Para-nitrophenol is a stronger acid then phenol itself because the nitro group on the p-nitrophenol is a strong electron-withdrawing group. This strong deactivating nitro group attracts the loan pair from the oxygen towards itself by resonance so the O-H bond gets weak and the proton gets more susceptible to getting taken off. When the proton is pulled off the resonance stabilizes the negative charge creating a weak conjugate base. In contrast the phenol doesn’t have the nitro group to electron withdraw therefore it maintains the stronger electronegativity of the oxygen and the proton is not easily pulled off. As known before an acid donates a proton and has a weak conjugate base therefore the acidity is stronger for the nitrophenol then a
The purpose for this lab was to use aluminum from a soda can to form a chemical compound known as hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate. In the lab aluminum waste were dissolved in KOH or potassium sulfide to form a complex alum. The solution was then filtered through gravity filtration to remove any solid material. 25 mLs of sulfuric acid was then added while gently boiling the solution resulting in crystals forming after cooling in an ice bath. The product was then collected and filter through vacuum filtration. Lastly, crystals were collected and weighed on a scale.
We must do everything in our power to make the world recognize that our veterans are still paying a high price for fighting the war in Vietnam. Agent Orange is slowly taking the lives of these brave veterans. The government has recognized some diseases but the rules to compensation can be complex. It was in the 1960's that we were in the process of trying to destroy vegetation and brush in Vietnam, in doing so we proceeded to contaminate one of the largest parts of the environment, Humankind. War Veterans were exposed to Agent Orange and now live their lives with a disease not necessarily curable. The question remains did these Veterans know about the hazardous effects, and how are they being compensated now? Agent Orange was the code name for a herbicide developed for the military, primarily for use in tropical climates. It destroyed covering vegetation to protect the American and allied troops from ambush. The product "Agent Orange" was named so for the orange band that was used to mark the drums it was stored in. Agent Orange "was a reddish-brown liquid containing two herbicides: 2,4,5-T was contaminated in the manufacturing process with a type of dioxin - 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, also known as TCDD."(VA Fact Sheet) The combined product was mixed with kerosene or diesel fuel and dispersed by vehicle, hand spraying, and aircraft. The term Operation Ranch Hand was the military code name for the spraying of herbicides from United States aircraft in Southeast Asia. "Between 1962 and 1971, Ranch Hand sprayed about 19 million gallons of herbicide, 11 million of which was Agent Orange."(Buckingham 2) Ranch Hand made attacks more difficult by clearing several hundred yards of vegetation in order to make ambushes more difficult and air attacks easier. There was, "more than 10% of the land area of South Vietnam was sprayed at least once, and some were sprayed repeatedly."(Boffey, 1) After several weeks the herbicides would dissolve into the soil which would contaminate the water and the vegetation. "Orange contained relatively high levels of an exceedingly poisonous contaminant known as Dioxin."(Arison, 1) Dioxin is what remained after the herbicides would dissolve; this is not a harmful substance found in nature, but rather a man made poison. The introduction to using resources: Choices and Trade-off s...
The symbol “As” from the periodic table, belongs to the chemical element Arsenic. Its located in group 15, period 4, and is clasificat as semi-metals. Arsenic’s atomic number is 33, and has a density of 5.776 grams per cubic centimeter. Arsenic melting point is 1090 K (817°C or 1503°F) and the boiling point is 887 K (614°C or 1137°F). The element specific gravities are 1.97 and 5.73, they are respectively to his two solid modifications: yellow, and grey (or metallic). Arsenic’s appearance is steel grey, very brittle, crystalline, and is classified as a semi-metal since it has properties of both.
Not to be confused with decompression sickness, is a reversible alteration in consciousness that occurs while diving at any depth. It is caused by an anaesthetic effect of certain gasses at high pressure. The word, derived from narke a "temporary decline or loss of senses and movement, numbness." It should be noted that narcosis produces a state similar to drunkenness (alcohol intoxication), or nitrous oxide inhalation. It can occur during shallow dives, although not usually noticed before depths less than 100ft (30m).
In the late 1800’s it was discovered that papa-amino-phenol, could reduce fever, but the drug was too toxic to use. A less toxic extract called phenacetin was later found to be just as effective but also had pain-relieving properties. In 1949, it was learned that phenacetin was metabolized into an active but also less toxic drug, acetaminophen. Since then, acetaminophen has been sold under many over the counter brand names, most popular being Tylenol.
