Polyamides I researched polyamides, polyamides are a type of macromolecule that have repeating units linked by amide bonds. Polyamides are a general category of Polymers and the most common example of them are Nylons and Kevlars so nothing is just a polyamide it will be a certain type. The monomer unit, a molecule that is bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer, for polyamides the monomer unit varies due to the fact they can easily copolymerize, which is when two or more different monomers come together the result being a copolymer. However, the most popular monomer you will find will be an amide bond,a covalent bond linking two or more amino acids, CONH₂. Amino acids take many different forms but …show more content…
Naturally occurring polymers will be proteins like silk. It will definitely depend on the type of polyamide being made because they will take many different forms such as, Nylons can help to make the inner structure of tires but can also take the shape of solids and used for machine parts and Kevlar is used in bulletproof vests. When describing the properties of polyamides it will need to be done based on the type of polyamide so I will be describing the chemical and physical properties of Nylon 6 a polyamide fiber. Nylon 6 has a density of 1.14 g/c.c, a melting point of 215℃, it also has a very good elasticity, its natural color is going to be white but it can be dyed, and has the ability to protect heat up to 150℃. The main chemical property of Nylon 6 is it is an organic solvent which means it becomes soluble in any dense acid or phenol. You have almost definitely used polyamides there are polyamides in tents, toothbrush bristles, rope, they don't have to be fibers they are sometimes used for gears, lots of times polyamides are used in packaging. Polyamides are used because they are so strong
Hydrochloric acid is the clear colourless solutions of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water, hydrochloric acid is also a highly corrosive substance and a strong mineral acid meaning they are formed from inorganic compounds, hydrochloric acid is a monoprotic acid meaning that it can only ionize one H+ ion. As a result hydrochloric acid can be used in a wide range of industrial practices such as removing rust from steel, ore processing, the production of corn syrup and making of PVC plastics. Hydrochloric acid is made using a very straight forward method which involves dissolving hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water, releasing the H+ cation and Cl- anion. In this aqueous form the H+ ion joins water to form a hydronium ion (H3O+)
The Structure and Function of Carbohydrates Large biological molecules are called macromolecules, there are giant molecules (polymers) made up of repeating units (monomers). Carbohydrates are one of the main classes of biological molecules. Macromolecule units (monomers) are joined together by condensation reactions and hydrolysis reactions split macromolecules down into their individual units. Carbohydrates are molecules that contain elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates have a 2:1 hydrogen to oxygen ratio, there are twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms (the same proportion as in water).
Kevlar is made up of carbon fibers and shares the same characteristics as other aromatic polyamide. Kevlar has distinctive trait and chemical shape that makes it special from other human made fibers. Kevlar is made up of mixture of pure strength, high resistance, hardness, and heat stability. Nylon and polyester became available for human production of fibers in the late 20th century. They used to trim the fiber at its edge back in their time, but they need to reach a maximum of strength and an initial value. In order for that to achieve, the Kevlar molecules should have an extended set of figures and almost supreme clear order. With these bendable molecules such as nylon, this can only be made by mechanically pulled after the rotation process.
rapid development of polymer chemistry after World War II a host of new synthetic fibers
The synthesis of polymers starts with ethylene, (or ethene). Ethylene is obtained as a by-product of petrol refining from crude oil or by dehydration of ethanol. Ethylene molecules compose of two methylene units (CH2) linked together by a double carbon
Synthetic fibers have only been around for the last 100 years or so. The first synthetic fiber was rayon, developed in 1910. This fabric felt like silk. The next synthetic fabric, called the "Miracle Fiber", was nylon in 1939. Synthetic fabrics were different than the natural fabrics because the natural ones had some problems like shrinking and feeling itchy on the skin. Other common synthetic fabrics include polyester and spandex.
A Lot of women and girls would say, “I love doing my toe and fingernails!”, or “matte is better than glossy”. But my question is do they know the history behind nail polish? Or is matte really better than glossy? Well, all of these questions and more will be answered in this essay. This essay is conducted to state weather matte nail polish last longer than glossy.
Fiber is a threadlike material that can be found in a natural or manmade form. Natural fibers derive from various animals, plants and can even be produced by insects. These fibers have been in use since prehistoric times and are currently produced today. The most common natural fibers used are linen, wool, silk, and cotton. They have been woven together to create fabrics for clothing and other items.
Natural and synthetic fibers are a crucial part in the creation of clothing worldwide. A fiber is a raw material with properties including the suitable length, pliability and strength, all qualities that give it the ability to be used in fabrics and yarns. Fibers consist of different types of polymers, and all fibers are made of polymers. ("Polymer (chemistry)"). A polymer is a large, or macromolecules formed in a repeated pattern called a monomer. Different polymers have varying properties and this is why some materials are sought after to be used in fabrics and some aren’t ("Polymers in Textile Fibers"). A very important element in most polymers is carbon, as it forms a wide variety of bonds. Polymers are produced biologically in nature, and also have the ability to be created synthetically, hence synthetic fibers ("Synthetic Fibers"). So this leaves the question, what are the advantages and disadvantages of the respective natural and synthetic fibers and what is the reasoning behind choosing one over another? What qualities do natural and synthetic fibers have that persuades people toward using them?
There are two popular ways of creating nylon for fiber applications. One, ¡°molecules with an acid (COOH) group on each end are reacted with molecules containing amine (NH©ü) groups on each end.¡± The nylon 6,6 is made in this fashion. The other common way of making nylon fibers is by polymerizing a compound containing an amine at one end and an acid at the other, to form a chain with reoccurring groups of (-NH-[CH©ü]n-CO-)x. If the x=5, the fiber is named nylon 6 (Nylon Fiber).
Polyethylene is a polymer that is made of a long chain of CH2 monomers bonded together. It is one of the most commonly used polymers in everyday items. Grocery bags, soap bottles, children’s toys, and even bullet proof vests are all made from polyethylene.2 This polymer is very versatile and can be used in many materials but this all depends on the way that the polymer is chemically made or enhanced. There are many different types of polyethylene classified by density and branching. 2
Fabrics All fabrics are created from tiny hair-like fibers. These can be less. than an inch in length or long, strands that go on and on. These fibers are mixed by twisting them together, making a yarn. The yarns are woven, knitted or they are ironed onto the fabric.
These monomers are called amino acids and have an amine group NH2 and a carboxyl group COOH.
Nylon is one of the best fabric and used in various types of products such as clothing, war materials, climbing equipment, bulletproof vests and others. According to Smith (2009), Nylon is use in various products due to its strength, durability, resistance to damage and light weight. Besides, its price is less expensive and very