It has been reported that general down regulation of protein synthesis in mammalian and yeast cells is regulated by phosphorylation of eIF2α (eukaryotic initiation factor 2) during environmental stress such as heat stress, nutrient starvation, or viral infection (Wek et al., 2006). However, the mechanism in plants has not been well characterized (Lageix et al., 2008). Recently, a GCN2-like enzyme (AtGCN2) has been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana which has been shown to compliment a yeast GCN2 null mutant (Scgcn2 ) (Zhang et al, 2003), the homolog, AtGCN2, was shown to be activated and phosphorylate eIF2α in response to several environmental stresses such as amino acid and purine starvation, UV irradiation, cold shock, and wounding (Lageix et al, 2008). These results are consistent with those of Zhang et al (2008) which found the application of herbicides that block the synthesis of specific amino acids induced eIF2α phosphorylation, and this was which completely suppressed by adding an excess of the appropriate amino acids to the growth medium. However, the findings of their st...
The three plants that would be most important to bring on a trip to a interesting new alien plant would be potatoes, oranges, and cactuses. These plants are all equally important in a role of surviving as they all have individual pros an cons such as water collection, nutrition, and vitamins, and even building a shelter. These which are essential in surviving in a foreign unknown planet hostile to humans. All of these plants perform different functions that no other could match. Potatoes are a
Marijuana is a psychoactive drug from the Cannabis plant. The main ingredient that gets you “high” is THC. Tetra Hydra Cannabinol or “THC” is a chemical responsible for the euphoria and psychoactive effects. There are 3 types of Cannabis plants and they all server their different purposes. Indica is described by marijuana users to be very relaxing and produces sedative effects. The Indica Cannabis plant leaves are short and stubby. Sativa on the other hand produces opposite effects. Marijuana
of many plants. As a nutrient, nitrogen is essential to many plants growth and survival. As a pollutant, nitrogen can not only affect the plant at the given time but be very detrimental many years down the road. No matter where you go nitrogen will always be either a fertilizer, nutrient, or pollutant. Nitrogen can be considered as both a fertilizer and nutrient under the right constraints. I will use citrus plants as one of my examples. For citrus growers applying nitrogen to plants is a common
very important time to find out what living plants are all about and how they affect us. Photosynthesis, what most humans don't know, is very important to our life. It is important because plants make their own food and past their energy down to humans when we eat the nutrients that the plants have in them. Without nutrients, we humans would not be able to function properly. Photosynthesis also creates fresh air so we can breathe. The main point in my research is to inform people what photosynthesis
to the different species of animals and plants to become extinct. There are five threats examined in the authors’ researches; habitat destruction, pollution, alien species, farms, and disease. Over time, pollution, destruction, diseases have destroyed the natural habitats and homes of species such as birds, fish, plants, and animals. The science of how species become extinct come from the over harvesting of crops, which places a threat on our birds and plants due to the pesticide pollution. The Endangered
between a few months and a couple of years after the asteroid stuck earth, fungus served as the dominant flora across the globe (Vajda). This point is reiterated in a news report published by the Swedish Research Council (SRC) soon after. In this essay, I will analyze the credibility of the research performed by the two paleontologists, the accuracy of the media article in conveying the Journal’s message, and I will provide some of my own thoughts as to how believable I interpret this account of what
drastically because of human interference, and the wildlife has to adapt to rapid changes in their environment, which has caused it to become a National Park to prevent such changes as well as stop the introduction of exotic plant-life and animals into the Everglades. Anne Ake's research explains that the Everglades has changed dramatically since the human settlers arrived. For years, fires were common and healthy for the environment. But when the settlers cleared out land with massive fires, the environment
this domain usually exists in a multicellular complex. In the domain eukarya, the genus that was examined in this lab was Ceratopteris, which is also called c-fern; this plant is used in research to see how plant growth is affected by various changes that affect plant growth. (Lloyd, 1973) The reason that c-fern is used to do research is because of it’s developmental process. The reason why their life cycle is so unique is because it has a biphasic life cycle that has two independent diploid and haploid
Plants are the primary producers in Earth’s ecosystem. Plants are autotropic, meaning they can produce their own food by the process of photosynthesis and as a result ultimately produce food for the ecosystem’s consumers. Understanding plant function is the key to enhancing crop production, medicine production, preservation of plant bio diversity etc. The plant kingdom is a treasure house of potential drugs and in the recent years there has been an increasing awareness about the importance of medicinal
most often in Southern California. Chaparral plants have special adaptations that help them deal with the unique climate. In addition there are specific characters of a Coastal Sage Scrub and Chaparral community that would help in their identification. Both of these topics, secondary succession, endangered plant species, and the importance of habitat preservation will be discussed. The Chaparral and Coastal Sage Scrub have a variety of different plant species, from Torrey Pine to Cacti. They each
The Orchidaceaeis a diverse and widespread family of flowering plants with blooms. And Dendrobium is a huge genus of orchids which have most marketing value among other orchids in the world. Orchids with their bewildering range of flowers and beautiful color combinations provide a source of profound aesthetic pleasure to both owners and visitors. The striking resemblances of their flowers to various forms of animal life behold the attention of everyone who looks at them. Orchids are excellent item
Phytoremediation: Using Plants To Combat a Stressed Environment Plants have long been adapting the traits necessary to survive in a wide variety of stressful environments – including areas of high salinity, extreme heat, drought, and freezing temperatures - but now, using genetic modification, scientists have been able to expand the role that plants play in the environment. With the advent of transgenic biotechnology, plants can be enhanced with qualities that not only allow them to flourish
Butterfly gardening can be a terrific way to supply food for butterflies, pollinate plants, and delight in observing them fly around. The fulfillment which gardeners get through watching butterflies and various wildlife within their gardens is an outstanding reward for their gardening endeavours. Butterfly gardening is the skill of employing flowers and plants which bring butterflies to your house. The gorgeous insects will flutter around the backyard, amusing and thrilling you. Butterfly gardening
too much water in other regions. Changes in precipitation patterns can influence plant physiology and thereby affect the rates of photosynthesis. Such patterns include drought in which warmer temperatures increase evaporative stress on a plant and increased rain or frequency of storms can influence water uptake by plants. Under both conditions, there is a change in photosynthetic rates. Photosynthesis allows the plant to accumulate carbon, grow and produce biomass (Niu et al. 2008). Therefore, a change
The Purple Loosestrife is an invasive species that continues to reproduce and slowly being treated. The invasive species of the Purple Loosestrife, or Lythrum Salicaria, is a wetland plant that can produce up to 2.7 million seeds with each plant blooming about 30 flowering stems from early July until early September. From their long flower spikes, they have five to seven pink purple petals with a purple rose flower. This invasive species can grow from anywhere between four feet to ten feet tall