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The pros and cons of the Clean Air Act of 1970
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Policy Memo TO: Dr. Bo Liu FROM: Logan Young SUBJECT: Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Clean Air Act DATE: October 25, 2017 The purpose of this memorandum is to review the cost-benefit analysis process and the pros and cons that are involved with the procedures, within the Clean Air Act. The cost-benefit analysis and how it is utilized to make regulatory decisions will be covered, as well as the results of the Clean Air Act cost-benefit analysis. The EPA conducted the research, so this will talk about the steps the EPA took to analyze it. Lastly, this memo will tell you if there are any areas of the analysis that could be overestimated or underestimated. What is a cost-benefit analysis? A cost-benefit analysis is “whenever people decide whether the advantages of a particular action are likely to outweigh its drawbacks” (Benefit-Cost Analysis, n.d.). The analysis estimates the economic value placed upon a …show more content…
Clean Air Act cost-benefit analysis results Was the analysis overestimated or underestimated? References Benefit-Cost Analysis. (n.d.). Retrieved October 25, 2017, from http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/BenefitCostAnalysis.html Cost-Benefit Analysis: Deciding, Quantitatively, Whether to go Ahead. (n.d.). Retrieved October 26, 2017, from https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTED_08.htm Cowen, T. (n.d.). Using Cost-Benefit Analysis to Review Regulation. Retrieved from https://www.gmu.edu/centers/publicchoice/faculty%20pages/Tyler/Cowen%20on%20cost%20benefit.pdf Lockwood, A. H. (2012, September 07). How the Clean Air Act Has Saved $22 Trillion in Health-Care Costs. Retrieved October 25, 2017, from http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/09/how-the-clean-air-act-has-saved-22-trillion-in-health-care-costs/262071/ Review, T. R. (2017, September 01). A Debate Over the Use of Cost-Benefit Analysis. Retrieved October 25, 2017, from
"The Pros and Cons of ObamaCare." UPMC. N.p., 6 Nov 2013. Web. 14 Apr 2014.
...0 billion per year due to an average of 130,000 deaths from this problem (Diamond, 2005). Therefore, the "U.S. Clean Air Act of 1970, although it's cleanup measures do cost money, has yielded estimated net health savings (benefits in excess of costs) of about $1 trillion per year, due to saved lives and reduced health costs" (Diamond, 2005). Saving the environment has far-reaching implications. The improvement of many environmental conditions ultimately helps human health and saves money; a clear case in point being New Orleans. In this case, Washington D.C. should more strongly consider mitigating environmental problems when they arise.
Economic Benefit Attributed to Opening a Preoperative Evaluation Clinic for Outpatients, 83,407-10. Retrieved on November 8th, 2006 from
Shedd, M. S., Wilman, E. A., & Burch, R. D. (1990). An Economic Analysis of
The quality of air we intake on a daily basis is essential to our health, therefore, the EPA’s Clean Air Act provides the groundwork to support the quality of the air which we breathe. One of the goals of the Act was to set and achieve NAAQS in every state by 1975 to address the public health and welfare risks posed by certain air pollutants. The setting of these pollutant standards was coupled with directing the states to develop state implementation plans (SIPs), applicable to appropriate industrial sources in the stat...
There are several basic approaches that can be utilized when conducting economic evaluations for any new health care intervention; which can include medications that are designed for the treatment and prevention of disease and how to relate the effectiveness with the overall monetary value of the new treatment. The economic tools that can be employed to perform such an analysis can be broken down into four basic parts that consist of cost-minimization analysis (CMA), cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and cost-utility analysis (CUA). These four categories will contain the major financial analytical techniques employed when evaluating medical treatments and interventions along with other types termed cost-consequence
Ormond, B., Spillman, B., Waidmann, T., Caswell, K., & Tereshchenko, B.. (2011). Potential National and State Medical Care Savings From Primary Disease Prevention. American Journal of Public Health, 101(1), 157-64. Retrieved February 23, 2011, from ProQuest Psychology Journals. (Document ID: 2233850141).
benefits. When we make a decision we weigh up the costs and benefits and choose
Most American citizens, if asked, would say that sex trafficking is an issue that happens on foreign land, not here in America. Many American’s believe that slavery was abolished years ago, but modern day slavery is happening in this country and internationally every day right under our noses. The startling fact, is that sex trafficking happens within our borders, and in our very own towns at a much higher rate than anyone would imagine. Sex trafficking occurs when people, usually women and children, are coerced into the sex trade against their will (TVPA, 2013). Many traffickers target weak, vulnerable people who come from low socioeconomic backgrounds and have a history of abuse; however anyone can potentially be trafficked (The Polaris Project, 2014). Many traffickers lure their prey in with false promises of love, money, or security, and then the victims are instead faced with lies, debt bondage, violence, physical and mental manipulation, and abuse (The Polaris Project, 2014). In today’s world many of our social issues, such as human trafficking, are made worse by the general lack of education, resources, and information available to the public and to victims. I propose a policy that will help 180 Turning Lives Around provide comprehensive and much needed services to victims of sex trafficking, as well as educate the community and law enforcement officials in order to help end modern day slavery in America.
In an effort to improve the lives of Americans, the United States Congress has enacted several legislative acts to reduce environmental pollutants. The motivation to take serious environmentally protective public policies came after 1948 when thick heavy smog covered the streets of Donora, Pennsylvania. The incident resulted in the death of 20 people with thousands more falling ill from the respiratory effects of the smog which carried yet unknown environmentally hazardous air pollutants from two factories in the city. This tragedy made the United States government aware that they needed to be concern about air pollution, and before the United Sates Congress passed the Clean Air Act, as we know it today, there were two previous acts that began to shape what now is a truly comprehensible Clean Air Act.
Varkey, P., Murad, M. H., Braun, C., Grall, K. J., & Saoji, V. (2010, July 3). A review of cost-effectiveness, cost-containment and economics curricula in graduate medical education. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 16(6), 1055-1062. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01249.x
Russell, L. B. (2009). Preventing chronic disease: an important investment, but don’t count on cost savings. Health Affairs, 28(1), p. 42-45.
Business organizations usually make many regular decisions during their activity, but when an organization wants to make a specific operational decision, it requires distinguishing the appropriate cost elements to a particular management decision. One of the practical tools in the decision-making process is to compare the costs of a particular alternative with that of other alternatives, which is known as the differential analysis.
The Clean Air Act has been positive legislation as it has guarded the health of families as well as made breathing much easier by reducing the amount of harmful pollutants from the air. With this Act Americans have had more time to enjoy the outdoors and not become bogged down because of illness. With this Act, no longer do you see cars blowing out dark smoke from their exhaust pipes or a city skyline with a black haze around it. With the implementation of the Clean Air Act and its amendments, there have been a reduction in the amounts of premature death; people are living longer healthier lives, children are not missing school reducing the need to make a visit to the doctor’s office incurring a medical expense. In 2010, a study was completed by the EPA and found the amounts
"Human Life Value - Financial Calculators from Dinkytown.net." Financial Calculators. Web. 06 Feb. 2011. .