the glucose test strip color chart that is found on the side of the glucose test strip
...at keep organisms alive. “Proteins are the most structurally sophisticated molecules known” (Campbell, 1999) which is reason enough to study them. The techniques we learned in this lab form a basis from which a detailed study of proteins is possible. Following our procedure we were successfully able to set up a quantifying assay to determine the amount of protein within a milk sample, although our yield percentage was rather low. However, errors in this lab (in the form of a low yield percentage) may have an origin from our last lab. In the process of extracting proteins from the milk sample, we may have inadvertently lost some of the protein through erroneous measurements, or perhaps through poor handling of either ammonium sulfate or the dialysis tubing. While not sufficient enough (at this point) to invalidate our results, they do explain the major difference between the expected and the actual amount of protein extracted.
Going into details of the article, I realized that the necessary information needed to evaluate the experimental procedures were not included. However, when conducting an experiment, the independent and dependent variable are to be studied before giving a final conclusion.
Many academic, scientific, and regulatory organizations are considering ways to establish the scientific basis to support and further validate claims for functional components or the foods containing them. Consumer interest in the relationship between diet and health has increased the demand for information about functional foods. More recently, the food industry, the agricultural community, and now consumers have shown a growing interest in the field of...
Customers/Consumers were worried about the changes in the market for food and drugs because they no longer had a single clue of what was in their products. Food production was moving from household prepared to general markets. As food markets became more refined due to the improvement of technology. The difficulty in discerning the quality of their product heightened. With new and quicker ways make food, fears of the ingredients that the foods consisted grew. Preservatives and chemicals also instilled a concern to consumers. Health officials, chemists, and other individuals tested and proved the dangers of these new additives.
...to ensure results are a true representation of participant opinion. The researcher to share a clear account of the methods, data collection and analysis used in the study.
Within the last several years, there has been a dramatic increase in food-related litigation challenging labels on products as misleading and deceptive. In particular, today’s growing numbers of class actions suits are accusing companies of making false claims regarding the nutritional content of its products.
A food label is a source of advertising a food product. Manufacturers try their best to make their product food label as attractive as possible, by using bright colours, bold text, food claims, and a lot of information. Too much information on a food label might have caused a lot of painful headaches for consumers; but it's all worth it, due to many health and nutrition problems. By law, manufacturers must abide by the standard code terms of what is put on their food label. By this, a food label must have no false claims or information, be in English and legible and easy to see. Also must contain a barcode, name of food, list of ingredients in descending order of weight, net weight, any additives in the food, country of origin, use of imported ingredients, name and address of manufacturer, date marking and nutrition panel if any claims are made.
Parker, Betty. "FOOD FOR HEALTH: The Use of Nutrient Content, Health, and Structure/Function Claims in Food Advertisements." Journal of Advertising 32.3 (2003): 47-55. Proquest. Web. 3 Mar. 2010.
With the help of different dietary assessment methods such as food recalls and food record,...
The father of quantitative analysis, Rene Descartes, thought that in order to know and understand something, you have to measure it (Kover, 2008). Quantitative research has two main types of sampling used, probabilistic and purposive. Probabilistic sampling is when there is equal chance of anyone within the studied population to be included. Purposive sampling is used when some benchmarks are used to replace the discrepancy among errors. The primary collection of data is from tests or standardized questionnaires, structured interviews, and closed-ended observational protocols. The secondary means for data collection includes official documents. In this study, the data is analyzed to test one or more expressed hypotheses. Descriptive and inferential analyses are the two types of data analysis used and advance from descriptive to inferential. The next step in the process is data interpretation, and the goal is to give meaning to the results in regards to the hypothesis the theory was derived from. Data interpretation techniques used are generalization, theory-driven, and interpretation of theory (Gelo, Braakmann, Benetka, 2008). The discussion should bring together findings and put them into context of the framework, guiding the study (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). The discussion should include an interpretation of the results; descriptions of themes, trends, and relationships; meanings of the results, and the limitations of the study. In the conclusion, one wants to end the study by providing a synopsis and final comments. It should include a summary of findings, recommendations, and future research (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). Deductive reasoning is used in studies...
= Before conducting the experiment I would conduct a simple test for the protein by placing a sample of the albumen into a test tube and add biurett reagent. This contains copper (II) sulphate and sodium hydroxide.
We ask ourselves what does this food we eat really contain and will it harm us? According to the food industry everything we as the consumers need to know about our food should be on the back label.The food
...(Complete protein. (2014, March 24). “Complete proteins could be gain from meat, fish, poultry, cheese, eggs, yogurt, and milk” (Incomplete vs. Complete Proteins. (n.d.).
The data collected will be analysed and interpreted. The summary of the findings, suggestions and the conclusion will be given in the report.