The DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group made several recommendations to change the DSM-IV approach towards diagnosing personality disorders. One of those recommendations was to delete five personality disorders as a way to reduce the level of comorbidity among the disorders. Histrionic, paranoid narcissistic, paranoid and dependent personality disorders were recommended for removal. In the present article, Zimmerman and his colleges evaluated the impact of these recommendations in three different ways, prevalence of personality disorders, comorbidity among these disorders and association with psychosocial morbidity. In order to evaluate the proposed changes the DSM-5, researchers conducted semisturctured diagnostic interviews on 2,150 psychiatric outpatients. The prevalence of personality disorders was approximately 614 individuals, 28.6% when all 10 of the DSM-IV personality disorders were included. When removing the proposed personality disorders 555 individuals, 25.8% were diagnosed with atleast one of the remaining personality disorders. Removal of the pro...
Torgersen, S. (2009). The nature (and nurture) of personality disorders. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 50(6), 624-632. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00788.x
Frances, A., & Ross, R. (1996). DSM-IV case studies a clinical guide to differential diagnosis. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc.
In a person’s life, they may encounter and be face with many challenging circumstances or situations that may deeply affect them. It may make a person feel like they are a failure or even cause heartbreak of some kind. These situations may cause a person who once was so outgoing and happy to become detach from the outside world and avoid interaction with people and relationships. A new study has shown that about 31 million Americans has a personality disorder (Davis, 2017). Personality disorders is a type of mental disorder that makes individuals suffering from this to exhibit persistent unsuitable and abnormal behaviors, thinking, and at times they have trouble perceiving information and situations in a healthy way (Butcher, Hooley,
This paper will examine the complicated roles a counselor has related to the use of prescribed medication in treating mental health issues. The first section will explore the boundaries and ethical implications for a counselor surrounding the recommendation and prescription of psychotropic medication. The next section will include the counselor’s role in client education about medication. The third section will relate to the details of client referral when medication is warranted.
Skodol, Andrew E. et al. Comorbidity of DSM-111-R Eating Disorders and Personality Disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders Vol 14(4), 403-416.(1993).
Personality disorders are inflexible maladaptive personality traits that cause significant impairment of social and occupational functioning. Personality disorders can affec...
1. Summary: From small incidences, we can distinguish two types of people: the ones who sigh in frustration out of small mistakes and those who promptly deal with them without uttering any more than a single complaint or sigh. According to Michael D. Robinson(PHD at North Dakota State University), how we cope with these most dull incidents can reveal a lot about us as humans and our temperaments. In fact, this small deviation in behavior can prove detrimental to our health long term. Just as significantly stressful events can cause stress hormones to flood throughout our body, these small incidents can harm us according to Nancy Nicolson(associate professor of psychiatry and psychology at Maastricht University). Furthermore, Nicolson points to a 10-15% increase in cortisol levels for such small annoyances, which may be small compared to the 100% increase that we usually experience from greatly stressful events such as tests, but when accumulated over time, can lead to a bad combined effect. Carmen Sandi further states that feeling chronically stressed can weaken the immune system and increase heart disease. Rosalind S. Dorlen adds on, claiming that mental strategies can be practiced to help us exercise the brain region responsible for reasoning as long as we train ourselves to deal with this persistent tissue. Next, the article lists 5 signs of stress and how to deal with them. Often, we feel inconvenienced about a situation such as when a bus comes late and view our waiting of it as a “waste of time”. Perhaps, Dorlen concludes, we should try to see why the bus may have been late and take the issue from their perspective such as a maj...
Currently, there are two major types of treatments for personality disorders: psychotherapy and pharmacological therapy. Depending on whether the patient is suicidal or violent, determines how the psychiatrist, or therapist, will decide to treat the individual. One type of practice that is used in psychotherapy is called avoidance reduction. It is similar to the other techniques that are found in other psychotherapies. There are three approaches that are used in avoidance reduction: supportive therapy, positive feedback, and reassurance.
Leichsenring, F., & Leibing, E. (2003). The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of personality disorders: a meta-analysis. American Journal Of Psychiatry, 160(7), 1223--1232.
"Avoidant Personality Disorder: Symptoms, Treatments, and Complications." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 23 May 2014. .
McGrath, E. C., McGonagle, K.A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., Wittchen, H-U., & Kendler, K.S.(2007).Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 3-14.
Ullrich, S., Farrington, D., & Coid, J. (2007). Dimensions of DSM-IV personality disorders and life-successes. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 657-663.
“DSM IV defines personality disorder as an "Enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from expectations of the individual's culture". (Rotter 2002). The literature compared impatient and outpatient rates between different disorders documented in prisons, and the rates of personality disorders in the state mental health system. The inmates were grouped into four different Personality Disorder categories based on the DSM-IV criteria. Thirty-six percent of the inpatient population studied had a primary or secondary personality disorder diagnosis. 5% of the other category in the outpatient group, the most frequent personality disorders were paranoid and schizotypal. 17% of the inpatients also had a mood disorder,
In 1980, BPD had finally been recorded in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Ogrodniczuk & Hernandez, 2010). Now in the fifth edition, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders lists BPD among the fifteen types of personality disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
The Five-Factor Model of Personality gives an insight to psychologists when dealing with patients and test subjects. Due to this theory, research psychologist are able to research personality more accurately and uphold a better understanding when discussing the reasoning behind certain pre-disposed tendencies. Also, counselors which practice different types of therapy are enabled to learn details concerning their patient that can assist in the treatment of that specific patient. There have been multiple disputes in regards to the validity of the Five-Factor Model of Personality theory. Many skeptics believe that there are too many variations that come into play when dealing with personality in order to accurately depict and diagnose a 100% accurate declaration of ones’ characteristics (McCrae, 1991). The issue with relying on the model in order to declare one’s characteristics is that there is often overlap between the degrees of high and low (Popkins, 1998). Although this is a valid statement, the model is a significant role in sorting through the variations to achieve a probable consensus. Therefore, the model cannot achieve a result without any probable cause for doubt but generally will provide a clear depiction of ones’ traits and