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The influence of history on American literature
American literature themes and writers
The influence of history on American literature
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Personal narratives are often written when the author feels compelled to tell their story, usually they write them about a significant event. Going back to Columbus, the early explorers and settlers took to writing personal narratives to tell their story of what they found in the New World. The New World has a geography that is unique to each area. One thing all of the early explorers and settlers to the new world had in common was that they all had to deal with the Indians. In each area there are differnat tribes of Indians, it is for that reason the personal narratives written by the explorers and settellers are different from each other. The result of which meant that all of them had different experiences to write about in the narratives they wrote. Some of them written to convince more expeditions like Columbus did in The Diario of Christopher Columbus's First Voyage to America, 1492-1493. Later to tell their story of survival amongst the native population, as in the case of de Vaca’s The Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca and Mary Rowlandson’s The Sovereignty and Goodness of God. Finally, more written to tell how the first permanent settlements survived and later thrived as in Bradford’s narrative Of Plymouth Plantation. Upon the first discovery of the New World by Columbus, the leaders of the early expedition used the personal narrative to tell their story. Even though all three of them used the personal narrative, all four had a different purpose for writing it.
Upon reaching the shore, Columbus, we know that he made contact with the Indians. Of the early explorers first contact with the Indians, his is both the most contenous and well known. His reaction to the way they treated them gave the impression that he and his men and th...
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...nson. The Bedford Anthology of American Literature. Comp. Susan Belasco. Vol. 1. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2008. 68-73. Print.
5. De Vaca, Alvar Nunez Cabeza. “The Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca." The Bedford Anthology of American Literature. Comp. Susan Belasco and Linck C. Johnson. Vol. 1. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2008. 76-85. Print.
6. Kupperman, Karen O. "The Diario of Christopher Columbus's First Voyage to America, 1492-1493. The American Exploration and Travel Series." 56.3 (1990): 512-13. Print.
7. Rowlandson, Mary. "The Sovereignty and Goodness of God." The Bedford Anthology of American Literature. By Susan Belasco and Linck C. Johnson. Vol. 1. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2008. 193-228. Print.
8. Toulouse, Teresa. "The Sovereignty and Goodness of God in 1682: Royal Authority, Female Captivity, and "Creole" Male Identity." Elh 67.4 (2000): 925-49. Print.
In 1492, Christopher Columbus was a self-made man who worked his way up to being the Captain of a merchant vessel. He gained the support of the Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, for an expedition to the Indies. With the support of the Spanish monarchy, he set off to find a new and faster trade route to the Indies. Upon the arrival of his first voyage, Columbus wrote a letter to Luis de Santangel, a “royal official and an early supporter of his venture,” in February 1493 (35). The epistle, letter, entitled “Letter to Luis de Santangel Regarding the First Voyage” was copied and then distributed in Spain before being translated and spread throughout Europe. The Letter is held in such regard with the people as it is considered the first printed description of the new world. Through his description of the nature of the islands, Columbus decided the future fate of the islands. His description of the vast beauty of the nature around him, declares both the economic and nationalistic motivations for colonizing the new world.
Hopkins, Dwight N. "Columbus, the Church, and slave religion." Journal of Religious Thought, Winter 92/ Spring 93, Volume 49, Issue 2, p25.
...he understood, by caveats of : “ he understood that”, “ it seemed to him”, or “ he believed that” , this made what he heard as irrelevant, since this provided no effect on the ultimate message (Bodmer, 34-35). The consequences represented in Columbus’s writings is presented as objective and comprehensive rather that subjective and biased and he would use literary privileges to create America using his imaginary model as he saw fit (Bodmer, 36.37). Columbus’s use of imaginary models provided him two functions, one personal that allowed him to validate his theories and prove accuracy to his plan, and confirms in his own estimation that he as God’s chosen agent and second to justify his ventures and establish his prestige (Bodmer, 39). Columbus’s representation of American was that of imagination but would be viewed by historians and “the civilizing of America”.
Bibliography:.. Works Cited Meyer, M., Ed., (1999). Bedford Introduction to Literature, 5th Ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin.
Meyer, Michael. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2008. 2189.
After reading the two letters written by Christopher Columbus in the midst of his many voyages, I have found many similarities and differences between the two. The first letter was written to Luis de Santangel on February 15, 1493 at sea. Ten years later, the second letter was written to Ferdinand and Isabella. This letter, regarding his fourth voyage, was written on July 7, 1503. The tone in this letter compared to the first letter was abysmal. Some did not believe it was written by the same person. This makes what happened in that ten year gap become very important. It is what happened during that time that will lead one to discover the changes in attitude made by Columbus between the two letters he wrote.
In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue. However, even after centuries later, little is truly known of the mysterious voyage and findings of the new world.1 By examining “Letter from Columbus to Luis Santangel”, one can further contextualize the events of Columbus' exploration of the New World. The letter uncovers Columbus' subtle hints of his true intentions and exposes his exaggerated tone that catered to his lavish demands with Spain. Likewise, The Columbian Voyage Map read in accordance with the letter helps the reader track Columbus' first, second, third, and fourth voyage to the New World carefully and conveniently. Thus, the letter and map's rarity and description render invaluable insight into Columbus' intentionality of the New World and its indigenous inhabitants.
Meyer, Michael. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1989.
Rowlandson, Mary. The Sovereignty and Goodness of God. 1682. The Sovereignty and Goodness of God. by Mary Rowlandson with Related Documents. Ed. and intro. Neal Salisbury. Boston: Bedford, 1997.
This is an analysis of Christopher Columbus’s Letter on His First Voyage on page 381. Christopher Columbus wrote a letter to his King and Queen of Spain, while he was in the West Indies. He wrote this letter in February 1493 reflecting on his voyage across the Atlantic in 1492. After reading this letter, I can tell that Columbus felt like he was better than the native people of the different islands he journeyed and that a lot of things they did were very strange to him. I can also tell that the world was a lot different to him and to people in 1492, than it is to people in 2014 because he referred to the native people of the various islands he traveled to as Indians, whereas most people in 2014 know that India and Latin American are not the
Baym, Franklin, Gottesman, Holland, et al., eds. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 4th ed. New York: Norton, 1994.
Baym, Nina et al. Ed. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Shorter 8th ed. New York:
Belasco, Susan, and Linck Johnson, eds. The Bedford Anthology of American Literature. Vol. 1, 2nd Ed., Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2014. 1190-1203. Print.
It was about two years ago when I arrived in United States of America, and I still remember the day when I left my native country, Honduras. As I recall, one day previous to my departure, I visited my relatives who live in San Pedro Sula. They were all very happy for me to see me except my grandmother Isabel. She looked sad; even though she tried to smile at all times when I was talking to her, I knew that deep inside of her, her heart was broken because of my departure the next morning. I remember that I even told her, “Grandma, do not worry about me, I’ll be fine. I promise that I will write you letters and send you pictures as much as possible.” Here reply was, “I know sweetie I know you will.” Suddenly after she said that I started to cry. For som...
The Bedford Introduction to Literature 4th ed. of the book. Boston: St. Louis St. Martin’s Press, 1996. 883-89.