Napolean Bonaparte was one of the most extraordinary individuals in history. He was a ______ scholar, military genius, and an opportunistic leader. Throughout history there has not been one leader that was perfect or completely inadequate because that ____ not possible. Napolean, despite a few missteps, including the continental system and invading Russia, was truly a cunning and superb administrator?? who believed that there were no boundaries when it came to his ultimate goal of world domination. He was both an inspiration and _____ for people as well a “ruthless dictator who brought death and destruction.” As stated in the source, “To my mind, the only immortality is the memory we leave behind.” Napolean’s aspiration was to be remembered as a great person who achieved many things in France and to leave an everlasting mark on society. What people do in life will live on for eternity. You must do something or stand for something that is worth remembering. Over time most people are forgotten, however there are some whose names are remembered after years have passed because they did something great or notorious. Napolean was great and did great things. He broke boundaries and achieved what others could not. Napolean was a superior leader who saved France from the revolution, strengthened the french state all together, and gave long oppressed people throughout Europe a new sense of hope. The opinion that Napoleon left imprinted on history has long been argued however it is not difficult to show that he enriched the lives of the french people in many ways and deserves a positive and heroic legacy.
strong acid or base does not necessarily yield a drastic jump in pH. The acid
Native peoples have made great strides to become equal to other Canadian citizens, but by no means does this mean their plights are no longer important or valid. Too many Native children start drinking at young ages, too many Native girls sell themselves, and too many Native peoples deal with prescription addictions. “In some [native] communities, it’s as high as 75 per cent. Of the thousands who need treatment, she said, less than 10 per cent are getting help.” (Paperny) Oxycotin, the main drug used by the native peoples, has harsh and sometime deadly effects, but due to the dangerous, depressive and aggressive environment that so many reserves deal with, Oxycontin has become the high so many native peoples believe they need. This highly addictive drug though destroys lives further. “On Feb. 6, Matawa First Nations, a tribal council of nine Northern Ontario First Nations, reported that almost 2,000 people have an Opioid addiction in their communities.” (Windspeaker) These 2,000 people need help, and the way in which the government has chosen to deal with this is by cutting Oxycontin from the Ontario health care plan to replace it with OxyNEO. Explaining the history behind this drug addiction and the environment it thrives in, the issues withdrawal will cause and the symptoms of withdrawal, will help people conclude for themselves whether OxyNEO is a positive solution, or we need something else.
In the 1950s it was commonly know as slipping someone a Mickey Finn. By the mid-1980s it was called H-Bombing: prostitutes slipped the sleeping pill Halcion into a customers drink and robbed them after they would pass out. But the recent introduction of the illicit doping drugs, rohypnol promises to take the dangerous practice of doping unsuspecting victims into new depths. Today I am going to talk about rohypnol or other wise known as the “date rape drug”. I will tell you what it is, its effects, and the steps people can take to avoid rohypnol.
Poison Ivy is the name given to a family of malicious remote administration Trojans first developed in 2005 and still being utilized for cyber attacks today. As a type of remote administration software, once a computer becomes infected the attacker has complete control of the computer. The most recently documented large-scale utilization of the software was during the “Nitro” attacks from July 2011 through September 2011 that targeted both chemical and defense companies for the purpose of industrial espionage (Fisher). The information security firm McAfee stated that five multinational natural gas and oil companies were successfully targeted by the Poison Ivy malware, as well as 29 other companies identified by Symantec (Finkle). These organizations lost proprietary information to the attackers, including confidential bidding plans (for the energy companies) and details on manufacturing processes and formulas (for several chemical companies).
Barbiturate. Now where would you think of a name like that? Legend has it that this drug was derived when a 29 year old research assistant, Adolph von Baeyer, was working in his Belgian laboratory in 1863 when he took the condensation of malonic acid and combined it with Urea. Von Baeyer went downtown to a local pub to celebrate where some army officers where celebrating Feast Day of Saint Barbara. So he took the name Barbara and combined it with the chemical that mostly made up this new acid and came out with barbituric acid.
- The amount of times the mixture was stirred. We stirred the mixture until the Ammonium Nitrate was dissolved, so the amount of times we stirred after each teaspoon was different.
The term “pesticide” refers to any product that attracts, repels, or kills any kind of pest, though it is most commonly associated with plant protection products. It is a chemical agent which harms, kills, repels or in any way discourages pests (such as insects, weeds, birds, mammals, and fish) which destroy property or crops, or spread disease.
Insecticides extracted from the bacterium Bacillus Thuringiensis, known as Bt, have been commonly used to reduce pest populations and increase crop yields in modern agriculture. This insecticide has been credited for having the least amount of damage on the environment compared to synthetic pesticides. The application of Bt, however, has proven to be inefficient, primarily because the pesticide does not efficiently target underground pests and because the effects of the pesticide does not last for a significant amount of time. So, genetic engineers proposed that in order to increase the efficiency of the application of Bt insecticide on crops, genetically modified crops containing the genetic material from Bacillus Thuringiensis bacteria should be introduced into the market for farmers to grow in order to have the pesticide be efficiently delivered by having the plant produce the insecticide itself. In this manner, the effects of the insecticide would persist for a greater amount of time because the plant would produce the insecticide continuously, while root tunneling pests would also be affected as a result of the direct delivery of the Bt toxins in the roots of the crops. The integration of Bt toxic genes into the plants’ genetic material would also prevent exposure of this insecticide towards non-target insects.