Psychologists have identified ten different types of personality disorders and categorized into three different clusters. In the beginning, the diagnostic testing for schizotypal was not very reliable, because the symptoms ranged from mild to severe, and would vary to the severity of the symptoms. Due to research, psychologists have discovered the various causes that trigger this disorder. With the new age, there has been some new advancement made toward helping and treating patients with schizotypal. It does not affect just the patient but takes a big toll on society.
According to the DSM-IV (2000), schizotypal personality disorder occurs more often in males than in females and over three percent of the general population. The disorder occurs the frequently during childhood or adolescence. According to Oldham, Skodol, and Bender (2009), the disorder appears to worsen with age. Patients with the disorder tend to be homeless, live in the woods, or live in marginal homes. This is contributed to not receiving advancements on jobs and difficulties holding down jobs.
According to Myers (2012), a personality disorder is “characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning” (p. 327). Personality disorders are psychological. Schizotypal personality disorder is considered a psychological disorder. This personality disorder is distinguished by patterns of severe discomfort in secure relationships, reasoning and perceptions are distorted, and display unconventional behavior.
According Bjornlund (2011), psychologists have identified ten known personality disorders. Personality disorders have been grouped into different categories. These categories consist of Cluster A, B, and C. Cluster A exhibi...
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...omeless. Some tend to join cults that share their eccentric believes and rituals. Some may become criminals like the Unabomber. Many become hypochondriacs, may be abused by their spouses, or become abusive to others.
Works Cited
Myers, D. (2012). Psychology in everyday life. (Second ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers.
Bjornlund, L. (2011). Personality disorders: Diseases and disorders. San Diego, CA: ReferencePoint Press, Inc.
(2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (fourth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.
Oldham, J., Skodol, A., & Bender, D. (2009). Essentials of personality disorders. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/ebookviewer/ebook/bmxlYmtfXzI4MTQ3NF9fQU41?sid=378e0eba-c882-41fb-82c5-80b3e8bc2805@sessionmgr4001&vid=2&format=EB&rid=1
Torgersen, S. (2009). The nature (and nurture) of personality disorders. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 50(6), 624-632. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00788.x
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
In order to evaluate the proposed changes the DSM-5, researchers conducted semisturctured diagnostic interviews on 2,150 psychiatric outpatients. The prevalence of personality disorders was approximately 614 individuals, 28.6% when all 10 of the DSM-IV personality disorders were included. When removing the proposed personality disorders 555 individuals, 25.8% were diagnosed with atleast one of the remaining personality disorders. Removal of the pro...
middle of paper ... ... Retrieved June 16, 2002, from http://nimh.nih.gov/publicat/numbers.cfm. National Mental Health Association. 2000 May 15.
Personality disorders and mental illnesses are viewed by the general public as similar attributes that are equally harmful. However, when one delves into the diagnostics and patterns of the individual disorders and illnesses, it can be seen that there are major differences between each one. There are many levels of severity of the effects each disorder or illness has on society as a whole. They range from affecting only the individual on a solely personal basis to affecting a large amount of people on a highly violent level. Generally, it is found that mental illnesses have an influence on an individual level while personality disorders have an influence on a widespread level. As in every medical topic, there are outliers, or cases that are far outside the expected outcome, but for the most part, illnesses have less far reaching effects than disorders. On the spectrum of the societal effects of personality disorders and mental illnesses, the obsessive-compulsive disorder, which is actually a mental illness, is on the lowest level in terms of widespread consequences; just above this illness is schizophrenia which has the ability to affect more than the individual unless treated; the narcissistic disorder has farther reaching effects in society, such as in bureaucratic situations, than the two previously mentioned illnesses, placing it higher on the spectrum, and last, but not least, the schizoid personality disorder has proven to have the most wide spread consequences in the form of both emotional trauma and violence allocating it the highest level.
Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), is considered by many as part of the schizophrenic spectrum. It is characterized by discomfort with other people, peculiar patterns of thinking and behavior, and eccentricity. These may take the form of cognitive or perceptual disturbances. Yet, unlike schizophrenia, these psychotic symptoms are not as fully developed as delusions or hallucinations but instead can be characterized as perceptual illusions. A person suffering from SPD might become extremely anxious in social situations, especially those involving strangers. Schizotypal patients also tend to be overly suspicious of others and are not prone to trust others or to relax in their presence.
The initial diagnosis of Schizoaffective Disorder can be somewhat confusing. Many patients and loved ones wonder, “What does that mean?” “How is it different than Schizophrenia?” We’re here to break it down for you. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Schizoaffective Disorder is classified as: An uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a Major Mood Episode (Major Depressive or Manic) concurrent with the Criterion A of Schizophrenia. The Major Depressive Episode must include Criterion A1. Depressed mood. Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a Major Mood Episode (Depressive or Manic) during the lifetime duration of the illness. Symptoms that meet criteria for a Major Mood Episode are present for the majority of the total duration of the active and residual portions of the illness. The disturbance is not attributable to the effects of a substance or another medical condition.
Cluster C personality disorders include avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. The first personality disorder is avoidant personality disorder. With avoidant personality disorders you are very hurt to rejection and criticism. You feel like you are not capable of being attractive. Avoidant personality disorders like to avoid activities that involve personal contact with anyone. People with avoidant personality disorders do not like the sense of disapproval. With this disorder people have a lot of behavioral or performance restraint. People with this disorder are very timid in personal relationships and social activities. After avoidant personality disorders is dependent personality disorders. Dependent personality disorders have a lot to do with excessive dependence in others. You feel like you need to take care of others instead of yourself. Inclined and very clingy behavior towards others. You would fear that when left alone you would have to take care of yourself. People that have this disorder tend to lack self-confidence and rely on others for the help of small decisions. With dependent personality disorders you also tend to fear disapproval. People with this disorder tolerant poor and abusive treatment and they do not say or do anything about it. They feel like they have no other option.
Culture has a huge influence on how people view and deal with psychological disorders. Being able to successfully treat someone for a mental illness has largely to do with what they view as normal in their own culture. In Western cultures we think that going to a counselor to talk about our emotions or our individual problems and/or getting some type of drug to help with our mental illness is the best way to overcome and treat it, but in other cultures that may not be the case. In particular Western and Asian cultures vary in the way they deal with psychological disorders. In this paper I am going to discuss how Asian cultures and Western cultures are similar and different in the way they view psychological disorders, the treatments and likelihood of getting treatment, culture bound disorders, and how to overcome the differences in the cultures for optimal treatments.
Personality disorders are inflexible maladaptive personality traits that cause significant impairment of social and occupational functioning. Personality disorders can affec...
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fourth Edition. Arlington : American Psychiatric Association.
...chiatric Association. (2012). “Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders” (4th Ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Every person that has different characteristics that influence how they think, act, and build relationships. While some people are introverted, others are extroverted. Some people are strict and do not take risks, while others are carefree and free spirited. However, there are times where a person’s behavior becomes destructive, problematic, and maladaptive (Widger, 2003). The key to examining a person for a possible personality disorder is not if they have quirks, but if they display severe behavioral, emotional, and social issues. A diagnosis of having a personality disorders involves identifying if their extreme behaviors, emotions, and thoughts that are different than cultural expectations interfere with the ...
Hoermann, Simone, Corinne E. Zupanick, and Mark Dombeck. "Cognitive-Behavioral Theory of Personality Disorders." - Personality Disorders. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.